【備考2019】中考英語英語句子成分分析和練習題

句子成分(Members

of

a

Sentence)什么叫句子成分呢？句子的組成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，詞與詞之間有一定的組合關(guān)系，按照不同的關(guān)系，可以把句子分為不同的組成成分。句子成分由詞或詞組充當。現(xiàn)代漢語里一般的句子成分有六種，即主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語和補語。英語的基本成分有七種：主語（subject）、謂語（predicate）、表語（predicative）、賓語（object）、定語（attribute）、狀語(adverbial)

和補語（complement）。英語句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以歸納成五種基本句型及其擴大、組合、省略或倒裝。掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。英語五種基本句型列式如下：一：

Ｓ

Ｖ

（主＋謂）二：

Ｓ

Ｖ

Ｐ

（主＋系＋表）三：

Ｓ

Ｖ

Ｏ

（主＋謂＋賓）四：

Ｓ

Ｖ

ｏ

Ｏ

（主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓）五：

Ｓ

Ｖ

Ｏ

Ｃ

（主＋謂＋賓＋賓補）基本句型

一：Ｓ

Ｖ

（主＋謂）主語：可以作主語的成分有名詞（如boy），主格代詞（如you），動詞不定式，動名詞等。主語一般在句首。注意名詞單數(shù)形式常和冠詞不分家！

謂語：謂語由動詞構(gòu)成，是英語時態(tài)、語態(tài)變化的主角，一般在主語之后。不及物動詞（vi.）沒有賓語，形成主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，如：We

come.

此句型的句子有一個共同特點，即句子的謂語動詞都能表達完整的意思。這類動詞叫做不及物動詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等。

Ｓ

│

Ｖ

（不及物動詞）

1.

The

sun

│was

shining.

太陽在照耀著。2.

The

moon

│rose.

月亮升起了。3.

The

universe

│remains.

宇宙長存。4.

We

all

│breathe,

eat,

and

drink.

我們大家都呼吸、吃和喝。5.

Who

│cares?

管它呢？

6.

What

he

said

│does

not

matter.

他所講的沒有什么關(guān)系。

7.

They

│talked

for

half

an

hour.

他們談了半個小時。

8.

The

pen

│writes

smoothly

這支筆書寫流利?；揪湫?/p>

二：

Ｓ

Ｖ

Ｐ

（主＋系＋表）此句型的句子有一個共同的特點：句子謂語動詞都不能表達一個完整的意思，必須加上一個表明主語身份或狀態(tài)的表語構(gòu)成復合謂語，才能表達完整的意思。這類動詞叫做連系動詞。系動詞分兩類：be,

look,

keep,

seem等屬一類，表示情況；get,

grow,

become,

turn等屬另一類，表示變化。be

本身沒有什么意義,只起連系主語和表語的作用。其它系動詞仍保持其部分詞義。

表語：說明主語的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、等?？蔀樾稳菰~、副詞、名詞、代詞、不定式、分詞。當聯(lián)系動詞不是be，而其后是名詞和代詞時，多表達‘轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椤猓⒁馀c動賓關(guān)系的區(qū)別。感官動詞多可用作聯(lián)系動詞：lookwell/面色好,soundnice/聽起來不錯,feelgood/感覺好，smellbad/難聞例：Tomisaboy.(Tom是個男孩）/主語為Tom,系詞為be動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)is，表語為aboy

Ｓ

│Ｖ（是系動詞）│

Ｐ

1.

This

│is

│an

English-Chinese

dictionary.

這是本英漢辭典。2.

The

dinner

│smells

│good.

午餐的氣味很好。3.

He

│fell

│in

love.

他墮入了情網(wǎng)。

4.

Everything

│looks

│different.

一切看來都不同了。5.

He

│is

growing

│tall

and

strong.

他長得又高又壯6.

The

trouble│is

│that

they

are

short

of

money.

麻煩的是他們?nèi)鄙馘X。7.

Our

well

│has

gone

│dry.

我們井干枯了。

8.

His

face

│turned

│red.

他的臉紅了。There

be

結(jié)構(gòu)：

There

be

表示‘存在有’。這里的there沒有實際意義，不可與副詞‘there那里’混淆。

此結(jié)構(gòu)后跟名詞，表示‘（存在）有某事物’

試比較：There

is

a

boy

there.（那兒有一個男孩。）/前一個there無實意，后一個there為副詞‘那里’。

基本句型

三：

Ｓ

Ｖ

Ｏ

（主＋謂＋賓）此句型句子的共同特點是：謂語動詞都具有實義，都是主語產(chǎn)生的動作，但不能表達完整的意思，必須跟有一個賓語，即動作的承受者，才能使意思完整。這類動詞叫做及物動詞。賓語位于及物動詞之后，一般同主語構(gòu)成一樣，不同的是構(gòu)成賓語的代詞必須是‘代詞賓格’，如：me，him，them等

例：Theboyneedsapen.主語theboy，謂語needs(need的第三人稱單數(shù)形式)，賓語apen.

