2022屆高考英語外刊時文熱點(diǎn)閱讀理解01（解析版）

備戰(zhàn)2022屆高考英語外刊時文熱點(diǎn)

閱讀理解專題01

文章1：生物浸出技術(shù)回收電子垃圾

文章2：Facebook將全力進(jìn)軍“元宇宙”

文章3：日本研發(fā)出3D打印“和牛肉”技術(shù)

文章4：圣誕游玩一一美國國家公園

（-）

生物浸出技術(shù)回收電子垃圾

“電子垃圾”是指被廢棄不再使用的電器或電子設(shè)備。根據(jù)總部位于瑞士布魯塞爾的

WEEE論壇公布的數(shù)據(jù)，在2021年，地球上平均每個人產(chǎn)生了約7.6公斤電子垃圾，這意味

著全球?qū)a(chǎn)生5740萬噸的巨量電子垃圾。如今，電子垃圾的回收問題越來越為人們所關(guān)注。

閱讀短文并回答問題

In2019,theworldgenerated54.6milliontonsofe-waste.However,just17.4percentofitwasformally

collectedandrecycled.Since2014,theamountofe-wasterecycledhasgrownby1.8milliontons—arelatively

smallamount,consideringthattheamountofe-wastegeneratedincreasedby9.2milliontonsinthesameperiod.

Globalreservesofsomeelements,suchasplatinum（車白），aresupposedtobefullyusedupwithin15yearsif

theproportionofrecycledstocksenteringproductiondoesn'tincrease.E-wasteandEVbatteriesarecurrently

recycledthroughprocessescalledpyrometallurgyandhydrometallurgy.However,theyinvolveburning

temperatureswithahighenergydemandanddeepcarbonfootprint,andpoisonouschemicalswhichareharmful

totheenvironment.Alternativesarethereforebeingsought.

AteamofscientistsfromtheUniversityofCoventryareextendingonesuchalternative.Theyhavebeen

usingnon-poisonousbacteriatooxidize（使氧化）andrecoverthepreciousmetals—aprocessknownas

“bioleaching”.Theyhaveshownthatcopperiswidelyrecoverablefrome-waste,andthatallmetalspresentinEV

batteriescanberecoveredbyusingmicrobes（微生物）.Ifextended,bioleachingfacilitieswouldmeanthat

manufacturersofEVbatteriesandotherelectronicgoodswouldbeabletorecovermetalslocally,relyinglesson

costlyexportstorecyclingcentersabroad.

“Atpresent,akeylimitationfbre-wasterecyclingisthelackofcertificationdetailingthetypesandamounts

ofmetalscontainedinelectronicgoods.Butwithanefficientrecyclingprocessappearing,manufacturershavethe

motivationtousemorerecycledmaterialintheirproducts,whichwillchangetheverydesignofelectronicsgoods.

It'saboutclosingtheloopofaproduct'slifecycle,“saidtheleaderoftheBioleachingResearchGroup,Sebastien

Farnaud.

Ultimately,bioleachingtechnologyisbornoutoftheideaofcreatingatrulycircularprocessforthethings

thatweconsume.Weneedtoshiftfromamindsetandeconomywhereweseewasteasanendproduct,toone

wherethereisn'tevenastartoranendatall.

1.Whatdothestatisticsinparagraph1indicate?

A.Peoplepaylittleattentiontoe-wasterecycling.

B.Therecyclingrateofe-wasteiscomparativelylow.

C.E-wastehascausedseriousenvironmentalproblems.

D.Theamountofe-wasteissharplyincreasingeveiyyear.

2.Whatisthedisadvantageofcurrentwaysofrecyclinge-waste?

A.Theyonlyapplytocertaine-waste.

B.Theyarenotenvironmentallyfriendly.

C.Theygeneratemetalswithacomplexprocess.

D.Theycauseasharpriseinlocaltemperatures.

3.Whatdoweknowaboutthebioleachingtechnology?

A.Ithasbeenappliedabroad.

B.Itreleasesnopoisonousgas.

C.Itrecoversmetalsbymicrobes.

D.Itpromotesthelocalexporttrade.

4.Thetextismostprobablyapartof.

A.anewsreport

B.afictionnovel

C.ahealthmagazine

D.ascientificjournal

【參考答案］BBCD

【單詞】

1.pyrometallurgyn.火法冶金術(shù)

2.hydrometallurgyn.濕法冶金術(shù)

3.coppern.銅

4.mindset〃.思維傾向

【短語】

1.increaseby增加

2.inthesameperiod在同一時期

3.bornout誕生

【長難句】

Ifextended,bioleachingfacilitieswouldmeanthatmanufacturersofEVbatteriesandotherelectronicgoods

wouldbeabletorecovermetalslocally,relyinglessoncostlyexportstorecyclingcentersabroad.

