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第01講4.1指數(shù)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)①理解根式和分?jǐn)?shù)指數(shù)冪的含義,并且能進(jìn)行兩者之間的互化。②掌握根式的性質(zhì),并能運(yùn)用根式的運(yùn)算性質(zhì)進(jìn)行根式的運(yùn)算。③掌握實(shí)數(shù)指數(shù)冪的運(yùn)算性質(zhì),學(xué)會(huì)化簡(jiǎn)較復(fù)雜的運(yùn)算式子。通過(guò)本節(jié)課的學(xué)習(xí),能將初中的根式與本節(jié)課根式進(jìn)行順利對(duì)接與延伸,條件的擴(kuò)充使指數(shù)的運(yùn)算性質(zhì)內(nèi)容更充實(shí),條件更充分,運(yùn)算更徹底,因此本節(jié)課的內(nèi)容具有承上啟下的作用,通過(guò)本節(jié)課的學(xué)習(xí)要求掌握根式和分?jǐn)?shù)指數(shù)冪的具體運(yùn)算,并能進(jìn)行兩者的互化,運(yùn)用實(shí)數(shù)指數(shù)冪的運(yùn)算性質(zhì)進(jìn)行化簡(jiǎn).知識(shí)點(diǎn)01:整數(shù)指數(shù)冪1、正整數(shù)指數(shù)冪的定義:SKIPIF1<0,其中,SKIPIF1<02、正整數(shù)指數(shù)冪的運(yùn)算法則:①SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0)②SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0)③SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0)④SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0)⑤SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0)知識(shí)點(diǎn)02:根式1、SKIPIF1<0次根式定義:一般地,如果SKIPIF1<0,那么SKIPIF1<0叫做SKIPIF1<0的SKIPIF1<0次方根,其中SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0.特別的:①當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0是奇數(shù)時(shí),正數(shù)的SKIPIF1<0次方根是一個(gè)正數(shù),負(fù)數(shù)的SKIPIF1<0次方根是一個(gè)負(fù)數(shù).這時(shí),SKIPIF1<0的SKIPIF1<0次方根用符號(hào)表示SKIPIF1<0.②當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0是偶數(shù)時(shí),正數(shù)的SKIPIF1<0次方根有兩個(gè),這兩個(gè)數(shù)互為相反數(shù).這時(shí),正數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的正的SKIPIF1<0次方根用符號(hào)SKIPIF1<0表示,叫做SKIPIF1<0的SKIPIF1<0次算術(shù)根;負(fù)的SKIPIF1<0次方根用符號(hào)SKIPIF1<0表示.正的SKIPIF1<0次方根與負(fù)的SKIPIF1<0次方根可以合并寫(xiě)成SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0).③負(fù)數(shù)沒(méi)有偶次方根;④SKIPIF1<0的任何次方根都是SKIPIF1<0,記作SKIPIF1<02、根式:式子SKIPIF1<0叫做根式,這里SKIPIF1<0叫做根指數(shù),SKIPIF1<0叫做被開(kāi)方數(shù).在根式符號(hào)SKIPIF1<0中,注意:①SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0②當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0為奇數(shù)時(shí),SKIPIF1<0對(duì)任意SKIPIF1<0都有意義③當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0為偶數(shù)時(shí),SKIPIF1<0只有當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí)才有意義.3、SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0的區(qū)別:①當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0為奇數(shù)時(shí),SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0)②當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0為偶數(shù)時(shí),SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0)③當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0為奇數(shù)時(shí),且SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0④SKIPIF1<0為偶數(shù)時(shí),且SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0【即學(xué)即練1】(2023·全國(guó)·高一假期作業(yè))SKIPIF1<0(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0為奇數(shù)時(shí),SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0為偶數(shù)時(shí),SKIPIF1<0【答案】D【詳解】當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0為奇數(shù)時(shí),SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0為偶數(shù)時(shí),SKIPIF1<0.故選:D知識(shí)點(diǎn)03:分式指數(shù)冪1、正數(shù)的正分?jǐn)?shù)指數(shù)冪的意義是SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0)于是,在條件SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0下,根式都可以寫(xiě)成分?jǐn)?shù)指數(shù)冪的形式.2、正數(shù)的負(fù)分?jǐn)?shù)指數(shù)冪的意義與負(fù)整數(shù)指數(shù)冪的意義相仿,我們規(guī)定,SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0).3、SKIPIF1<0的正分?jǐn)?shù)指數(shù)冪等于SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的負(fù)分?jǐn)?shù)指數(shù)冪沒(méi)有意義.【即學(xué)即練2】(2023·全國(guó)·高三專題練習(xí))化簡(jiǎn):SKIPIF1<0=.(用分?jǐn)?shù)指數(shù)冪表示).【答案】SKIPIF1<0【詳解】因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.知識(shí)點(diǎn)04:有理數(shù)指數(shù)冪①SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0)②SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0)③SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0)知識(shí)點(diǎn)05:無(wú)理數(shù)指數(shù)冪①SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0)②SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0)③SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0)【即學(xué)即練3】(2023·高一課時(shí)練習(xí))計(jì)算SKIPIF1<0.【答案】0【詳解】原式SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0題型01根式的概念【典例1】(2023·全國(guó)·高一假期作業(yè))二次根式SKIPIF1<0成立的條件是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0是任意實(shí)數(shù)【典例2】(2023·高一課時(shí)練習(xí))81的4次方根是.【變式1】(2023·高一課時(shí)練習(xí))625的四次方根為.【變式2】(2023·江蘇·高一假期作業(yè))SKIPIF1<0的平方根為,SKIPIF1<0的SKIPIF1<0次方根為;已知SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0;題型02根式的化簡(jiǎn)(求值)【典例1】(2023·江蘇·高一假期作業(yè))若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的值為(