Ｓ

│Ｖ（及物動詞）│

Ｏ

1.

Who

│knows

│the

answer?

誰知道答案？

2.

She

│smiled

│her

thanks.

她微笑表示感謝。3.

He

│has

refused

│to

help

them.

他拒絕幫他們。4.

He

│enjoys

│reading.

他喜歡看書。5.

They

│ate

│what

was

left

over.

他們吃了剩飯。6.

He

│said

│"Good

morning."

他說："早上好！"7.

I

│want

│to

have

a

cup

of

tea.

我想喝杯茶。

8.

He

│admits

│that

he

was

mistaken.

他承認犯了錯誤。基本句型

四：

Ｓ

Ｖ

ｏ

Ｏ

（主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓）有些及物動詞可以有兩個賓語，如：give給，pass遞，bring帶，show顯示。這兩個賓語通常一個指人，為間接賓語；一個指物，為直接賓語。間接賓語一般位于直接賓語之前。

一般的順序為：動詞

+

間接賓語

+

直接賓語。如：Give

me

a

cup

of

tea,please.強調(diào)間接賓語順序為：動詞

+

直接賓語

+介詞+

間接賓語。如：Show

this

house

to

Mr.Smith.若直接賓語為人稱代詞：動詞+

代詞直接賓語

+介詞+

間接賓語。如：Bring

it

to

me,please.

Ｓ

│Ｖ（及物）│

ｏ（多指人）

│

Ｏ（多指物）

1.

She

│ordered

│herself

│a

new

dress.

她給自己定了一套新衣裳。2.

She

│cooked

│her

husband

│a

delicious

meal.

她給丈夫煮了一頓美餐。3.

He

│brought

│you

│a

dictionary.

他給你帶來了一本字典。4.

He

│denies

│her

│nothing.

他對她什么都不拒絕。5.

I

│showed

│him

│my

pictures.

我給他看我的照片6.

I

│gave

│my

car

│a

wash.

我洗了我的汽車。7.

I

│told

│him

│that

the

bus

was

late.

我告訴他汽車晚點了。8.

He

│showed

│me

│how

to

run

the

machine.

他教我開機器?；揪湫?/p>

五：

Ｓ

Ｖ

Ｏ

Ｃ

（主＋謂＋賓＋賓補）此句型的句子的共同特點是：動詞雖然是及物動詞，但是只跟一個賓語還不能表達完整的意思，必須加上一個補充成分來補足賓語，才能使意思完整。賓語補足語：位于賓語之后對賓語做出說明的成分。賓語與其補足語有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，它們一起構(gòu)成復合賓語。名詞/代詞賓格

+

名詞The

war

made

him

a

soldier./戰(zhàn)爭使他成為一名戰(zhàn)士.名詞/代詞賓格

+

形容詞New

methods

make

the

job

easy./新方法使這項工作變得輕松.

名詞/代詞賓格

+

介詞短語I

often

find

him

at

work./我經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)他在工作.

名詞/代詞賓格

+

動詞不定式The

teacher

ask

the

students

to

close

the

windows./老師讓學生們關(guān)上窗戶.

名詞/代詞賓格

+

分詞I

saw

a

cat

running

across

the

road./我看見一只貓跑過了馬路.

Ｓ

│Ｖ（及物）│

Ｏ（賓語）

│

Ｃ（賓補）

1.

They

│appointed

│him

│manager.

他們?nèi)蚊斀?jīng)理。2.

They

│painted

│the

door

│green.

他們把門漆成綠色3.

This

│set

│them

│thinking.

這使得他們要細想一想。4.

They

│found

│the

house

│deserted.

他們發(fā)現(xiàn)那房子無人居住。5.

What

│makes

│him

│think

so?

他怎么會這樣想？6.

We

│saw

│him

│out.

我們送他出去7.

He

│asked

│me

│to

come

back

soon.

他要我早點回來。8.

I

│saw

│them

│getting

on

the

bus.

我看見他們上了那輛公共汽車。但常用的英語句子并不都象基本句型這樣簡短，這些句子除了基本句型的成分不變外，通常是在這些成分的前面或后面增加一些修飾語（modifier）而加以擴大。這些修飾語可以是單詞（主要是形容詞、副詞和數(shù)詞），也可以是各種類型的短語（主要是介詞短語、不定式短語和分詞短語）。我們稱之為：定語、狀語一、

定語：定語是對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或句子，漢語中常用‘……的’表示。定語通常位于被修飾的成分前。若修飾some,any,every,no構(gòu)成的復合不定代詞時，（如：something、nothing）；或不定式、分詞短語作定語、從句作定語時，則定語通常置后。副詞用作定語時須放在名詞之后。

