上傳人：無(wú)***

認(rèn)證信息

認(rèn)證類型：個(gè)人認(rèn)證

認(rèn)證主體：方**（實(shí)名認(rèn)證）

IP屬地：河北

IP屬地：河北 上傳時(shí)間：2023-11-25 格式：PDF 頁(yè)數(shù)：31 大?。?.71MB 積分：12 舉報(bào) 版權(quán)申訴

2022考研英語(yǔ)一3月入學(xué)?？几酱鸢?/p>

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonthe

ANSWERSHEET(10points)

Generally,acomputerisanydevicethatcanperformnumericalcalculations.」-however,thetermusually

refers_2_anelectronicdevicethatcan_3_aseriesoftasksaccordingtoa_4_setofinstructions.

In1953therewereonlyabout100computersinuseinthe_5_world.Todayhundredsofmillionsof

computers_6_inhomes,schools,businesses,governmentoffices,anduniversitiesforalmost

every_7_purpose.

Moderndesktoppersonalcomputers,orPCs,are_8_thanthehuge,million-dollarbusinesscomputersof

the1960sand1970s.MostPCscanperformfrom400milliontoseveralbillion_9_persecond.These

computersareusednotonlyforhousehold_10_andpersonalentertainment,butalsoformostofthe

automatedtasks_l1_bysmall

businesses.Thefastestdesktopcomputersarecalledworkstations,andtheyare_12_usedfbrscientific,

engineering,oradvancedbusiness_13_.

Thespeedandpowerofsupercomputers,thefastestclassofcomputer,arealmost_14_human

comprehension,andtheir_15_arecontinuallybeing_16_.Thefastestofthesemachinescanperformmore

than7trillion-andtheoreticallycanrunmorethan12trillion-operationspersecondandcanstore6trillion

charactersinitsmemory,_17_ittodotheworkofthousandsofPCs.Supercomputers_18_these

speeds_19_theuseofseveraladvancedengineeringtechniques.Becausetheycancostbillionsofdollars-and

becausetheycanbelargeenoughtocoverthesizeoftwobasketballcourts-supercomputersareused_40_by

governmentagenciesandlargeresearchcenters.

第1題

1.[A]Currently[B]Consequently[C]Conceivably[D]Clearly

[參考答案]A

[答案解析]

【解析】該句的意思是：一般來(lái)說(shuō)，任何可以執(zhí)行數(shù)字計(jì)算的裝置都可以稱為計(jì)算機(jī)。但是，現(xiàn)在,

這個(gè)詞一般是指能夠按照一系列精確的指令執(zhí)行一系列任務(wù)的電子裝置。[B]Consequently“后來(lái)”;

?Conceivably”可以想象得到“，[D]Clearly”很明顯地”。從邏輯關(guān)系上來(lái)看，只有currently最合適。

第2題

2.[A]in[B]at[C]as[D]to

[參考答案]D

[答案解析]

【解析】此題考察toreferto"涉及；提到”這一固定搭配。

第3題

3.[A]perform[B]conduct[C]achieve[D]fulfill

[參考答案]A

[答案解析]

【解析】perform"做；執(zhí)行;表演；指揮;操作“，[B]conduct”行為;處理；引導(dǎo)；指揮；導(dǎo)電"，[C]

achieve“完成，達(dá)到“，[D]fblfiD"實(shí)踐,履行，實(shí)行，結(jié)束，滿足，完成，達(dá)到“，只有[A]符合文意。

第4題

4.[A]rigid[B]serious[C]precise[D]harsh

[參考答案]C

[答案解析]

【解析】precise精確的，準(zhǔn)確的，符合文意。[A]rigid"剛硬的，剛性的，嚴(yán)格的”。

第5題

5.[A]entire[B]complete[C]total[D]general

[參考答案]A

[答案解析]

【解析】該句的意思是:在1953年，全世界只有大約100臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)?！叭澜?用entireworldo[B]complete

強(qiáng)調(diào)“完整性"，[C]total強(qiáng)調(diào)“合計(jì)，總計(jì)“，[D]general"一般的，普通的，綜合的，概括的，全面的，

大體的

第6題

6.[A]aretobeused[B]arebeingused[C]havebeenusing[D]used

[參考答案]B

[答案解析]

【解析】該句的意思是：如今，家庭，學(xué)校，企業(yè)，政府，大學(xué)使用著上億的計(jì)算機(jī)，而它們的用途

多種多樣，幾乎所有你可以想象的用途?！罢诒皇褂弥?'用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。

第7題

7.[A]perceptive[B]conceivable[C]inevitablefD]imaginary

[參考答案]B

[答案解析]

【解析】conceivable”可能的，想得到的,可想像的“，符合題意。[A]perceptive”感覺敏銳的；觀察入

微的"，[C]inevitable"不可避免的，必然的"，[D]imaginary"假想的，想象的,虛構(gòu)的“，均與題意不

符。

第8題

8.

