主謂一致 課件【知識精講+演練提升】 英語高考一輪復(fù)習(xí)語法部分

主謂一致Subject-verbagreement高考語法陸玉航目錄010203WhatisSubject-verbagreementrelatedknowledgeHowtosolveproblems

Content01WhatisSubject-verbagreement一、定義：主謂一致即謂語動詞在人稱和數(shù)上要和主語保持一致，主謂一致包括語法一致、意義一致和就近一致.（1）語法一致：謂語動詞在單復(fù)數(shù)形式上要和主語保持一致（2）意義一致：謂語動詞要和主語意義上的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致（3）就近一致：謂語動詞要和靠近它的主語部分保持一致02relatedknowledge

一、語法一致（1）表示單一概念的動名詞、不定式或句子作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Whenandwheretogofortheon-salaryholidayhasnotbeendecidedyet.帶薪度假的時間和地點還沒決定（2）“one/either/neither/eachof＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞/代詞”作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)。Eitherofthestoriesisveryfunny.這兩個故事都很有趣。（3）something，everything，anything，nothing，somebody,nobody，noone等不定代詞作主語，謂語通常用單數(shù)。Nothingisimpossible.沒有不可能的事。一、語法一致（4）表示時間、金錢、距離、重量、數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，通常被看作一個整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)Tenpoundswasmissingfromthebox.Fiftydollarsisalargesumforakid.Thirtyminutesisenoughforthework.Threethousandmilesisalongdistance.Fiftykilogramsisnottooheavytobecarried.看作整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Onehundredcentsmakeadollar.Fiftyyearshavepassedsincetheirmarriage.強調(diào)數(shù)目，位于用復(fù)數(shù)。一、語法一致（5）主語后有with，togetherwith，alongwith，except，besides，aswellas，but,ratherthan,including,inadditionto,like等詞或短語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)要與這些詞或短語前面的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致(因為with等詞為介詞，其后跟的名詞只能是介賓，不可能充當(dāng)主語)。Mr．GreentogetherwithhischildrengoestotheparkeverySunday.Everyoneexceptyouisdownonme.(lookdownon)Nobodybuttwostudentsisintheclassroom.Jack,ratherthan（而不是）Tom,ispunishedbytheteacher一、語法一致（6）what引導(dǎo)的從句作主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于作表語的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。Whatsurprisedmemostwashisattitudetowardshisstudy.最令我驚訝的是他對學(xué)習(xí)的態(tài)度Whatherfatherleftherareonlysomebooks.她父親留給她的只有一些書（7）such作主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式要根據(jù)其意義而定。SuchisStephenHawking，whohassufferedagreatdealbutachievedsomuch.這就是史蒂芬·霍金，他經(jīng)受了很多痛苦但也取得了許多成就Sucharetheresultswehavegot.這些就是我們所取得的成果一、語法一致（8）有計量單位名詞修飾的不可數(shù)名詞充當(dāng)句子主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)還是用復(fù)數(shù)形式，由計量單位名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定。Thereisacupofteaonthetable.桌子上有一杯茶Howmanybottlesofmilkarethereinthebox?箱子里有多少瓶牛奶？（9）非謂語動詞作做主語

一般是單數(shù)，若是兩個或兩個以上動作時，用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Toseeistobelieve.／Seeingisbelieving.Lyingandstealingareimmoral.一、語法一致（10）從句做主語一般是單數(shù)，若是兩個或兩個以上名詞性從句做主語時，用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Thattheywillwiniscertain.what/whatever/which引導(dǎo)的從句做主語時，有時要看它們代指的詞的意義來決定謂語動詞的數(shù)。Whathesaidistrue.Whatweneedaremorevolunteers.一、語法一致（11）有兩部分組成的表示衣物或工具的名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)，有apairof修飾時要用單數(shù)glasses,shoes,boots,pants,chopsticks,scissors,sock,strousers,clothes,Myglasseswerebrokenwhileplayingfootballyesterday.Apairofglassesislyingunderthedesk.一、語法一致（12）amount和quantity作主語a(large)amountof+U.N.+V(sing.)