形容詞作定語：The

little

boy

needs

a

blue

pen.(little修飾名詞boy；blue修飾名詞pen.）/小男孩需要一支蘭色的鋼筆。Tom

is

a

handsome

boy./Tom是個英俊的男孩。There

is

a

good

boy./有個乖男孩。數(shù)詞作定語相當于形容詞：Two

boys

need

two

pens./兩個男孩需要兩支鋼筆。The

two

boys

are

students./這兩個男孩是學生。There

are

two

boys

in

the

room./房間里有兩個男孩。

代詞或名詞所有格作定語：His

boy

needs

Tom\'s

pen./他的男孩需要Tom的鋼筆。His

name

is

Tom./他的名字是湯姆。There

are

two

boys

of

Toms

there./那兒有Tom家的兩個男孩。

介詞短語作定語：The

boy

in

the

classroom

needs

a

pen

of

yours./教室里的男孩需要你的一支鋼筆。The

boy

in

blue

is

Tom./穿蘭色衣服的孩子是湯姆。There

are

two

boys

of

9,and

three

of

10./有兩個9歲的，三個10歲的男孩。

名詞作定語：The

boy

needs

a

ball

pen./男孩需要一支圓珠筆。It

is

a

ball

pen./這是一支圓珠筆。There

is

only

one

ball

pen

in

the

pencil

box./這鉛筆盒里只有一支圓珠筆。

副詞作定語：The

boy

there

needs

a

pen./那兒的男孩需要一支鋼筆。The

best

boy

here

is

Tom./這里最棒的男孩是Tom。

不定式作定語：The

boy

to

write

this

letter

needs

a

pen./寫這封信的男孩需要一支鋼筆。The

boy

to

write

this

letter

is

Tom./將要寫這封信的男孩是湯姆。There

is

nothing

to

do

today./今天無事要做。

分詞（短語）作定語：The

smiling

boy

needs

a

pen

bought

by

his

mother./那個微笑的男孩需要一支他媽媽買的鋼筆。The

pen

bought

by

her

is

made

in

China./她買的筆是中國產(chǎn)的。There

are

five

boys

left./有五個留下的男孩。

定語從句：The

boy

who

is

reading

needs

the

pen

which

you

bought

yesterday./那個在閱讀的男孩需要你昨天買的鋼筆。The

boy

you

will

know

is

Tom./你將認識的男孩叫湯姆。There

are

five

boys

who

will

play

the

game./參加游戲的男孩有五個。

二、狀語：狀語修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或全句，說明方式、因果、條件、時間、地點、讓步、方向、程度、目的等。狀語在句子中的位置很靈活，常見情況為：通常在句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)之后，強調(diào)時放在句首；修飾形容詞或副詞時，通常位于被修飾的詞之前；表示時間、地點、目的的狀語一般位于句子兩頭，強調(diào)時放在句首，地點狀語一般須在時間狀語之前；一些表示不確定時間（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副詞狀語通常位于be動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞之后，動詞之前。

有時狀語在句中的某個位置會引起歧義，應(yīng)注意，如：The

boy

calls

the

girl

in

the

classroom.一般理解成‘男孩喊教室里的女孩‘（此時in

the

classroom為girl的定語），也可以理解為‘男孩在教室里喊女孩’（此時in

the

classroom為地點狀語），最好寫作‘In

the

classroom,the

boy

calls

the

girl.\'

副詞（短語）作狀語：The

boy

needs

a

pen

very

much./男孩非常需要一支鋼筆。（程度狀語）The

boy

needs

very

much

the

pen

bought

by

his

mother./男孩非常需要他母親買的那支鋼筆。（賓語較長則狀語前置）The

boy

really

needs

a

pen./男孩真的需要一支鋼筆。（程度狀語）The

boy

needs

a

pen

now./Now,the

boy

needs

a

pen./The

boy,now,needs

a

pen./男孩現(xiàn)在需要一支鋼筆。（時間狀語）

介詞短語作狀語：In

the

classroom,the

boy

needs

a

pen./在教室里，男孩需要一支鋼筆。（地點狀語）Before

his

mother,Tom

is

always

a

boy./在母親面前,湯姆總是一個男孩子.(條件狀語)On

Sundays,there

is

no

student

in

the

classroom./星期天,教室里沒有學生.(時間狀語)

分詞（短語）作狀語：He

sits

there,asking

for

a

pen./他坐在那兒要一支筆。（表示伴隨狀態(tài)）Having

to

finish

his

homework,the

boy

needs

a

pen./因為不得不完成作業(yè)，男孩需要一支筆。（原因狀語）Frightened,he

sits

there

soundlessly./（因為）受了驚嚇，他無聲地坐在那兒。（原因狀語）

不定式作狀語：The

boy

needs

a

pen

to

do

his

homework./男孩需要一支筆寫家庭作業(yè)。（目的狀語）To

make

his

dream

come

true,Tom

becomes

very

interested

in

business./為實現(xiàn)夢想,湯姆變得對商業(yè)很有興趣.

名詞作狀語：Come

this

way!/走這條路?。ǚ较驙钫Z）

狀語從句：時間狀語從句、地點狀語從句、原因狀語從句、結(jié)果狀語從句、目的狀語從句、比較狀語從句、讓步狀語從句、條件狀語從句

三、同位語：同位語是在名詞或代詞之后并列名詞或代詞對前者加以說明的成分，近乎于后置定語。如：We

students

should

study

hard.