[A]manytimesmorepowerful

fB]manymoretimespowerful

[C]powerfulmanymoretimes

[DJpowerfulmoremanytimes

[參考答案]A

[答案解析]

【解析】該句的意思是：現(xiàn)代的臺(tái)式個(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī)，或者PC,比二十世紀(jì)六十年代和七十年代那些巨

型的，價(jià)值數(shù)百萬(wàn)的商用計(jì)算機(jī)功能強(qiáng)大很多倍。“很多倍”，用manytimesmore…后面加形容詞。

第9題

9.[A]exercises[B]missions[C]errands[D]operations

[參考答案]D

[答案解析]

【解析】該句的意思是：大多數(shù)個(gè)人電腦每秒可以實(shí)現(xiàn)四億到幾十億次的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。和perform搭配的名

詞，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,operation最恰當(dāng)。[B]mission"特使團(tuán)”，[C]errand”差事，差使，使命“，不和題意。

第10題

10.[A]management[B]execution[C]application[D]manipulation

[參考答案]A

[答案解析]

【解析】該句的意思是：這些電腦不僅用于家庭管理和個(gè)人娛樂(lè)，而且用于企業(yè)多數(shù)的自動(dòng)完成的任

務(wù)。Management”經(jīng)營(yíng),管理，處理,操縱”，符合題意。[B]execution”實(shí)行,完成,執(zhí)行，死刑"，[C]

application”請(qǐng)求,申請(qǐng),申請(qǐng)表，應(yīng)用，運(yùn)用"，[D]manipulation"處理，操作，操縱，被操縱

第11題

11.[A]claimed[B]necessitated[C]required[D]requested

[參考答案]C

[答案解析]

【解析】required"需要”用require最恰當(dāng)。[A]claim”（根據(jù)權(quán)利）要求，認(rèn)領(lǐng)，聲稱，主張“，[B]

necessitated”使需要；使成為必需”。

第12題

12.[A]inclusively[B]generally[C]totally[D]entirely

[參考答案]B

[答案解析]

【解析】該句的意思是：最快的計(jì)算機(jī)被稱為工作站。它們一般被用于科學(xué)，工程，或者高級(jí)商務(wù)。

[B]符合題意。[A]inclusively"包含地，在內(nèi)地”。

第13題

13.[A]employments[B]exercises[C]usages[D]applications

[參考答案]D

[答案解析]

【解析】applications“應(yīng)用”一般用application。Usage一般指語(yǔ)言的“使用，用法

第14題

14.[A]beyond[B]without[C]over[D]out

[參考答案]A

[答案解析]

【解析】該句的意思是：最快的計(jì)算機(jī)，也就是超級(jí)計(jì)算機(jī)的速度和潛力，幾乎是人類所無(wú)法想象的。

Beyondsb'scomprehension"是...無(wú)法想象的“。

第15題

15.[A]capabilities[B]qualifications[C]skills[D]vacancies

[參考答案]A

[答案解析]

【解析】該句的意思是：它們的性能還在日新月異地改進(jìn)。C叩ability"（實(shí)際）能力，性能，容量，接受

力”,符合題意。[B]qualification"資格，條件，限制，限定，賦予資格"，[C]skill"技能，技巧，熟練,

巧妙（多用于人）”，[D]vacancy“空，空白，空缺，空閑”。

第16題

16.[A]propelled[B]boosted[C]improved[D]enriched

[參考答案]C

[答案解析]

【解析】improved“提高”，“改進(jìn)”，“改善”，符合題意。[A]propel”推進(jìn)，驅(qū)使"，[B]boost"往上推;

增加；提高"，[D]enrich"使富足，使肥沃，使豐富”。

第17題

17.[A]thatallows[B]allows[C]toallow[D]allowing

[參考答案]D

[答案解析]

【解析】該句的意思是：最快的計(jì)算機(jī)每秒可以進(jìn)行7萬(wàn)億次運(yùn)算一理論上說(shuō)，可以達(dá)到12萬(wàn)億次