分析：該句為主從復(fù)合句。"Ifextended”為省略了主語和謂語“bioleachingfacilitieswere”的條件狀語從句，

主句為"bioleachingfacilitieswouldmean...centersabroad^^；其中“manufacturersofEVbatteries…abroad”為賓

語從句，從句中“relyinglessoncostlyexportstorecyclingcentersabroad”為現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作結(jié)果狀語。

譯文：如果生物浸出技術(shù)得到大規(guī)模應(yīng)用，這將意味著電動汽車電池和其他電子產(chǎn)品的制造商能夠就地回

收金屬成為回收場所，從而減少對國外回收中心昂貴出口的依賴。

（二）

Facebook將全力進(jìn)軍“元宇宙”

Facebook創(chuàng)始人馬克?扎克伯格近日宣布把母公司更名為Meta,并希望人們將其視為“元

宇宙公司”。元宇宙將利用VR和AR等技術(shù)創(chuàng)造“虛擬存在感”，讓在線互動更接近真實(shí)體

驗(yàn)，人們無需使用電腦，戴上頭盔便可以進(jìn)入虛擬世界做幾乎所有事情，包括工作、游戲、

聽音樂會以及和親友社交。這樣的未來你期待嗎？

閱讀短文并回答問題

Recently,FacebookhaschangeditscorporatenametoMeta.Thecompanysaiditwouldbetterinclude

whatitdoes,asitbroadensitsreachbeyondsocialmediaintoareaslikevirtualreality（VR）.TheCEOMark

Zuckerbergsaidtheexistingbrandcouldnotpossiblyrepresenteverythingthatthey9redoingtoday,letalone

inthefuture.Healsorevealedthecompany9splanstobuilda"metaverse（元宇宙）“一anonlineworld

wherepeoplecangame,workandcommunicateinavirtualenvironment.

Theterm“metaverse“wasinventedbyauthorNealStephensoninSnowCrash,asciencefiction

publishedin1992.Inthework,themetaverseisasortof3Dvirtualworld.Ifsnotsimplyavirtualreality

gamebutisapersistentandsharedvirtualworld.Orrather,themetaverseisawholeuniverseofshared

virtualspacesseeminglylinkedtogether—youcould,essentially,teleport（瞬移）betweenthem.

Metaversecombinedattheveryleastfivetechnologies—theyaresocialmedia,onlinegame,

AugmentedReality(AR),VirtualReality(VR)andcryptocurrency(加密貨幣).Thosetechnologieswill

bringuserstoaninteractiveworld.ARandVRarevitalforMetaverse.VRservestopresentthevirtual

worldvisuallyandthenARwillprovidetheaudioandsensorsforpeopletobeabletointeract.With

Metaverse,Facebookwilloffernotonlyatextingservicebutalsoamulti-perspectivevirtualtouchthatfeels

likearealthing.

Facebooksaidthatitplanstocreate10,000jobsinEuropeoverthenextfiveyearstoworkon

metaverse-relatedendeavours.ThecompanyalsohasintroducedOculus-brandedvirtual-realityheadsets,and

itjoinedwithRay-Bantodevelopsmartsunglassesthatwentonsalefor$299."Overtime,Ihopethatwe

areseenasametaversecompanyandIwanttoanchorourworkandouridentityonwhatwe'rebuilding

towards,MarkZuckerbergsaid."Iviewthisworkascriticaltoourmissionbecausedeliveringasenseof

presence—likeyou'rerighttherewithanotherperson—that'sthehighestgoalofonlinesocial

experiences,hesaid.

1.WhyhasFacebookchangeditscorporatename?

A.Toleadthegamingindustry.

B.Tocoveritsextendedbusiness.

C.Toimproveitscorporateimage.

D.Toattractinvestmentforitsnewplans.

2.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?

A.TheintroductiontotheVRgame.

B.Thefuturewith3Dvirtualworld.

C.Theoriginoftheword"metaverse”.

D.TheimportanceofthenovelSnowCrash.

3.WhatdoweknowaboutMetaverse?

A.Ithasawiderangeofapplications.

B.Itofferspeopledeeplyinteractiveexperiences.

C.Itenablespeopletoenjoyafreetextingservice.

D.Itusesthefivetechnologiestoexploretheuniverse.

4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A.Therewillbefiercecompetitioninthemetaversemarket.

B.Facebookwillfocusondesigningvirtualdevices.

C.Facebookwillbedevotedtodevelopingthemetaverse.