(large)amountsof+U.N.+V(pl.)alargequantityof+C.N/U.N.+V(sing.).A(large)amount/quantityof+N.+V單數(shù)largequantitiesof+C.N/U.N.+V(pl.)amounts／quantitiesof+N.+V復(fù)數(shù)Largeamountsofmoneywerespentonthebridge.alotof/lotsofalotofstudentsarelotsofmoneyis…aquantityof后即可接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，亦可接不可數(shù)名詞。如果aquantityof接不可數(shù)名詞，則謂語用單數(shù)形式；如果aquantityof接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，則謂語通常采用復(fù)數(shù)形式。quantitiesof后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，后面的謂語都用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Largequantitiesoftimehavebeenspentonthediscussion.一、語法一致（13）名詞所有格作主語thebaker’sthedoctor‘stheZhang’sMybaker'sisnotfarfromhere一、語法一致（14）用and連接的主語一般均用復(fù)數(shù)，但表同一概念時，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式

①指同一人、同一物或同一概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù)and后面的名詞前沒有冠詞Thepoetandwriterhascome.Thepoetandthewriterhavecome(兩個人）Theteacheranddancerisafriendofmyfather’s.②成對的名詞（表單一概念，作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)）breadandbutter涂黃油的面包sodaandwater汽水coffeeandmilk加牛奶的咖啡aknifeandfork一副刀叉saltandwater鹽開水...Aknifeandforkisonthetable.③Earlytobedandearlytorisemakesamanhealthy,wealthyandwise.一、語法一致④“并列形容詞修飾名詞”做主語一個單數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞被幾個用and連接的并列形容詞修飾時，可以指一件事或幾件事，這種名詞做主語時，要根據(jù)意義一致的原則決定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。EnglishandAmericanliteratureareappealingtoher.Simpleandplainlivingisafinequality.and連接的兩個what從句做主語Whathesaysanddoesdonotagree.二、意義一致（1）“every/each/no＋名詞＋andevery/each/no＋名詞”作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)。Everyboyandeverygirlisplayingsportsnow.EveryminuteandEverysecondisprecious.Nomanandnowomanisallowedtoenterthehall.（2）“one＋單數(shù)名詞＋andahalf”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Oneappleandahalfwasonthetable.桌子上有一個半蘋果oneandahalf后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時，其謂語動詞可用單數(shù)形式（也可用復(fù)數(shù)。Oneandahalfapplesis(are)leftonthetable.二、意義一致（3）“morethanone＋單數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Morethanonestudenthasfailedtheexam.不止一個學(xué)生考試不及格由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語前如果分別有no,each,everymorethana(an),manya(an)修飾時，其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。如：Everystudentandeveryteacherwasintheroom../Noboyandnogirllikesit.二、意義一致（4）“manya＋單數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Manyachildwasplayingthere.很多孩子在那邊玩（5）在定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞如果在從句中作主語，根據(jù)先行詞決定從句謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)；在“oneof＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞＋who/that/which”引導(dǎo)的從句中，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；但之前有the(only)等修飾語時，從句中的謂語動詞用單數(shù)。MaryistheonlyoneofthestudentsinourschoolwhohaseverbeentoChina.oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)謂語Oneofthestudentsisfromthesouth.二、意義一致（6）therest，theremaining/part…＋主語，謂語動詞應(yīng)根據(jù)所表達的單復(fù)數(shù)意義而定Thefactoryusedthreefifthsoftherawmaterials，therestofwhichweresavedforotherpurposes.工廠用了這種原材料的五分之三，剩余部分節(jié)省出來作為他用（7）分數(shù)、百分數(shù)指代或修飾名詞時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于它們所表示的意義About50%ofthelandissuitabletogrowplants.大約50%的土地適合種植物About80%ofthepeopleinthecityobjecttothepriceofrunningwatergoingup.這個城市中大約80%的人反對自來水價格上調(diào)二、意義一致（8）無標(biāo)記的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語people,cattle,police,youthThepoliceweresenttokeeporderimmediately.強調(diào)整體用單數(shù)，強調(diào)成員用復(fù)數(shù)Ourclass_____(is/are)agreatone.Ourclass_____(is/are)musiclovers.Hisfamily_____(is/are)alargeone.Hisfamily_____(is/are)watchingTVtogether.二、意義一致（9）單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語根據(jù)表達的意義決定動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)sheep,deer,fish,means,works,Japanese,Chinese,crossroads,series,species