—可以在內(nèi)存中儲(chǔ)藏6萬(wàn)億字符，從而允許它完成數(shù)千臺(tái)個(gè)人電腦的工作。Allowing為分詞，引導(dǎo)從

句修飾主句。

第18題

18.[A]obtain[B]attain[C]win[D]secure

[參考答案]B

[答案解析]

【解析】該句的意思是：超級(jí)計(jì)算機(jī)是通過(guò)使用幾種先進(jìn)的工程技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)這么快的速度的?！睂?shí)現(xiàn)某

種速度”，可以用attain或achieve0

第19題

19.[A]at[B]on[C]with[D]through

[參考答案]D

[答案解析]

【解析】through“通過(guò)”最常用的介詞為through,本文中也符合題意。

第20題

20.[A]primarily[B]conditionally[C]initially[D]fundamentally

[參考答案]A

[答案解析]

【解析】該句的意思是：因?yàn)樗鼈兛赡軆r(jià)值數(shù)億美元，同時(shí)也因?yàn)樗鼈凅w積巨大，可以覆蓋兩個(gè)籃球

場(chǎng)，超級(jí)計(jì)算機(jī)主要是政府機(jī)關(guān)和大型研究中心使用的。根據(jù)題意，選[A]。其他選項(xiàng)[B]conditionally“有

條件地"，[C]initially"最初，開頭"，[D]fundamentally“基礎(chǔ)地，根本地”。

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions.

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.Markyour

answersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

Tennessee'stechnicalandcommunitycollegeswillnotoutsourcemanagementoftheirfacilitiestoa

privatecompany,adecisiononeleadersaidwasbolsteredbyananalysisofspendingateachcampus.

InanemailsentMondaytocollegepresidentsintheTennesseeBoardofRegentssystem,outgoing

ChancellorJohnMorgansaidaninternalanalysisshowedthateachcampus9spendingonfacilities

managementfellwellbelowtheindustrystandardsidentifiedbythestate.Morgansaidthose

findings—whichincludeddatafromthesystem's13communitycolleges,27technicalcollegesandsix

universities—werepartofthedecisionnottomoveforwardwithGovernorBillHaslam'sproposalto

privatizemanagementofstatebuildingsinanefforttosavemoney.

“Whilethesenumbersarestillbeingvalidatedbythestate,wefeelanyadjustmentstheymightsuggest

willbeimmaterial,Morganwrotetothepresidents."Systeminstitutionsareoperatingveryefficientlybased

onthisanalysis,raisingthequestionofthevalueofpursuingabroadscaleoutsourcinginitiative.^^

Worker'sadvocateshavecriticizedHaslam'splan,sayingitwouldmeansomecampusworkerswould

losetheirjobsorbenefits.Haslamhassaidcollegeswouldbefreetooptinoroutoftheoutsouringplan,

whichhasnotbeenfinalized.

MorgannotifiedtheHaslamadministrationofhisdecisiontooptoutinalettersentlastweek.Thatletter,

whichincludesseveralconcernsMorganhaswiththeplan,wasoriginallyobtainedbyTheCommercial

AppealinMemphis.

Inanemailstatementfromthestate'sOfficeofCustomerFocusedGovernment,whichisexaminingthe

possibilityofoutsourcing,spokeswomanMichelleR.Martinsaidofficialswerestillworkingtoanalyzethe

datafromtheBoardofRegents.Dataonmanagementexpensesatthecollegesystemandinotherstate

departmentswillbepartofa"businessjustificationnthestatewilluseasofficialsdeliberatethespecificsof

anoutsourcingplan.

“Thestate'sfacilitiesmanagementprojectteamisstillintheprocessofdevelopingitsbusiness

justificationandexpectstohavethatcompletedandavailabletothepublicattheendofFebruary,Martin

said."Atthistimethereisnothingtotakeactiononsincetheanalysishasyettobecompleted.^^

Morgan'scommentsonoutsourcingmarkthesecondtimethismonththathehascomeoutagainstoneof

Haslam'splansfbrhighereducationinTennessee.Morgansaidlastweekthathewouldretireattheendof

Januarybecauseofthegovernor'sproposaltosplitoffsixuniversitiesoftheBoardofRegentssystemand

createseparategoverningboardsforeachofthem.Inhisresignationletter,Morgancalledthereorganization

“unworkable”.

第21題

21.WhatdowelearnaboutthedecisionoftechnicalandcommunitycollegesinTennessee?