/

(students是we的同位語，都是指同一批‘學生’）We

all

are

students.

/

(all是we的同位語，都指同樣的‘我們’）

四、獨立成分：有時句子中會有一些與句子沒有語法聯(lián)系的成分，稱為句子獨立成分(注意：區(qū)別于分詞獨立結(jié)構(gòu))。感嘆詞：oh,hello,aha,ah,等?？隙ㄔ~yes否定詞no稱呼語：稱呼人的用語。插入語：一些句中插入的

I

think

,

I

believe,等。如:

The

story,I

think,has

never

come

to

the

end./我相信,這個故事還遠沒結(jié)束.情態(tài)詞,表示說話人的語氣（多作為修飾全句的狀語）:perhaps也許,maybe大概,actually實際上,certainly當然，等。

五、分詞獨立結(jié)構(gòu)：分詞作狀語時其邏輯主語與句子的主語一致!

否則應(yīng)有自己的邏輯主語，構(gòu)成分詞獨立結(jié)構(gòu)。例：錯句：Studying

hard,your

score

will

go

up.正確：(1)

Studying

hard,you

can

make

your

score

go

up.或

(2)If

you

study

hard,your

score

will

go

up.解析：錯句中分詞studying沒有自帶邏輯主語，則其邏輯主語就是句子的主語，既your

score

.

顯然做study的應(yīng)是人，不應(yīng)是your

score（分數(shù)）.

正確句(1)更正了句子的主語,使其與分詞邏輯主語一致(

同為you

);正確句(2)則使用條件分句帶出study的主語,(不過已經(jīng)不是分詞結(jié)構(gòu)了).

分詞獨立結(jié)構(gòu)常省略being,having

been.不過‘There

being...’的場合不能省略.如：Game

(being)

over,he

went

home.He

stands

there,book

(being)

in

hand.

獨立結(jié)構(gòu)還可用with、without引導，作狀語或定語。這種結(jié)構(gòu)不但可以用分詞，還可以用不定式、形容詞、介詞短語、副詞或名詞等。如：With

nothing

to

do,he

fell

asleep

soon./無事可做，他很快就睡著了。The

teacher

came

in,with

glasses

on

his

nose./老師進來了，戴著一付眼鏡。（注意，此句on

his

nose不可省略！）

練習題

(一).

指出下列句中主語的中心詞（4分，

4分鐘）①

The

teacher

with

two

of

his

students

is

walking

into

the

classroom.②

There

is

an

old

man

coming

here.③

The

useful

dictionary

was

given

by

my

mother

last

year.④

To

do

today's

homework

without

the

teacher's

help

is

very

difficult.(二)

選出句中謂語的中心詞（10分，

10分鐘）①

I

don't

like

the

picture

on

the

wall.A.

don't

B.

like

C.

picture

D.

wall②

The

days

get

longer

and

longer

when

summer

comes.A.

get

B.

longer

C.

days

D.

summer③

Do

you

usually

go

to

school

by

bus?A.

Do

B.

usually

C.go

D.

bus④

There

will

be

a

meeting

at

the

library

this

afternoon.A.

will

be

B.

meeting

C.

the

library

D.

afternoon⑤

Did

the

twins

have

porridge

for

their

breakfast?A.Did

B.

twins

C.

have

D.

breakfast⑥

Tom

didn't

do

his

homework

yesterday.A.

Tom

B.

didn't

C.

do

D.

his

homework⑦

What

I

want

to

tell

you

is

this.A.

want

B.

to

tell

C.

you

D.

is⑧

We

had

better

send

for

a

doctor.A.

We

B.

had

C.

send

D.

doctor⑨

He

is

interested

in

music.A.

is

B.

interested

C.

in

D.

music⑩

Whom

did

you

give

my

book

to?A.

give

B.did

C.

whom

D.

book(三)

挑出下列句中的賓語（10分，10分鐘）①

My

brother

hasn't

done

his

homework.②

People

all

over

the

world

speak

English.③

You

must

pay

good

attention

to

your

pronunciation.④

How

many

new

words

did

you

learn

last

class?⑤

Some

of

the

students

in

the

school

want

to

go

swimming,

how

about

you?⑥

The

old

man

sitting

at

the

gate

said

he

was

ill.⑦

They

made

him

monitor

of

the

class.⑧

Go

across

the

bridge

and

you

will

find

the

museum

on

the

left.⑨

You

will

find

it

useful

after

you

leave

school.⑩

They

didn't

know

who

"Father

Christmas"

really

is.

(四)

挑出下列句中的表語（5分，

5分鐘）①

The

old

man

was

feeling

very

tired.②

Why

is

he

worried

about

Jim?③

The

leaves

have

turned

yellow.④

Soon

They

all

became

interested

in

the

subject.⑤

She

was

the

first

to

learn

about

it.