)A.1 B.5 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【典例2】(2023·江蘇·高一假期作業(yè))當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0有意義時(shí),化簡(jiǎn)SKIPIF1<0的結(jié)果是(

)A.2x-5 B.-2x-1C.-1 D.5-2x【變式1】(2023·江蘇·高一假期作業(yè))若SKIPIF1<0,化簡(jiǎn)SKIPIF1<0的結(jié)果是(

)A.5-2a B.2a-5C.1 D.-1【變式2】(2023·江蘇·高一假期作業(yè))有下列說(shuō)法:①SKIPIF1<0;②16的4次方根是SKIPIF1<0;③SKIPIF1<0;④SKIPIF1<0.其中,正確的有(填序號(hào)).題型03分?jǐn)?shù)指數(shù)冪的簡(jiǎn)單計(jì)算【典例1】(多選)(2023·江蘇·高一假期作業(yè))(多選題)下列各式中一定成立的有(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【典例2】(2023·高一課時(shí)練習(xí))根式SKIPIF1<0的分?jǐn)?shù)指數(shù)冪的形式為(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【典例3】(2023秋·山西·高一校聯(lián)考期中)(1)化簡(jiǎn):SKIPIF1<0.(結(jié)果用分?jǐn)?shù)指數(shù)冪表示)(2)化簡(jiǎn):SKIPIF1<0.(結(jié)果用分?jǐn)?shù)指數(shù)冪表示)(3)求值:SKIPIF1<0.【變式1】(2023·高一單元測(cè)試)下列式子的互化正確的是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【變式2】(2023·全國(guó)·高一假期作業(yè))化簡(jiǎn)求值:(1)SKIPIF1<0;(2)SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0).【變式3】(2023·高一課時(shí)練習(xí))用分?jǐn)?shù)指數(shù)冪表示下列各式(式中字母均為正數(shù)):(1)SKIPIF1<0;(2)SKIPIF1<0;(3)SKIPIF1<0.題型04條件求值【典例1】(2023秋·河南鄭州·高一鄭州市第七中學(xué)校考期末)已知SKIPIF1<0,下列各式中正確的個(gè)數(shù)是(