A.Itisbackedbyacampusspendinganalysis.

B.Ithasbeenflatlyrejectedbythegovernor.

C.Ithasneglectedtheirfaculty'sdemands.

D.Itwillimprovetheirfinancialsituation.

［參考答案］A

［答案解析］

【解析】由題干中的關(guān)鍵詞decision,technicalandcommunitycolleges,Tennessee可定位至第一段。A

選項(xiàng)中的backed與原文中的bolstered同義，因此選A。

第22題

22.Whatdoesthecampusspendinganalysisreveal?

A.Privatecompaniesplayabigroleincampusmanagement.

B.Facilitiesmanagementbycollegesismorecost-effective.

C.Facilitiesmanagementhasgreatlyimprovedinrecentyears.

D.Collegesexercisefoilcontrolovertheirownfinancialaffairs.

［參考答案］B

［答案解析］

【解析】由題干中的關(guān)鍵詞campusspendinganalysis,reveal可以定位至原文的第二段。題干中的reveal

對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的showed。因此選B。

第23題

23.Workers5supportersarguethatBillHaslam'sproposalwould.

A)deprivecollegesoftherighttomanagetheirfacilities

B)makeworkerslessmotivatedinperformingduties

C)renderanumberofcampusworkersjobless

D)leadtotheprivatizationofcampusfacilities

［參考答案］C

［答案解析］

【解析】由題干中的關(guān)鍵詞Workers5supporters,BillHaslam'sproposal可以定位至第四段。該段的第

一句指出，工人擁護(hù)者已經(jīng)批判了哈斯拉姆的計(jì)劃，他們表示這將意味著一些校園工人可能會(huì)失去他

們的工作或利益。因此選C。

第24題

24.Whatdowelearnfromthestatespokeswoman'sresponsetoJohnMorgan'sdecision?

A)Theoutsourcingplanisnotyetfinalized.

B)Theoutsourcingplanwillbeimplemented.

C)Thestateofficialsareconfidentabouttheoutsourcingplan.

D)Thecollegespendinganalysisjustifiestheoutsourcingplan.

［參考答案］A

［答案解析］

【解析】由題干中的關(guān)鍵詞spokeswoman可定位至第六段。該段指出，發(fā)言人MichelleR.

Martin表示官員們還在分析評(píng)議委員會(huì)的數(shù)據(jù)。大學(xué)體系和其他州相關(guān)部門的管理費(fèi)用數(shù)據(jù)將會(huì)是

“商業(yè)理由”的一部分，田納西州會(huì)用此來(lái)研討外包計(jì)劃的細(xì)節(jié)。這說(shuō)明，外包計(jì)劃還在討論中，尚

未成定論，因此選A。

第25題

21.WhydidJohnMorgandecidetoresign?

A)HehadlostconfidenceintheTennesseestategovernment.

B)Hedisagreedwiththegovernoronhighereducationpolicies.

C)Hethoughtthestate'soutsourcingproposalwassimplyunworkable.

D)Heopposedthegovernor'splantoreconstructthecollegeboardsystem.

［參考答案］D

［答案解析］

【解析】由題干中的關(guān)鍵詞JohnMorgan,resign可定位至最后一段。該段的最后一句指出，在他的辭

職信中，摩根表示這一重組計(jì)劃“不切實(shí)際”。言外之意就是反對(duì)州長(zhǎng)重組大學(xué)董事會(huì)的計(jì)劃。因此

選D。

Text2

Beginninginthelatesixteenthcentury,itbecamefashionableforyoungaristocratstovisitParis,Venice,

Florence,andaboveall,Rome,astheculminationoftheirclassicaleducation.Thuswasbomtheideaofthe

GrandTour,apracticewhichintroducedEnglishmen,Germans,Scandinavians,andalsoAmericanstothe

artandcultureofFranceandItalyforthenext300years.Travelwasarduousandcostlythroughoutthe

period,possibleonlyforaprivilegedclass一thesamethatproducedgentlemenscientists,authors,antique

experts,andpatronsofthearts.

TheGrandTouristwastypicallyayoungmanwithathoroughgroundinginGreekandLatinliteratureas

wellassomeleisuretime,somemeans,andsomeinterestinart.TheGermantravelerJohannWinckelmann

pioneeredthefieldofarthistorywithhiscomprehensivestudyofGreekandRomansculpture;hewas

portrayedbyhisfriendAntonRaphaelMengsatthebeginningofhislongresidenceinRome.MostGrand

Tourists,however,stayedforbrieferperiodsandsetoutwithlessscholarlyintentions,accompaniedbya

teacherorguardian,andexpectedtoreturnhomewithsouvenirsoftheirtravelsaswellasanunderstanding

ofartandarchitectureformedbyexposuretogreatmasterpieces.