(五)

挑出下列句中的定語（6分，6分鐘）①

They

use

Mr,

Mrs

with

the

family

name.②

What

is

your

given

name?③

On

the

third

lap

are

Class

1

and

Class

3.④

I

am

afraid

some

people

forgot

to

sweep

the

floor.⑤

The

man

downstairs

was

trying

to

sleep.⑥

I

am

waiting

for

the

sound

of

the

other

shoe!

(六)

挑出下列句中的賓語補足語（6分，

6分鐘）①

She

likes

the

children

to

read

newspapers

and

books

in

the

reading-room.②

He

asked

her

to

take

the

boy

out

of

school.③

She

found

it

difficult

to

do

the

work.④

They

call

me

Lily

sometimes.⑤

I

saw

Mr

Wang

get

on

the

bus.⑥

Did

you

see

Li

Ming

playing

football

on

the

playground

just

now?

(七)

挑出下列句中的狀語（8分，

8分鐘）①

There

was

a

big

smile

on

her

face.②

Every

night

he

heard

the

noise

upstairs.③

He

began

to

learn

English

when

he

was

eleven.④

The

man

on

the

motorbike

was

travelling

too

fast.⑤

With

the

medicine

box

under

her

arm,

Miss

Li

hurried

off.⑥

She

loves

the

library

because

she

loves

books.⑦

I

am

afraid

that

if

you've

lost

it,

you

must

pay

for

it.⑧

The

students

followed

Uncle

Wang

to

see

the

other

machine.

(八)

劃出句中的直接賓語和間接賓語（5分，

5分鐘）①

Please

tell

us

a

story.②

My

father

bought

a

new

bike

for

me

last

week.③

Mr

Li

is

going

to

teach

us

history

next

term.④

Here

is

a

pen.Give

it

to

Tom.⑤

Did

he

leave

any

message

for

me?1、

___

six

years

since

I

began

to

study

English.

A.

It

is

B.

I

have

been

C.

There

are

D.

It

was

2

、___

in

the

room

at

that

time.

A.

Nobody

was

B.

Someone

were

C.

Who

is

D.

He

are

3

、IT'S

very

noisy

outside.

___

is

going

on?

A.

Who

B.

What

C.

Which

D.

Where

4、

___

in

English

in

class

every

day

is

important.

A.

Speak

B.

Talking

C.

Saying

D.

To

tell5

、There

must

be____

near

the

factory.

A.

a

book

store

B.

book

store

C.

books

store

D.

books

stores6

、Although

it's

raining

hard,

___

are

still

working

in

the

fields.

A.

but

they

B.

and

they

C.

they

D.

since

they

B1、

The

doctor

as

well

as

the

nurses

___

great

concern

for

the

patients.

A.

show

B.

shows

C.

have

shown

D.

are

showing

2、

Your

son

must

be

a

clever

boy,

___

he?

A.

is

B.

isn't

C.

must

D.

mustn't

3、

The

computer

center,

___

last

year,

is

very

popular

among

students

in

this

school.

A.

open

B.

opening

C.

opened

D.

being

opened

4

、I

___

go

to

the

shop

today,

for

there

is

a

lot

of

food

at

home.

A.

mustn't

B.

had

to

C.

can't

D.

needn't

5

、Don't

___

excited.

A.

get

B.

is

C.

seem

D.

look

6

This

room

___

every

morning.

A.

is

cleaning

B.

is

cleaned

C.

cleans

D.

cleaning

C1、

Glad

to

meet

you!

___

is

your

full

name?

A.

What

B.

Where

C.

How

D.

Who

2、

He

is

___

to

lift

the

heavy

box.

A.

too

weak

B.

weak

tooC.

enough

weak

D.

weak

enough3、

The

days

are

___

warmer

and

warmer

in

spring.

A.

getting

B.

looking

C.

seeming

D.

going

4

、His

job

is____English.

A.

teach

B.

to

teach

C.

taught

D.

teaches

5

、Two

balls

are___.

A.

under

the

desk

B.

in

the

wall

C.

to

here

D.

at

desks

D1

、We

should

get

ready___

others.

A.

helping

B.

to

help

C.

help

D.

help

with

2、

___interesting

work

we

are

doing?

A.

What

a

B.

How

C.

What

D.

What

an

3、

I

want___

a

teacher

when

I

grow

up

(-fx;fc).

A.

to

be

B.

to

C.

be

D.

being

4、

-Would

you

like

to

go

on

a

picnic

with

me

today?

-I

don't

think

so.

To

be

honest,

I

really

don't

feel

like___on

a

picnic.

A.

going

B.

to

go

C.

go

D.

went

5

Do

you

know___?

A.

where

does

he

live

B.

where

he

lives

C.

where

he

live

D.

if

where

he

lives

6

Let

____

do

it

again.

A.

I

B.

me

C.

he

D.

she

7

I

don't

know___.

