2024版高考英語(yǔ)一輪總復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法專題板塊2第3講構(gòu)詞法教師用書新人教版

第3講構(gòu)詞法考點(diǎn)1形容詞變副詞的規(guī)律1．一般情況加ly。如：real→really;careful→carefully;polite→politely;quick→quickly2．以“輔音字母＋y”結(jié)尾的，將y改為i，再加ly。如：angry→angrily;busy→busily;heavy→heavily3．以ble結(jié)尾的，將ble改為bly。如：probable→probably;possible→possibly4．部分以“輔音字母＋e”結(jié)尾的詞，去掉e再加ly。如：true→truly5．以ic結(jié)尾的，加ally。如：basic→basically；energetic→energetically有的名詞＋ly→形容詞，如：friend→friendly;day→daily考點(diǎn)2動(dòng)詞/名詞變形容詞的常見(jiàn)后綴后綴例詞ableaccept→acceptable可接受的；comfort→comfortable舒適的；fashion→fashionable時(shí)髦的almusic→musical音樂(lè)的；origin→original最初的；person→personal個(gè)人的；私人的fuldoubt→doubtful懷疑的；forget→forgetful健忘的；harm→harmful有害的ibleaccess→accessible易得到的；horror→horrible可怕的；恐怖的；response→responsible有責(zé)任的；負(fù)責(zé)的iveeffect→effective有效的；生效的；attract→attractive有吸引力的；impress→impressive給人深刻印象的ouscontinue→continuous不斷的；持續(xù)的；anxiety→anxious憂慮的；curiosity→curious好奇的sometire→tiresome令人厭倦的；trouble→troublesome麻煩的ytaste→tasty美味的；可口的；health→healthy健康的；wealth→wealthy富裕的；豐富的erneast→eastern東方的；向東的ishchild→childish孩子氣的；fool→foolish愚蠢的；可笑的；self→selfish自私的icscience→scientific科學(xué)的；economy→economic經(jīng)濟(jì)的；history→historic歷史上著名的aryimagine→imaginary想象中的考點(diǎn)3動(dòng)詞變名詞的后綴后綴例詞alapprove→approval贊成；批準(zhǔn)；arrive→arrival到來(lái)；到達(dá)；survive→survival幸存anceenceappear→appearance出現(xiàn)；外貌；perform→performance表演；節(jié)目；exist→existence存在；生存；prefer→preference偏愛(ài)ion；tion；ationcompete→competition比賽；競(jìng)爭(zhēng)；invite→invitation邀請(qǐng)；請(qǐng)柬；explain→explanation解釋(ss)iondiscuss→discussion討論；辯論；decide→decision決定；admit→admission接納；準(zhǔn)許入學(xué)inghear→hearing聽(tīng)力；聽(tīng)覺(jué)；begin→beginning開(kāi)始mentachieve→achievement功績(jī)；成就；argue→argument辯論；論據(jù)；treat→treatment對(duì)待；治療ureturefail→failure失??；未做；press→pressure壓力；mix→mixture混合；混合物yrecover→recovery恢復(fù)；痊愈；discover→discovery發(fā)現(xiàn)其他choose→choice選擇；vary→variety多樣化；種類；tend→tendency趨向；趨勢(shì)考點(diǎn)4形容詞變名詞的后綴后綴例詞ageshort→shortage不足；短缺cyefficient→efficiency效率；功效；fluent→fluency流利；流暢；private→privacy隱私；私密domfree→freedom自由；自在；wise→wisdom明智；智慧cedifferent→difference差異；silent→silence沉默nessweak→weakness虛弱；弱點(diǎn)；kind→kindness仁慈；好意；careless→carelessness粗心大意thgrow→growth成長(zhǎng)；生長(zhǎng)；warm→warmth溫暖；熱情ytyitydifficult→difficulty困難；safe→safety安全；real→reality現(xiàn)實(shí)考點(diǎn)5表示人的后綴后綴例詞erteach→teacher老師；village→villager村民；strange→stranger陌生人；(注意：cook→cooker爐灶，爐具)arlie→liar說(shuō)謊者eeemploy→employee受雇者；雇員；interview→interviewee被面試者；train→trainee受訓(xùn)練的人；學(xué)員orinvent→inventor發(fā)明家；act→actor男演員；educate→educator教育家；教師essact→actress女演員；host→hostess女主人；女主持人eseChina→Chinese中國(guó)人；Japan→Japanese日本人nAmerica→American美國(guó)人；Australia→Australian澳大利亞人ianmusic→musician音樂(lè)家；history→historian歷史學(xué)家；politics→politician政治家；政客istnovel→novelist小說(shuō)家；special→specialist專家；tour→tourist旅行者；觀光者antserve→servant仆人；participate→participant參加者；assist→assistant助手；助理考點(diǎn)6表示否定或相反意義的前綴和后綴前/后綴例詞前綴disagree→disagree不同意advantage→disadvantage缺點(diǎn)illegal→illegal不合法的logical→illogical不合邏輯的impolite→impolite無(wú)禮的patient→impatient不耐煩的informal→informal非正式的convenient→inconvenient不方便的irregular→irregular不規(guī)則的responsible→irresponsible不負(fù)責(zé)任的mislead→mislead誤導(dǎo)understand→misunderstand誤解nonsmoker→nonsmoker不吸煙者stop→nonstop直達(dá)的unusual→unusual不尋常的willing→unwilling不愿意的后綴lesshope→hopeless絕望的end→endless沒(méi)完沒(méi)了的考點(diǎn)7變動(dòng)詞的前綴和后綴前/后綴例詞前綴enable→enable使能夠large→enlarge擴(kuò)大rich→enrich使充實(shí)后綴enbroad→broaden(使)變寬ripe→ripen(使)成熟sharp→sharpen使尖銳wide→widen加寬ifyclass→classify把……分類just→justify證明……正確simple→simplify簡(jiǎn)化iseapology→apologise道歉emphasis→emphasise強(qiáng)調(diào)考點(diǎn)8-ed形容詞和-ing形容詞一些動(dòng)詞，如amaze,move,excite,disappoint,encourage,puzzle,surprise,confuse,interest,satisfy,please,shock,astonish,disturb,bore等，其-ing形式和-ed形式都能轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞。Thestorywasverymovingandweweredeeplymoved．這個(gè)故事非常感人，我們都被深深地感動(dòng)了。此類形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾表情和聲音時(shí)的區(qū)別：動(dòng)詞-ing形式用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的特性，表示該表情或聲音令人怎么樣，因此譯作“令人……的”；動(dòng)詞-ed形式用來(lái)說(shuō)明發(fā)出該表情或聲音的人所處的一種狀態(tài)。Ⅰ．單句語(yǔ)法填空1．(2022·全國(guó)甲卷)Caobelievesthiswillmakethehikingtripevenmoremeaningful(meaning)．2．(2022·浙江卷1月)OnawebsitecalledNoFlyClimateSci,forexample,roughly(rough)200academics—manyofthemclimatescientists—havepromisedtoflyaslittleaspossiblesincetheeffortstartedtwoyearsago．3．(2021·浙江卷6月)In1844theyboughtitfor$1，200andsomelandfromCharlesDresser,whoperformedtheirmarriage(marry)ceremonyin1842．4．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Thehotspringatthefootofthemountainissomethingyoumusttryaftertheclimb．Itwillundoubtedly(undoubted)helpyougetrefreshed!5．(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)Inthe18thand19thcenturies,wealthy(wealth)peopletravelledandcollectedplants,historicalobjectsandworksofart．Ⅱ．語(yǔ)法填空(2022·廈門模擬)ManyexcellentwarshipcrewshavebeentrainedontheaircraftcarrierLiaoning．Astheonlyfemaledeckoperationofficeronit,RemilaDabulofKazakethnicity(哈薩克族),whosestory1．wasreported(report)bythemediainJanuary,hasattractedmuchpublicattention．Beforeworkingonthedeck,Remilawasaradarandtelephone2．operator(operate)．ButwhenshefirstsawaJ-15fightertakingoff,theideaofworkingalongsideitcrossedhermind．3．Soeagerwasshetobeacrewmemberthatsheovercamemanydifficultiesandultimatelybecame4．qualified(qualify)．Duringherwork,Remilawearsabluehelmet,goggles,andbluesuits．AfteraJ-15lands,5．whatsheneedstodoiscarrytheheavywireafter6．getting(get)signalsandruntothefightertotakeaseriesofactionsforaquickinstallation．“Thehigherriskourworkis,the7．firmer(firm)beliefweshouldhave，”saidRemila．Shehasputherbelief8．intopracticeinherdailysecurityandguaranteework．Thisyear,Remilaspenther9．fifth(five)SpringFestivalaboardthecarrier．Remilasaid,“ImissmyparentsinXinjiang．Ilovemycareerand10．a(chǎn)m(be)willingtoshouldertheresponsibilitytosafeguardthehappinessandpeacefullifeofmillionsoffamiliesinthemotherland．”Ⅲ．寫作運(yùn)用根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示補(bǔ)全作文，并注意其中的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。DearTom，Atpresent，therearemanyforeignerslearningChinese,becauseChina1．isplayinganimportant