LondonwasafrequentstartingpointforGrandTourists,andParisacompulsorydestination;many

traveledtotheNetherlands,sometoSwitzerlandandGermany,andaveryfewadventurerstoSpain,Greece,

orTurkey.Theessentialplacetovisit,however,wasItaly.TheBritishtravelerCharlesThompsonspokefor

manyGrandTouristswhenin1744hedescribedhimselfas“beingimpatientlydesirousofviewingacountry

sofamousinhistory,acountrywhichoncegavelawstotheworld,andwhichisatpresentthegreatest

schoolofmusicandpainting,containsthenoblestproductionsofsculptureandarchitecture,andisfilled

withcabinetsofrarities,andcollectionsofallkindsofhistoricalrelics”.WithinItaly,thegreatfocuswas

Rome,whoseancientruinsandmorerecentachievementswereshowntoeveryGrandTourist.Panini's

AncientRomeandModemRomerepresentthesightsmostprized,includingcelebratedGreco-Roman

statuesandviewsoffamousruins,fountains,andchurches.

SincetherewerefewmuseumsanywhereinEuropebeforethecloseoftheeighteenthcentury,Grand

Touristsoftensawpaintingsandsculpturesbygainingadmissiontoprivatecollections,andmanywereeager

toacquireexamplesofGreco-RomanandItalianartfortheirowncollections.InEngland,wherearchitecture

wasincreasinglyseenasanaristocraticpursuit,noblemenoftenappliedwhattheylearnedfromthevillasof

PalladiointheVenetoandtheevocativeruinsofRometotheirowncountryhousesandgardens.

第26題

26.WhatissaidabouttheGrandTour?

A)Itwasfashionableamongyoungpeopleofthetime.

B)Itwasunaffordableforordinarypeople.

C)ItproducedsomefamousEuropeanartists.

D)Itmadeacompulsorypartofcollegeeducation.

［參考答案］B

［答案解析］

【解析】由題干中的關(guān)鍵詞theGrandTour定位至第一段第二句。由此可知，大旅行對(duì)于一般人來(lái)說(shuō)

是負(fù)擔(dān)不起的。故選B。

第27題

27.WhatdidGrandTouristshaveincommon?

A)Theyhadmuchgeographicknowledge.

B)Theywerecourageousandventuresome.

C)Theywereversedinliteratureandinterestedinart.

D)Theyhadenoughtravelandoutdoor-lifeexperience.

［參考答案］c

［答案解析］

【解析】由題干中的關(guān)鍵詞GrandTourists定位至第二段第一句。選項(xiàng)C是對(duì)原文的同義表述，其中

wereversedin對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的athoroughgroundingin。故選Co

第28題

28.HowdidGrandTouristsbenefitfromtheirtravel?

A)Theyfoundinspirationintheworld'sgreatestmasterpieces.

B)Theygotabetterunderstandingofearlyhumancivilization.

C)Theydevelopedaninterestintheoriginofmodemartforms.

D)Theygainedsomeknowledgeofclassicalartandarchitecture.

［參考答案］D

［答案解析］

【解析】由題干中的關(guān)鍵詞benefitfromtheirtravel定位至第二段最后一句。選項(xiàng)D是對(duì)原文的同義改

寫，其中knowledge對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的understandingo故選D。

第29題

29.WhydidmanyGrandTouristsvisittheprivatecollections?

A)Theycouldbuyuniquesouvenirstheretotakebackhome.

B)Europehardlyhadanymuseumsbeforethe19thcentury.

C)Theyfoundtheantiquestheremorevaluable.

D)Privatecollectionswereofgreatervariety.

［參考答案］B

［答案解析］

【解析】由題干中的關(guān)鍵詞theprivatecollections定位至第三段倒數(shù)第二句。選項(xiàng)中的hardly和before

the19thcentury分別對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的few和beforethecloseoftheeighteenthcenturyo故選B。

第30題

30.HowdidtheGrandTourinfluencethearchitectureinEngland?

A)ThereappearedmoreandmoreRoman-stylebuildings.

B)ManyaristocratsbegantomoveintoRoman-stylevillas.

C)Aristocrats,countryhousesallhadRoman-stylegardens.