A.

how

to

do

B.

what

to

do

C.

where

to

do

D.

when

to

do

E

1、

I

saw

him

___

basketball

with

Jack

an

hour

ago.

A.

plays

B.

to

play

C.

played

D.

play

o

2、

Sorry,

we've

kept

you___

for

a

long

time.

A.

waited

B.

sing

C.

stand

D.

waiting

3

、The

teacher

told

us

____

late

again.

A.

aren't

be

B.

don't

be

C.

not

to

be

D.

not

be

4

、We

find

the

room

very___.

A.

warm

B.

warmly

C.

terribly

D.

hardly

F1

、I

found

___

difficult

to

work

together

with

him.

A.

it

B.

its

C.

that

D.

those

2

、We

all

know

___

our

duty

to

clean

our

classroom

after

school

every

day.

A.

that

B.

this

C.

which

D.

it

3、

He

found

___

very

interesting

to

play

with

the

little

dog.

A.

what

B.

it

C.

/

D.

that

G(

)

1

Tom

said

he

___

a

good

dream

yesterday

evening.

A.

dream

B.

dreamed

C.

have

D.

has

(

)

2

Children

___

a

happy

life

in

China.

A.

lead

B.

living

C.

has

D.

leading

H(

)

1

America,

Japan

and

Canada

are___countries.

A.

developing

B.

developed

C.

less

developed

D.

develop

(

)

2

-___

skirt

is

that

on

the

chair?

-Let

me

see.

Oh,

no,

it's

not

mine.

A.

Whose

B.

What

C.

Who's

D.

Which

(

)

3

Do

you

have

anything

___?

A.

saying

B.

to^ay

C.

said

D.

say

(

)

4

Look,

there

is

an___tree

by

the

wall.

A.

apple

B.

apple's

C.

apples'

D.

apples

(

)

5

Where

is____seat?

A.

yours

B.

your

C.

you

D.

yourselves

I(

)

1

The

box

is

___

heavy

for

her

___

carry.

A.

very;

to

B.

too;

not

to

C.

too;

to

D.

very

too;

to

2

-___

did

you

buy

the

new

bag?

-Last

Monday.

A.

Where

B.

How

C.

When

D.

Who

3

You

can

see

these

signs

in

a

hospital.

___

can

you

see

them?

A.

Where

else

B.

Where

place

else

C.

Where

else

place

D.

Else

where

4

They

went

out

___

their

old

friends.

A.

visit

B.

visiting

C.

to

visit

D.

visited

5

There

is

a

wide

river____

our

village.

A.

outside

B.

over

C.

from

D.

below

J

1

The

young

man,

___

works

in

the

office.

A.

me

brother

B.

my

brother

C.

my

brothers

D.

me

2

Our

English

teacher,

___

often

helps

us

with

study.

A.

Mrs

Wang

B.

Mrs5

WangC.

MrsWang's

.

D.

of

him

3

___,

some

railway

workers

are

busy

repairing

the

train.

A.

Them

B.

He

C.

They

D.

Theirs答案

(一)①

teacher

②

man

③

dictionary

④

To

do(二)①

B②

A

③

C

④

A

⑤

C

⑥

C

⑦

D

⑧

C⑨

A⑩

A

(三)①homework.

②English.

③attention

④

words

⑤to

go

swimming

⑥

he

was

ill.

⑦

him

monitor

⑧bridge

museum⑨

it

school.

⑩

who"Father

Christmas"really

is.(四)①tired.

②worried

③yellow.

④interested

⑤the

first(五)①

family

②given③third

④

some

⑤

downstairs

⑥

of

the

other

shoe!(六)①to

read

newspapers

and

books

②to

take

the

boy

③

difficult

④

Lily

⑤

get

on

the

bus

⑥

playing

football

(七)①

on

her

face.

②Every

night

③

when

he

was

eleven.

④

too

fast.

⑤

With

the

medicine

box

under

her

arm

⑥

because

she

loves

books.

⑦

if

you’ve

lost

it

⑧

to

see

the

other

machine.(八)①

us,

間接賓語

a

story,

直接賓語②

me,

間接賓語

a

new

bike,

直接賓語

③

us,

間接賓語

history,

直接賓語④

Tom,

間接賓語

it,

直接賓語

⑤

me,

間接賓語

message,

直接賓語A

.

1-6

A

A

B

B

A

C

B.

1-6

B

B

C

D

A

B

C.

1-5

A

A

A

B

A

D.

1-7

B

C

A

A

B

B

B

E.

1-4

D

D

C

A

F.

1-3

A

D

B

G.

1-2

B

A

H.

1-5

B

A

B

A

B

I

.1-5

C

C

A

C

A

J.