)①SKIPIF1<0;②SKIPIF1<0;③SKIPIF1<0;④SKIPIF1<0;A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4【典例2】(2022秋·江蘇南通·高一江蘇省南通中學(xué)??计谥校?)求SKIPIF1<0的值;(2)已知SKIPIF1<0,求SKIPIF1<0的值.【典例3】(2022秋·江西萍鄉(xiāng)·高一江西省蓮花中學(xué)??计谥校┯?jì)算下列各式(1)SKIPIF1<0;(2)已知SKIPIF1<0,求下列各式的值:①SKIPIF1<0;②SKIPIF1<0.【變式1】(2023·全國(guó)·高三專題練習(xí))(1)計(jì)算SKIPIF1<0;(2)若SKIPIF1<0,求SKIPIF1<0的值.【變式2】(2023·全國(guó)·高三專題練習(xí))已知SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0.【變式3】(2022秋·廣西玉林·高一??计谥校┮阎猄KIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0.A夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)B能力提升A夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)一、單選題1.(2023·全國(guó)·高三專題練習(xí))化簡(jiǎn)SKIPIF1<0的結(jié)果為()A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<02.(2023·江蘇·高一假期作業(yè))化簡(jiǎn)SKIPIF1<0的結(jié)果為(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<03.(2023·高一課時(shí)練習(xí))計(jì)算SKIPIF1<0,結(jié)果是(

)A.1 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<04.(2023·全國(guó)·高一假期作業(yè))有下列四個(gè)命題:①正數(shù)的偶次方根是一個(gè)正數(shù);②正數(shù)的奇次方根是一個(gè)正數(shù);③負(fù)數(shù)的偶次方根是一個(gè)負(fù)數(shù);④負(fù)數(shù)的奇次方根是一個(gè)負(fù)數(shù).其中正確的個(gè)數(shù)是()A.0 B.1C.2 D.35.(2023·全國(guó)·高一專題練習(xí))化簡(jiǎn)SKIPIF1<0(a,b為正數(shù))的結(jié)果是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<06.(2023·全國(guó)·高三專題練習(xí))2021年5月15日,中國(guó)首次火星探測(cè)任務(wù)天問(wèn)一號(hào)探測(cè)器在火星成功著陸.截至目前,祝融號(hào)火星車在火星上留下1900多米的“中國(guó)腳印”,期待在2050年實(shí)現(xiàn)載人登陸火星.已知所有行星繞太陽(yáng)運(yùn)動(dòng)的軌道都是橢圓,且所有行星軌道的半長(zhǎng)軸的三次方與它的公轉(zhuǎn)周期的二次方的比值都相等.若火星與地球的公轉(zhuǎn)周期之比約為SKIPIF1<0,則地球運(yùn)行軌道的半長(zhǎng)軸與火星運(yùn)行軌道的半長(zhǎng)軸的比值約為(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<07.(2023·全國(guó)·高一假期作業(yè))已知SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的值是(

)A.15 B.12 C.16 D.258.(2023·全國(guó)·高三專題練習(xí))SKIPIF1<0(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0二、多選題9.(2023·江蘇·高一假期作業(yè))下列說(shuō)法正確的是()A.16的4次方根是2B.SKIPIF1<0的運(yùn)算結(jié)果是±2C.當(dāng)n為大于1的奇數(shù)時(shí),SKIPIF1<0對(duì)任意SKIPIF1<0都有意義D.當(dāng)n為大于1的偶數(shù)時(shí),SKIPIF1<0只有當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí)才有意義10.(2023·全國(guó)·高一假期作業(yè))已知SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0等于(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.1 D.SKIPIF1<0三、填空題11.(2023·高一課時(shí)練習(xí))求值:SKIPIF1<0.12.(2023·全國(guó)·高三專題練習(xí))SKIPIF1<0四、解答題13.(2023·江蘇·高一假期作業(yè))計(jì)算:(1)SKIPIF1<0;(2)SKIPIF1<014.(2023·江蘇

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