D)Italianarchitectswerehiredtodesignhousesandgardens.

［參考答案］A

［答案解析］

【解析】由題干中的關(guān)鍵詞influencethearchitectureinEngland定位至第三段最后一句。由此可知，在

英國(guó)會(huì)有越來(lái)越多的羅馬風(fēng)格的建筑，選項(xiàng)A是對(duì)原文的延展推理。故選A。

Text3

Opendatasharersarestillintheminorityinmanyfields.Althoughmanyresearchersbroadlyagreethat

publicaccesstorawdatawouldacceleratescience,mostarereluctanttoposttheresultsoftheirownlabors

online.

Somecommunitieshaveagreedtoshareonline一geneticists,forexample,postDNAsequencesatthe

GenBankrepository,andastronomersareaccustomedtoaccessingimagesofgalaxiesandstarsfrom,say,

theSloanDigitalSkySurvey,atelescopethathasobservedsome500millionobjects---buttheseremainthe

exception,nottherule.Historically,scientistshaveobjectedtosharingformanyreasons:itisalotofwork;

untilrecently,gooddatabasesdidnotexist;grantfunderswerenotpushingforsharing;ithasbeendifficult

toagreeonstandardsforformattingdata;andthereisnoagreedwaytoassigncreditfordata.

Butthebarriersaredisappearing,inpartbecausejournalsandfundingagenciesworldwideare

encouragingscientiststomaketheirdatapublic.Lastyear,theRoyalSocietyinLondonsaidinitsreportthat

scientistsneedto“shiftawayfromaresearchculturewheredataisviewedasaprivatepreserve^^.

Fundingagenciesnotethatdatapaidfbrwithpublicmoneyshouldbepublicinformation,andthe

scientificcommunityisrecognizingthatdatacannowbeshareddigitallyinwaysthatwerenotpossible

before.Tomatchthegrowingdemand,servicesarespringinguptomakeiteasiertopublishresearch

productsonlineandenableotherresearcherstodiscoverandcitethem.

Althoughcallstosharedataoftenconcentrateonthemoraladvantagesofsharing,thepracticeisnot

purelyaltruistic.Researcherswhosharegetplentyofpersonalbenefits,includingmoreconnectionswith

colleagues,improvedvisibilityandincreasedcitations.Themostsuccessfulsharersthosewhosedataare

downloadedandcitedthemostoften---getnoticed,andtheirworkgetsused.Forexample,oneofthemost

populardatasetsonmultidisciplinaryrepositoryDryadisaboutwooddensityaroundtheworld;ithasbeen

downloaded5,700times.Co-authorAmyZannethinksthatusersprobablyrangefromclimate-change

researcherswantingtoestimatehowmuchcarbonisstoredinbiomass,toforesterslookingforinformation

ondifferentgradesoftimber."I'dmuchprefertohavemydatausedbythemaximumnumberofpeopleto

asktheirownquestions,9,shesays."It'simportanttoallowreadersandreviewerstoseeexactlyhow

youarriveatyourresults.Publishingdataandcodeallowsyoursciencetobereproducible.

Evenpeoplewhosedataarelesspopularcanbenefit.Bymakingtheefforttoorganizeandlabelfilesso

otherscanunderstandthem,scientistsbecomemoreorganizedandbetterdisciplinedthemselves,thus

avoidingconfusionlateron.

第31題

31.Whatdomanyresearchersgenerallyaccept?

A)Itisimperativetoprotectscientists5patents.

B)Repositoriesareessentialtoscientificresearch.

C)Opendatasharingismostimportanttomedicalscience.

D)Opendatasharingisconducivetoscientificadvancement.

［參考答案］D

［答案解析］

【解析】由題干中的關(guān)鍵詞manyresearchers,generallyaccept可定位至原文的第一段。D項(xiàng)中的is

conducivetoscientificadvancement對(duì)應(yīng)原文的acceleratescience0因止匕選D。

第32題

32.Whatistheattitudeofmostresearcherstowardsmakingtheirowndatapublic?

A)Opposed.

B)Ambiguous.

C)Liberal.

D)Neutral

［參考答案］A

［答案解析］

【解析】本題定位至原文第一段的最后：但是大部分研究人員仍不愿意將自己的勞動(dòng)成果放在網(wǎng)上。

此外，第二段的第二句說(shuō)到，科學(xué)家曾經(jīng)給出許多反對(duì)共享的原因……。這充分說(shuō)明大部分研究人員

反對(duì)公開他們的數(shù)據(jù)。因此選A。

第33題

33.Accordingtothepassage,whatmighthinderopendatasharing?