Everypossiblemeanshasbeenusedtopreventtheairpollution.Allpossiblemeanshavebeenusedtopreventtheairpollution.（10）the+adj/done①表示一類人，做主語時V（pl）②表示一個人或一種抽象概念或品質(zhì)時V（sing）Thericharetohelpthepoor.Thebeautifulisnotalwaysuseful.二、意義一致（11）集體名詞作主語——根據(jù)意義決定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式①表示整體，為單數(shù)；②表示個體（多個人），為復(fù)數(shù)?？技w名詞：army,audience,class,club,committee,enemy,crowd,family,government,militia,group,majority,minority,part,public,staff,team,troop,flock,firm(company,corporation),youth.注意：people,police,cattle也為集體名詞，但只有復(fù)數(shù)含義二、意義一致（12）表示學(xué)科的名詞作主語physics,mathematics,economics,politics（13）國家、單位、書、報刊作主語時TheUnitedStatesTheNewYorkTimes書名、片名、格言、劇名、報名、國名等的復(fù)數(shù)形式，其謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式?！癟heArabianNights”isaninterestingstory-book.（14）anumberof與thenumberof二、意義一致（15）算式中表示數(shù)目（字）的主語通常作單數(shù)看待，其謂語動詞采用單數(shù)形式Twelvepluseightistwenty.Fifty-sixdividedbyeightisseven.二、意義一致（16）“kind(form,type,sort,species,portion,series)of”等修飾的主語，其謂語動詞形式取決于這些詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而不是后面所跟名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。Thenewtypeofbusesisnowonshow.三、就近原則（1）謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)常常與其最接近的主語保持一致。常出現(xiàn)在這類句子中的連詞有or，not…but…，either…or…，neither…nor…，notonly…butalso…等EitherIortheyareresponsiblefortheresultofthematter.要么他們要么我為這個事情的結(jié)果負責(zé)（2）在倒裝句中謂語常與后面最接近的主語一致Inthedistancewasheardtheclappingofhandsandtheshoutsofthepeople.遠處傳來拍手聲和人們的喊叫聲三、就近原則（3）當(dāng)therebe句型的主語是一系列事物時，謂語應(yīng)與最鄰近的主語保持一致。here引起的句子與此用法相同Thereisapen，aknifeandseveralbooksonthedesk.書桌上有一支鋼筆、一把刀和幾本書Hereisapen，afewenvelopesandsomepaperinthedrawer.在抽屜里有一支鋼筆、幾個信封和一些紙

特別提示：就近一致原則也適用于疑問句。在疑問句里，同樣是依據(jù)最近的主語的單復(fù)數(shù)確定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。IseitherTomoryoutobesenttoworkthere?是你或者湯姆要被派去那里工作嗎？1.Theboywiththetwodogs(sleep)whentheearthquakerockedthecity.【參考答案】wassleeping 2.EveryoneexceptTomandJohn(be)therewhenthemeetingbegan.【參考答案】was3.NowTom withhisclassmates(play)footballontheplayground.【參考答案】isplaying1.EitherJaneorSteven(watch)TVnowch.【參考答案】iswatching2.NeitherLiPingnorI(be)abasketballplayer.【參考答案】am 3.Not onlyTombutalsohiswife(be)fondofwatchingtelevision.【參考答案】is演練提升4.There(be)adesk,twobedsandfourchairsintheroom.【參考答案】is3.Thenumberofpagesinthisdictionary(be)abouttwothousand.【參考答案】is4.Theaudience(be)solargethatnoseatwasleftunoccupiedinthegreathall.【參考答案】was 5.Eitherofyou(be)goingtheretonight.【參考答案】is 6.AllbutDick(be)inClassThreethisterm.【參考答案】are 演練提升1.ThenumberofforeignstudentsattendingChineseuniversityarerisingsteadily.（單句改錯）are改為is2.-NotonlyJeffbutalsoLaurahavegotaninvitationtotheparty.-Oh,theyarebothverylucky.（單句改錯）have改為has3.Whatimpressesthereadersmostis(be)theauthor'shumorandwisdom.-4.Withmoreforestsbeingdestroyed,hugequantitiesofgoodearthis(be)washedawayeachyear.5.Hehasdonatedsomemoneytothosewholiveinpoverty,whichis(be)ofgreathelp.6.Beingcreativelooks(look)likeagoodwaytoaddyearstoyourlife.演練提升7.Thehousewaswithinastone'sthrowofarailwaystationfromwhichtherewere(be)frequenttrainstothebigcity.8.Eitheryouoroneofyourstudentsare(be)goingtoattendthemeetingthatisduetomorrow.9.One-thirdofthecountryis(be)coveredwithtreesandthemajorityofthecitizensare(be)blackpeople.10.ThepopulationofJiangsugrows(grow)tomorethantwicewhatitwasin1949.Thefigureisnowapproaching74million.演練提升1.Thebrainbenefitswereseen(see)amongpeoplewhoateroughlyoneandathirdcupsofrawgreensaday,oraboutahalf-cupofcookeddark,leafygreens.2.Asaresult,manyhavearguedthatthecurrentperiodofglobalwarmingis(be)partofanaturalpatternandthehumanroleincreatingithasbeenexaggerated.3.ThegraduationceremonytakesplaceattheendofMayorbeginningofJune,whichusuallyincludes(include)music,awards,andaguestspeaker.4.Asthe5Geraapproaches(approach),oneofthekeyconcernsfortelecomoperatorswillbehowtheycanuse5Gnetworkstomeettheneedsofhigh-densityareas.5.Feedingbirdsis(be)goodforeveryone.Birdersenjoywatchingthebirds,whilethebirdsgetenoughfoodtosurviveinbigcities.6.However,peoplewhohavedonerelatedresearchesbelievethatthefullmoonaffects(affect)humanbehaviorstosomedegree.演練提升Ourgrouparereadingthenewspaper.Ourgroupisaunitedone.Myfamilyisalargeone.Thefamilyaresittingatthebreakfasttable.Manyapersonhasthatkindofopportunity.很多人都有那種機遇。Morethanonemanhasbeendismissed.不止一人被解雇了。演練提升易錯聚焦Yourshoesarecleanwhilehisaredirty.Suchisourplan.All(any/some/none)arehereandallisready.②由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語前如果分別有no,each,everymorethana(an),manya(an)修飾時，其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。如：Everystudentandeveryteacherwasintheroom../Noboyandnogirllikesit.含有of的情況量詞是老大：apairof,abottleof,apieceof,twopairsof,twobottlesof,twopiecesof,名詞是老大：allof,someof,anyof,alotof,mostof,noneof,halfof,therestof