D.Metaversewillbethecenterofonlineexperiencestudies.

【參考答案［BCBC

【單詞】

1.persistentadj.持續(xù)的

2.audio".聲音

3.sensorn.傳感器

4.headsetn.耳機(jī)

5.anchoru使固定

【短語】

1.letalone更不必說

2.orrather更精確地說

3.goonsale出售

【知識拓展】

cryptocurrency

加密貨幣，是一種不依靠法定貨幣機(jī)構(gòu)發(fā)行，不受央行管控的虛擬貨幣。它依據(jù)全世界的計(jì)算機(jī)

運(yùn)算一組方程式開源代碼，通過計(jì)算機(jī)顯卡、cpu大量的運(yùn)算處理產(chǎn)生，并使用密碼學(xué)的設(shè)計(jì)來確保

貨幣流通各個環(huán)節(jié)。基于密碼學(xué)的設(shè)計(jì)可以使加密貨幣職能被真實(shí)的擁有者轉(zhuǎn)移或支付。最早的加密

貨幣是2009年的比特幣。

（三）

日本研發(fā)出3D打印“和牛肉”技術(shù)

日本和牛是當(dāng)今世界公認(rèn)的品質(zhì)最好的良種肉牛之一。近日，日本的研究人員成功制造

出了3D打印“和牛肉”，這種人造肉的垂直切片與真實(shí)的和牛肉非常相像。讓我們一起來看

看吧。

閱讀短文并回答問題

ScientistsbasedinJapan'sOsakaUniversityhavefoundawayto3Dprintedwagyu（和牛）beefinalab

一asteptheybelievewillonedayhelpmakewidelyavailableandsustainably-producedcutsofcultured

meatthatcloselyresembleoriginalproducts.

Usingstemcellsthattheytookfromwagyucows,thescientistssetouttocreateastructurewiththe

characteristicmarblingseeninwagyubeefthatsetsitapartfromothercutsofbeef.Byisolatingbeefcells,

thescientistsorganizedthemuscles,bloodvessels,andfat.Theresearchersthenshapedthesetissuesintothe

formofasteakbyusingatechniquecalled3Dbioprinting,wherecellstructurescanbelayered(分層)to

resemblerealtissuesinlivingthings.

Wagyubeefisknowntobeextremelyexpensive,withwagyusellingforupto$200perpoundandadult

cowssellingfbrmorethan$30,000.In2019,Japan'swagyuexportsreachedarecordhighof$268.8million

inprofits,up20%from2018.Thismightbethefirstcutofwagyubeefevertobe3D-printed.The

researchersbelievethatprovingthatawagyubeefcanbeaccurately3D-printedcouldbeabigsteptowarda

sustainablefuturewhereculturedmeatcanbecreatedthatcloselyresemblesexistingproducts.

3Dprintedwagyubeeforiginatesfromrealmeatandisalsodifferentfromplant-basedoptions."By

improvingthistechnology,itwillbepossibletonotonlyreproducecomplexmeatstructures,suchasthe

beautifulmarblingofwagyubeefbuttoalsomakesmalladjustmentstothefotandmusclecomponents/9

MichiyaMatsusaki,oneoftheproject9sresearchers,saidinastatement.MichiyaMatsusakiaddedthatwith

theseadjustments,customersmightonedaybeabletoorderaculturedcutofmeatwiththeamountoffat

theydesire,tailor-made(特制的)totheirtastesandhealthconcerns.

However,itmightbeawhilebeforeonecansinktheirteethintoacutofbioprintedbeef.TheUnited

StatesDepartmentofAgriculture(USDA)andtheFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)havenotcreateda

regulatoryframeworkfortheseproductsyet,accordingtoTheWashingtonPost.

1.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?

A.Thecharacteristicsofwagyubeef.

B.Theprocessof3Dprintingwagyubeef.

C.Theadvantagesof3Dbioprintingtechnique.

D.Thedifficultiesoftakingcellsfromwagyucows.

2.Whydoestheauthorlistnumbersinparagraph3?

A.ToexplaintheeffectofexporttradeonJapan.

B.TostressthehighcostsofraisingcowsinJapan.

C.Toprovethehugeinvestmentin3Dprintedproducts.

D.Toshowthepotentialvalueof3Dprintedwagyubeef.

3.Whatdoweknowabout3D-printingtechnologyaccordingtoMatsusaki?

A.Itcankeepallthenutritionofbeef.

B.Itcanbeappliedtoplant-basedmeat.

C.Itrelievesworldwideshortageoffood.

D.Itmaymeetindividuals9particulardemandsforbeef.