A)Thefearofmassivecopying.

B)Thelackofaresearchculture.

C)Thebeliefthatresearchdataisprivateintellectualproperty.

D)Theconcernthatcertainagenciesmaymakeaprofitoutofit.

［參考答案］c

［答案解析］

【解析】本題定位至原文的第三段。其中原文中的“將數(shù)據(jù)視為私人所有的研究文化”也就是“認(rèn)為研

究數(shù)據(jù)是privateintellectualproperty的觀點(diǎn)，因此選Co

第34題

34.Whathelpsliftsomeofthebarrierstoopendatasharing?

A)Theever-growingdemandforbigdata.

B)Theadvancementofdigitaltechnology.

C)Thechangingattitudeofjournalsandfunders.

D)Thetrendofsocialandeconomicdevelopment.

［參考答案］C

［答案解析］

【解析】由題干中的關(guān)鍵詞barriers可定位至原文的第三段。該段指出，障礙正在消失，部分原因是

全世界的雜志和資金資助機(jī)構(gòu)正在鼓勵(lì)科學(xué)家們將數(shù)據(jù)公開?！Y金資助機(jī)構(gòu)表明使用公共資金贊

助的數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)該成為公共信息。這表明雜志和資助方的態(tài)度已經(jīng)開始接受共享數(shù)據(jù)的觀念，其態(tài)度發(fā)生

了改變，因此選C。

第35題

35.Dryadservesasanexampletoshowhowopendatasharing.

A)isbecomingincreasinglypopular

B)benefitssharersandusersalike

C)makesresearcherssuccessful

D)savesbothmoneyandlabor

［參考答案］B

［答案解析］

【解析】由題干中的關(guān)鍵詞Dryad可定位至倒數(shù)第二段。原文意思是使用者對(duì)公開的數(shù)據(jù)有疑問(wèn)的，

還可對(duì)這些數(shù)據(jù)提出問(wèn)題，這樣可以使分享者進(jìn)一步完善數(shù)據(jù)。這說(shuō)明，公開數(shù)據(jù)分享無(wú)論對(duì)于數(shù)據(jù)

的分享者還是使用者，他們都能從中受益。因此選B。

Text4

Macy'sreporteditssalesplunged5.2%inNovemberandDecemberatstoresopenmorethanayear,a

disappointingholidayseasonperformancethatcappedadifficultyearforadepartmentstorechainfacing

wide-rangingchallenges.ItsflagshipstoresinmajorU.S.citiesdependheavilyoninternationaltourist

spending,whichshrankatmanyretailersduetoastrongdollar.Meanwhile,Macy'shassimplystruggledto

lureconsumerswhoaremoreinterestedinspendingontravelordiningoutthanonnewclothesor

accessories.

ThecompanyblamedmuchofthepoorperformanceinNovemberandDecemberonunseasonablywarm

weather."About80%ofourcompany'syear-over-yeardeclinesincomparablesalescanbeattributedto

shortfallsincold-weathergoods/9saidchiefexecutiveTenyLundgreninapressrelease.Thispromptedthe

companytocutitsforecastsforthefullfourthquarter.

However,ifsclearthatMacy'sbelievesitstroublesrundeeperthanatemporaryaberrationoffthe

thermometer.Theretailgiantsaidthepoorfinancialperformancethisyearhaspushedittobegin

implementing$400millionincost-cuttingmeasures.Thecompanypledgedtocut600back-officepositions,

thoughsome150workersinthoseroleswouldbereassignedtootherjobs.Italsoplanstooffer"voluntary

separation“packagesto165seniorexecutives.Itwillslashstaffingatitsfleetof770stores,amoveaffecting

some3,000employees.

Theretaileralsoannouncedthelocationsof36storesitwillcloseinearly2016.Thecompanyhad

previouslyannouncedtheplannedclosures,buthadnotsaidwhichlocationswouldbeaffected.Noneofthe

chain'sstoresintheWashingtonmetropolitanareaaretobeclosed.

Macy'shasbeenmovingaggressivelytotrytoremakeitselfforaneweraofshopping.Ithasplansto

openmorelocationsofMacy'sBackstage,anewly-developedoff-priceconceptwhichmighthelpitbetter

competewithambitiousT.J.Maxx.It'salsopushingaheadin2016withanexpansionofBluemercury,the

beautychainitboughtlastyear.AtatimewhenyoungbeautyshoppersareoftenturningtoSephoraor

Ultainsteadofdepartmentstorebeautycounters,Macy'shopesBluemercurywillhelpstrengthenits

positioninthecategory.