PronounsReadthefollowingsentencesandsummarizetherules：Allofusarehereforlunch.Allissilentontheisland.all指人用復(fù)數(shù),指物用單數(shù)—Howmanyapplesdowehiave?—Three.All_______hereall強調(diào)數(shù)目,依據(jù)具體語境及句意are

代詞each,everyone,noone,another,theother,either,neither或"some/any/no/every+one/thing/body"構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞作主語時,

謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。Wewenttoseeacoupleofhouses,butneitherwassuitable.我們?nèi)タ戳藘商幏孔?但都不合適。trousers(褲子),clothes(衣服),glasses(眼鏡),chopsticks(筷子),scissors(剪刀),compasses(圓規(guī)),gloves(手套)等作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。但當(dāng)主語被kindof/typeof/pairof等修飾時,謂語動詞的形式通常根據(jù)kind/type/pair等的數(shù)來確定。

Jim’strousersarebrown.吉姆的褲子是棕色的。

ThispairoftrouserswasmadebyMr.Li.這條褲子是李先生做的?？键c主語形式把主語看做1all，some

表人或可數(shù)的的物復(fù)數(shù)all,some

表事或不可數(shù)的物，抽象概念單數(shù)2anumberof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞表“許多”復(fù)數(shù)thenumberof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞，表（的數(shù)量）單數(shù)3a(large)quantityof/an(large)amountof+不可數(shù)名詞，表“大量的”單數(shù)(largr)quantitiesof/(large)amountsof+不可數(shù)名詞，表“大量的”復(fù)數(shù)4thepopulationof...:表示...的人口數(shù)單數(shù)thepopulationof...：的居民復(fù)數(shù)需要區(qū)別對待的考點有題有真相1.Allis(be)goingwell.2.Allare(be)agreedonthispoint.3.Anumberofchildrenlike(like)thissong.4.Thenumberoftrafficaccidentshas(have)increased.5.Hugequantitiesofoilwas(be)spillingintothesea.6.80%ofthepopulationofourcountrywas(be)peasants.