1-3

B

A

C中考二輪復習——完形填空專題（講義）【知識點睛】一、命題特點題型上來看：越來越降低了對單詞本身詞義及語法的考查，而注重上下文聯(lián)系，主要考查學生運用英語基礎(chǔ)知識的能力、上下文對照并捕捉關(guān)鍵詞的能力、分析行文邏輯及文章的整體理解能力、結(jié)合語境分析推理的能力等。體裁上來看：中考完形填空的體裁主要以記敘文為主，以敘為主，敘議結(jié)合，題材新穎。二、做題步驟第一步：___________，___________。完形填空題是一篇意思完整的短文，準確理解短文是解答此類題的關(guān)鍵。在做此題時，要跳過空格，將全文快速瀏覽一遍，特別要留意文章首尾句和每段首尾句。（對文章內(nèi)容有一個大概的了解，在閱讀時，不需要看到全部的信息，根據(jù)部分信息就可以了解大意。千萬不要讀一句填一句，因為“完形填空”題里所給的大多數(shù)選項填入單句后在語法上都成立，但從全文看卻并非正確答案。）第二步：___________，___________。了解文章大意后便要開始填入所缺部分。在選擇答案時，一定要考慮到上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，前后對照，從上下文中找出關(guān)鍵性啟示。同時兼顧句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，習慣用法，固定搭配和詞類的功能，先選出比較容易的答案，遇到較難的題，可以跳過本題，繼續(xù)做后面的題，完形填空題文章前后、上下多有暗示和線索提示（文章為了使語篇相互銜接及文章的連貫，有些詞會以原詞或同義、近義詞等形式重復出現(xiàn)在文章中）。第三步：___________，___________。初讀初選后，還有一些題目沒有思路，此時就要逐句細讀，逐題分析選項、對上一步驟未確定的個別試題多方推敲，把握全局思維，注意前后邏輯（選連詞的空格前后兩句可形成指代、列舉、因果、對比、讓步、補充、遞進等邏輯關(guān)系）。第四步：___________，___________。初定選項后，很重要的一步就是要將整篇文章再復讀一遍。對答案進行核實調(diào)整，清除疏漏。再次迅速復讀，對短文的理解會更為深刻，更容易判斷有疑點或誤解的地方（這時要注意時態(tài)語態(tài)、主謂一致、固定搭配等）。五讀法：1.細讀首句，預測主題；2.跳讀全文，領(lǐng)會大意；3.通讀全文，試選答案；4.細讀全文，推敲難題；5.復讀全文，調(diào)整答案。精簡步驟：1._______。跳開選項了解信息，初步掌握文章大意。(1min)2._______。仔細閱讀全文，抓住短文的每段、每句作者的思想。(5min)3._______。再次閱讀文章，檢查答案，是否符合文章邏輯推理。(2min)