4.Whatisthelimitationofthebioprintedbeef?

A.Ithasn'tbeenunderregulations.

B.Ittastesworsethanrealbeef.

C.Ittakestoomuchtimetoproduce.

D.Itmaybeharmfultohuman'steeth.

【參考答案工BDDA

【單詞】

1.marblingn.大理石紋飾；仿大理石（裝飾）

2.isolate比使（某物質(zhì)、細(xì)胞等）分離

【短語】

1.culturedmeat人造肉

2.stemcells干細(xì)胞

3.bloodvessels血管

【長難句】

Theresearchersbelievethatprovingthatawagyubeefcanbeaccurately3D-printedcouldbeabigstep

towardasustainablefuturewherelotsofculturedmeatcanbecreatedthatcloselyresemblesexisting

products.

分析：“Theresearchers"為主語，"believe"為謂語，"thatprovingthata...resemblesexistingproducts”為賓

語從句；在賓語從句中，"provingthatawagyubeefcanbeaccurately3D-printed”為從句中的主語，其中

的"thatawagyubeefcanbeaccurately3D-printed”為prove后面的賓語從句；“wherelotsofculturedmeat

canbecreated”為定語從句，修飾先行詞"future"；“thatcloselyresemblesexistingproducts”為定語從句，

修飾先行詞"culturedmeat”。

譯文：研究人員認(rèn)為，證明3D打印技術(shù)可以精準(zhǔn)打印和牛肉是朝著可持續(xù)發(fā)展的未來邁出的一大步。

在未來，人們可以制造出許多與現(xiàn)有產(chǎn)品非常相似的人工肉。

【知識拓展】

1.OsakaUniversity

大阪大學(xué)，是一所本部位于日本大阪府吹田市的綜合性研究型大學(xué)，也是日本規(guī)模最大的國立大

學(xué)，在世界上占有重要的學(xué)術(shù)地位。

2.TheUnitedStatesD叩artmentofAgriculture（USDA）

美國農(nóng)業(yè)部，是聯(lián)邦政府內(nèi)閣15個部之一，是美國重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)管理部門。它是按照法律設(shè)置的，

機(jī)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定，職能明確，其主要職能是通過對農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的支持，提高美國人民的生活質(zhì)量。

3.FoodandDrugAdministration（FDA）

食品藥品監(jiān)督管理局，是由美國國會授權(quán)，專門從事食品與藥品管理的最高執(zhí)法機(jī)關(guān)，也是一個

由醫(yī)生、律師、微生物學(xué)家、化學(xué)家和統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)家等專業(yè)人士組成的致力于保護(hù)、促進(jìn)和提高國民健康

的政府衛(wèi)生管制的監(jiān)控機(jī)構(gòu)。

（四）

圣誕游玩—美國國家公園

在圣誕來臨之際，美國國家公園推出了一些各具特色的圣誕游玩體驗(yàn)，讓游客們享受一

個美麗與和平的歡樂慶典。一起來看看這些壯麗的國家公園吧！

閱讀短文并回答問題

TheBestAmericanNationalParkstoVisitforChristmas

TheChristmasseasoncanbestressfulifyouspendeverymomentcleaning,cooking,andhosting

guests.Ortheholidayscanbeajoyfulcelebrationofbeautyandpeaceifyouplananescapetooneof

America'ssplendidnationalparks.

YellowstoneNationalPark

DreamingofawhiteChristmas?Yellowstone,thecountry'sfirstnationalpark,isyourtopchoice.Your

familycanenjoyaquietandprivategetaway（假日休閑地）atOldFaithfulSnowLodge&Cabins.Sitbythe

firewithhotcocoaandlookoutatthevastwildernessallaroundyou.Alsoyoucanphotographbisonand

otherwildlifeonawinterphotosafari.

RockyMountainNationalPark

Ifyoureallywanttogetawayfromitallovertheholidays,planatriptoaparklesstraveledinthe

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moose（麋鹿）initsnaturalhabitatisanexperienceyouwon'tforget.Sleddingandskiingarealsoexciting

possibilities.

GrandCanyonNationalPark

GrandCanyonNationalParkoffersafunholidayexperienceforfamilies.FamiliescangetonthePolar

ExpressthatrunsfromArizonatotheSouthRimoftheparkthroughearlyJanuaryandenjoyapleasantride

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giftforeachchild.It9sthebestwayforyourkidstoenjoythemagicofChristmas.

VirginIslandsNationalPark

Ifsnowisn'tyourthing,don'tworry.VirginIslandsNationalParkisperfectforyoutoescapewinter.

Withwhitesandybeaches,clearbluewater,andmorethan800sub