需要區(qū)別對待的的考點考點主語形式把主語看做5冠詞+Aand冠詞+B,表示不同的人或物復(fù)數(shù)冠詞+AandB,表示同一人或物單數(shù)6the+adj，表示一類人復(fù)數(shù)the+adj,表示抽象概念單數(shù)注意：當(dāng)AandB表示一個整體時，要看成單數(shù)aknifeandfork（一副刀叉）,ironandsteel（鋼鐵）,timeandlife（歲月）有題有真相1.Theteacherandwriteris(be)fromHunan.2.Theteacherandthewriterare(be)fromHunan.3.Theyoungare(be)fullofenergy.4.Thenewis(be)suretoreplacetheold.以復(fù)數(shù)形式結(jié)尾的名詞的考點考點主語形式把主語看做1news，means（方法）,works（工廠）,和以復(fù)數(shù)形式結(jié)尾的學(xué)科mathematics（數(shù)學(xué)）,politics（政治）,physics（物理）單數(shù)2trousers（褲子）,glasses（眼鏡）,clothes（衣服）,shoes,scissors（剪刀）,goods（貨物）,arms（武器）復(fù)數(shù)有題有真相1.Mathematicsseems(seem)tobedifficulttohim.2.Herclothesare(be)blackandmytrousersare(be)white.主語主語形式把主語看做集體名詞強調(diào)一個整體單數(shù)強調(diào)集體中的各個成員復(fù)數(shù)常見的集體名詞：class,family,army（軍隊）,team,club,party,crowd,majority（大眾）,public,group,committee（委員會）等要看做單數(shù)的集體名詞：people,police,cattle（牛群）,youth（年輕人）等。集體名詞考點有題有真相1.Thefamilywas(be)goingtomovetoNewYork

2.Hisfamilywere(be)allmusiclovers.3.單復(fù)數(shù)同形：Everypossiblemeans

(have)beentried.Allpossiblemeans

(have)beentried.Thatfish

(be)veryfresh.Severalfish

(be)caughtyesterday.hashavemeans(方法）species(物種;種類）——復(fù)數(shù)形式

fish(幾條魚）deer(鹿）sheep(綿羊）——單數(shù)形式iswere表示單數(shù)意義,謂V.用單數(shù);表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,謂V.用復(fù)數(shù)。5.

some/most/therest/分數(shù)/百分數(shù)+of+名詞,Mostoftheworkers

(be)

insupportoftheplan.Mostofthewaterinthebottle

(be)drankbytheboyyesterday.Therestofthemoney

(be)giventomymotheryesterday.

Therestoftheapples

(be)eatenbymysisterlastnight.One-thirdoftheproject

(have)beenfinished

uptonow.Eightyfivepercentofthestudents

(have)finishedtheirhomework.arewaswaswerehashave謂V.與of后的名詞保持一致。固定短語修飾主語3.“許多...”，謂語V.用復(fù)數(shù)；“...的數(shù)量”，謂語V.用單數(shù)。

Thenumberofthebooks

(be)nomorethan100andanumberofthem

(be)arecheap.

4.

“許多...，大量...”,謂語V.的單復(fù)數(shù)形式與amount和quantity的詞形保持一致。Agreatquantityofmoney

(be)spentontheprojectlastyear.Largequantitiesofsand

(be)washeddownthehillbytherainyestersay.isareaamountof+名詞amountsof+名詞anumberof+名詞thenumberof+名詞aquantityof+名詞quantitiesof+名詞waswere表示"……加(減、乘、除)……(等于……)"的結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時,謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式。99and2is101.99加上2等于101。

Twotimesfourmakeseight.2乘以4等于8。2.Twothirdsofthestudents____observingthebehaviorofthebirds.Sixtypercentofthewater___deliveredtotheNortheastChina.(be)總結(jié):百分比/分數(shù)/amajorityof/aworldof/halfof/plentyof+名詞做主語，謂語動詞與_________________________保持一致。

of后面的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)areis五、of+名詞的用法2).therestof/allof/mostof/partof/halfof/…percentof/onethirdof,etc+名詞,謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于of后面的名詞表示的意義。Twentypercentofthemembers__________(support)TerryLin,whichmakeshimrankfirst.support五、of+名詞的用法五、of+名詞的用法

noneof（一個也沒有），neitherof（兩者都不），eitherof（兩者之一）后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞做主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。e.g.NeitherofusspeaksRussian.3.“kind,sort,pair,type+名詞”作主語，以這些名詞本身的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。4.all,none,some,any等不定代詞作主語，根據(jù)其指代的內(nèi)容而定。Allarepresent.Allthefoodtastesgood.5.“half/most/enough/part/therest/thelast/lots/plenty/分數(shù)、百分數(shù)+of+名詞”作主語:謂語動詞要和of之后的名詞單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致。

Apartofthestudentshavearrived.Apartoftheapplehasbeeneatenbythemouse.therestof,halfof,majorityof,partof,alotof,lotsof,oneof,anumberof