三、真題演練AThegreatestfeelingintheworldcomesnotfromreceivingpresents,orevengettinganAonthemathtestyoustudiedsohardfor.Rather,it1________whenyouhandacupofhotcoffeetothatoldermansittingonthesideofthestreetaskingformoney.Youfeelitwhenyoudriveanhourandahalftoa2________tomeetchildrenwithcancer.Andyoufeelitwhenyousitdownwithyourfriendtocomforther3________hermotherdied.Helpingotherscanbethegreatestfeelingintheworld,andI4________thisjustoneyearago.MyfriendaskedmetoattendaYouthGroupmeetingathischurch.Afteranhouroflisteningtothem5________theiropinions,Iwasinvitedtogowiththemtohelp6________thehomeless.EarlythatSaturdaymorning,ateamof15teenagersbeganmakingsandwichesandcountingbagsofcandy.ForthefirsttimeinmylifeIrealizedthatwe,theteensofAmerica,canmakea7________.Sinceitwasmyfirsttime,andIwasn’tpartofthegroup,Ifeltalittleoutofplace.Butwatchingtheothers8________thefooddrovemynervousnessaway.Beforelong,all150baggedlunchesweregoneandthegroupwas9________itswayhome.Irealizedthatnotonlyismyfriendanamazingperson,butthatallofthosepeopleareamazing.That’swhatmademejointheYouthGroup.Iworkatacoffeeshopbutdon’tmakemuch.It’snotthebestjob,buttherearetimeswhenit’sworthit.Forexample,afewweeksago,whenthestorewas10________andIwasbored,lookingoutofthewindow,Inoticedanoldmansittingoutside.Hehadbeentherebefore.Asamatteroffact,he11________cameintobuyanythingbecausehedidn’thaveanymoney.Itookupacupofcoffee,walkedoutside,andhandedittohim.Thesmileonhisfacemademyday,andasIwalkedbackintothestore,Iputmyownmoneyintothedrawer.ThenIknewhowthemembersoftheYouthGroupfeeleverytimetheyhelpsomeone.Knowingthatyoucanhelpis12________–thegreatestfeelingintheworld.1.A.starts B.stops C.lasts D.fails2.A.shop B.church C.country D.hospital3.A.after B.until C.though D.before4.A.expected B.discovered C.touched D.offered5.A.write B.experience C.voice D.discuss6.A.teach B.encourage C.move D.feed7.A.decision B.success C.dream D.difference8.A.takeout B.pickout C.handout D.pointout9.A.in B.on C.through D.by10.A.empty B.free C.busy D.crowded11.A.even B.usually C.never D.often12.A.helpful B.wonderful C.hopeful D.usefulBItwasacoldafternooninwinter.Myoldestson,Stephen,wasatschool,andReed,myhusband,atwork.My1________littleonesweresittingaroundthekitchentable.Tomwasperfectingapaperplane,whileSamwas2________onanoilpainting.ButLaura,ouronlydaughter,satquietlyandwas3________inherproject.Everyonceinawhileshewouldaskhowto4________thenameofsomeoneinourfamily,thencarefullyformthelettersonebyone.Next,shewouldaddflowerswithsmallitems.Shefinishedoffeachwithasunintheupperrighthandcorner.Holdingthemateyelevel,sheletoutalongsigh(嘆息)of5________.“Whatareyoudoing,Honey?”Iasked.Shelookedquicklyatherbrotherbeforelookingbackatme.“It’sa6________.”shesaid,coveringupherworkwithherhands.Next,sheputherworkintoabox.Whenshehadfinished,shedisappearedupthestairs.Itwasn’tuntillaterthateveningthatI7________a“mailbox”tapedontothedoorstoeachofourbedrooms.Therewerelittlenotessayingthatshelovedallofus.Shehadn’t8________SamorbabyPaul.Theyarepagesofcoloredscenesincludingflowerswithhappyfaces.“Hecan’treadyet,”shewhispered(低聲說),“9________hecanlookatthepictures.”EachtimeIreceivedoneofmylittlegirl’sgifts,it10________myheart.Iwastouchedathowcarefullyshepaidattentiontowhatwronghappenedtous.WhenStephenlostabaseballgame,therewasalettertellinghimshethoughthewasthebestballplayerinthewholeworld.AfterIhada11________day,therewasamessagethankingmeformyefforts.Thissamelittlegirlisgrownnow,drivingoffeverydaytothestatecollege,butsomethingsaboutherhave12________changed.YesterdayIfoundalovenotenexttomybedside.“Thanksforalwaysbeingthereforme,Mom,”itread,“I’mgladthatwe’rethebestfriends.”Thereareangelsamongus.IknowIlivewithone.1.A.two B.three C.four D.five2.A.working B.getting C.holding D.putting3.A.absent B.lost C.bored D.upset4.A.complete B.afford C.spell D.check5.A.satisfaction B.carefulness C.tiredness D.regret6.A.goal B.dream C.wish D.surprise7.A.realized B.noticed C.knew D.predicted8.A.cared B.remembered C.followed D.forgotten9.A.but B.and C.because D.so10.A.deepened B.froze C.broke D.brightened11.A.boring B.different C.hard D.crazy12.A.never B.already C.ever D.EvenCTakingaNapduringtheDayMedicalexpertssaymostAmericansdonotgetenoughsleep.TheysaymoreAmericansneedtorestforashortperiodinthemiddleoftheday,1________continuingwithotheractivities.Onestudyearlierthisyearfoundthatpersonswho2________forafewminutesduringthedaywerelesslikelytodieofheartdisease.Thestudy3________morethan2,300Greekadultsforaboutsixyears.Adultswhorestedforhalfanhouratleastthreetimesaweekhada37percent4________riskofdyingfromheartdiseasethanthosewhodidnotnap.Thestudyorganizerssaidthestrongestevidencewasinworkingmen.Theysaidnapsmightimprove5_______bymitigating(減低)tensioncausedbywork.SomeEuropeanandLatinAmericanbusinesseshavesupportedthe6________ofnappingformanyyears.Theyurgepeopleto7________work,gohomeandhaveanapbeforereturning.IntheUnitedStates,somecompaniesletworkersrestbrieflyintheiroffices.Theybelievethisreduces8________andaccidents,and9________increasestheamountofworkapersoncando.Sleepexpertssayitislikelythatpeoplemakemoremistakesatworkthanatothertimes.Theysaypeopleshouldnot10________importantdutieswhentheyfeelsleepy.Andtheysaythebestthingtodoistotakeanap.Abouttwentyminutesofrestisallyouneed.Expertssaythisprovidesextraenergyandcanincreaseyoureffectiveness11________theendoftheday.Butexperts12________thatanapshouldlastnomorethantwentytothirtyminutes.Alongernapwillputthebodyintodeepsleepandwakingupwillbedifficult.1.A.as B.when C.before D.after2.A.laugh B.sleep C.walk D.move3.A.knew B.learned C.studied D.followed4.A.less B.more C.lower D.higher5.A.life B.health C.thinking D.ability6.A.way B.idea C.suggestion D.experiment7.A.leave B.repeat C.change D.improve8.A.work B.time C.energy D.mistakes9.A.too B.also C.never D.seldom10.A.make B.bring C.carryout D.create11.A.until B.while C.unless D.during12.A.say B.think C.guess D.warnDAssixthgraders,kidswereseparatingintogroups,butIwasn’tsurewhereIbelonged.Ourteachergaveusataskcalled“secretfriends”forthecomin