OnerelativebrightspotfbrMacy'sduringtheholidayseasonwastheonlinechannel,whereitrangup

4tdouble-digif,increasesinsalesanda25%increaseinthenumberofordersitfilled.Thatrelativestrength

wouldbeconsistentwithwhatwasseeninthewilderretailindustryduringtheearlypartoftheholiday

season.WhileThanksgiving,BlackFridayandCyberMondayallsawrecordspendingonline,in-storesales

plungedovertheholidayweekend.

第36題

36.WhatdoestheauthorsayabouttheshrinkingspendingofinternationaltouristsintheU.S.?

[A]ItisattributabletotherisingvalueoftheU.S.dollar.

[B]Itisadirectresultoftheglobaleconomicrecession.

[C]Itreflectsashiftoftheirinterestinconsumergoods.

[D]ItposesapotentialthreattotheretailbusinessintheU.S.

[參考答案]A

[答案解析]

【解析】根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵調(diào)shrinking,spending,internationaltourists可定位至第一段的第二句，因此

選Ao

第37題

37.WhatdoesMacy'sbelieveaboutitsproblems?

A)Theycanbesolvedwithbettermanagement.

B)Theycannotbeattributedtoweatheronly.

C)Theyarenotasseriousinitsonlinestores.

D)Theycallforincreasedinvestments.

［參考答案］B

［答案解析］

【解析】本題定位于第二段的第一句，因此選B。

第38題

38.Inordertocutcosts,Macy'sdecidedto.

A)cutthesalaryofseniorexecutives

B)relocatesomeofitschainstores

C)adjustitspromotionstrategies

D)reducethesizeofitsstaff

［參考答案］D

［答案解析］

【解析】根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞cutcosts可定位于第三段的第二句至該段的最后一句，因此選D。

第39題

39.WhydoesMacy'splantoexpandBluemercuryin2016?

A)Toexperimentonitsnewbusinessconcept.

B)Tofocusmoreonbeautyproductsthanclothing.

C)Topromotesalesofitsproductsbyloweringprices.

D)Tobemorecompetitiveinsalesofbeautyproducts.

［參考答案］D

［答案解析］

【解析】根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞expand,Bluemercury,in2016可定位至第五段的第三、四句，因此選D。

第40題

40.WhatcanwelearnaboutMacy'sduringtheholidayseason?

A)Salesdroppedsharplyinitsphysicalstores.

B)ItsretailsalesexceededthoseofT.J.Maxx.

C)IthelpedBluemercuryestablishitspositionworldwide.

D)Itfilleditsstoreswithabundantsupplyofmerchandise.

[參考答案]D

[答案解析]

【解析】根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞holidayseason可定位至最后一段。因此選D。

PartB

Directions

Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextaboutwhatparentsaresupposedtodotoguidetheir

childrenintoadulthood.ChooseaheadingfromthelistA-Gthatbestfitsthemeaningofeachnumberedpart

ofthetext(41-45).Thefirstandlastparagraphsofthetextarenotnumbered.Therearetwoextraheadings

thatyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(lOpoints)

[A]SetaGoodExampleforYourKids

[B]BuildYourKids'WorkSkills

[C]PlaceTimeLimitsonLeisureActivities

[D]TalkabouttheFutureonaRegularBasis

[E]HelpKidsDevelopCopingStrategies

[F]HelpYourKidsFigureOutWhoTheyAre

[G]BuildYourKids'SenseofResponsibility

HowcanaParentHelp?

Mothersandfatherscandoalottoensureasafelandinginearlyadulthoodfortheirkids.Evenifajob's

startingsalaryseemstoosmalltosatisfyanemergingadulfsneedforrapidcontent,thetransitionfrom

schooltoworkcanbelessofasetbackifthestartupadultisreadyforthemove.Hereareafewmeasures,

drawnfrommybookReadyorNot,HereLifeComes,thatparentscantaketopreventwhatIcan“worklife

unreadiness^^:

41.____________________________

Youcanstartthisprocesswhentheyare11or12.Periodicallyreviewtheiremergingstrengthsand

weaknesseswiththemandworktogetheronanyshortcomings,likedifficultyincommunicatingwellor

collaborating.Also,identifythekindsofintereststheykeepcomingbackto,astheseoffercl