無錫市天一中學2021-2022學年高二上學期第一次教學質(zhì)量監(jiān)測英語試題（解析版）

2021-2022學年度上學期第一次教學質(zhì)量監(jiān)測高二英語試題（滿分150分，考試時間120分鐘）注意事項：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準考證號填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whattimeisitnow?A.7:15. B.6:40. C.7:45.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Johnissupposedtocomehereathalfpastseven.W:Yes,he’llbeherein15minutes.2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanthinkaboutthewoman’shat?A.It’sverygood.B.Itdoesn’tgowellwithherdress.C.Helikesthestyleofit.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Idon’tthinkyourhatmatchesyourdress.W:ButIlikeitsstyle.3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Hedoesn’tknowthepark.B.Theparkisnearby.C.Thereisnoparkinghere.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Excuseme,couldyoupleasetellmehowtogettothepark?M:There’saparkaroundhere?4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Thewomanshouldgoaway.B.Hewillgoclosertoher.C.Hecanhearherverywell.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:IfIspeakthisway,couldyouhearmeclearly?M:Goahead.5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatistheproblem?A.Thewomandoesn’tlikeorangejuice.B.Themanwaslookingfororangejuice.C.Themanbrokethecontaineroftheorangejuice.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:IjustboughtsomeorangejuicebutnowIcan’tfindit.Doyouknowwhereitis?M:Ibrokethebottle.Didn’tyouhearthecrash?第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘。聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】6.Whichbusdidthemantakeyesterday?A.Number7.B.Number15.C.Bothofthem.7.HowfarwillthewomanwalkifshetakesaNumber15bus?A.Halfamile. B.Onemile. C.Twomiles.【答案】6.A7.C【解析】【原文】M:Whereareyougoing,Jane?W:I’mgoingtothehospitaltoseeMay.M:Isawheryesterday.Shewasalittlebetter.W:MustIcatchaNumber7bustogetthere?M:No,youneedn’t.ANumber15buswillalsotakeyoutothehospital.W:Number15busesrunmuchmorefrequently,don’tthey?M:Yes.IcaughtaNumber7busyesterday,andIhadtowaitforhalfanhouratthebusstop.W:Thankyou,Henry.I’llgetaNumber15.M:ButNumber15busesleavefromthetowncentre.You’llhavetowalktwomilestocatchone.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】8.What’stheweatherlikethesedays?A.Rainingallthetime.B.Sunnyandbright.C.Cloudyandwindy.9.Whatdotheythinkoftheweather?A.Nottoobad.B.Terrible.C.Fine.10.Howabouttheweathertomorrowaccordingtotheweatherman?A.Sunny.B.Rainy.C.Cloudy.【答案】8.A9.B10.A【解析】【原文】W:Whataterribledayitis!M:Yes,itistoobad.W:Istheweatheralwayslikethis?M:No,Ithinkitwillbefinesoon.W:Ihopeyouareright.Wedon’twanttobestuckhereallmorning.M:Quiteright.W:Whatistheweatherforecastfortoday?M:Rainyinthemorningandcloudyintheafternoon.W:Ithasbeenrainingforthepastfewdays.M:Idon’tthinkweatherlikethiscanlastlong.W:Doyouthinkitwillbefinetomorrow?M:Perhaps.Theweathermansaysitwillclearuptomorrow.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】11.Wheredidthemanwatchthemovie?A.Atafriend’shouse.B.Downtown.C.Atanearbycinema.12.Howdidthemanlikethemovie?A.Itwasexcellent.B.Itwasabsurd.C.Itwasn’tworthmentioning.13.WhydidDavesayhisroommatewasarealairhead?A.HethoughtTitanicwasaJapaneseboatduringWorldWarⅡ.B.HesaidthattheJapanesewonthewarusingaboatcalledTitanic.C.HebelievedthattheJapanesesankaboatcalledTitanic.14.WhatdidDaveandhisroommatedoafterthemovie?A.Theywentoutforafewdrinks.B.TheywatchedTV.C.Theytalkedabouttheirhobbies.【答案】11.B12.A13.C14.B【解析】【原文】W:Hey,Dave.Howwasyourweekend?M:Notbad.Iwentdowntowntowatchamoviewithmyroommate.W:Howwasit?M:Oh,themoviewaswonderful,butthecompanywasn’t.W:Whatdoyoumean?M:Well,Ilikedthemovie,butmyroommateisarealairhead.Westartedtalkingaboutthisandthat,andhethoughtTitanicwasaboattheJapanesesankduringWorldWarⅡ.W:Oh,oh.Notaverybrightguy.M:Yeah,andhe’srealcouchpotato.Heinvitedmeovertohisparents’housetowatchTV.Wow.IbetwatchingTVishisonlyhobby,buthesuredoesn’tknowmuch.W:Toobad.Hey,doyouwanttogooutandgetsomethingtodrink?It’sprettyearly.M:Nah.I’dliketogotobed.Ihaveatesttomorrowmorning,andIwanttobereadyforit.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】15.Whatisthewoman?A.Asaleswoman.B.Astudent.C.Abankclerk.16.Howmuchmoneycanthewomangetpermonthalltogether?A.＄760. B.＄1260. C.＄2160.17.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?A.Workmore.B.Getsomemoneyfromthebank.C.Makeamonthlybudget.【答案】15.B16.B17.C【解析】【原文】M:Hi,Carina.Longtimenosee.Outpartyingeverynight,insteadofstudying,huh?W:Well,notrecently!Actually,Idon’thaveanymoneytopartythesedays.M:Hey,Ithoughtyouhadagoodpart-timejobatthemall.W:Ido.Iworkabouttwentyhoursaweek,andthepay’snotbad,ninedollarsandfiftycentsanhour.M:Really?Sothat’ssevenhundredandsixtydollarsamonth.Hey,that’snotabadincomeforastudent!W:Iknow.Andmyparentssendmefivehundreddollarsamonth,too.But...M:Butyoucan’tliveonthat?W:NoIonlymanagetosaveabouttendollarsamonth.M:Itsoundslikeyouhaveabudgetproblem.Simply,eitherworkmoreorspendless.W:I’mdefinitelynotgoingtoworkmore.M:Soyou’dbetterstartspendingless.Whydon’tyoumakeamonthlybudget?W:Abudget?Hmm,maybe...Hey,Tim,youmajoredineconomics,right?M:Uh,yeah...W:Andyouworkinabanknow,right?M:Uh,yeah,why?W:Well,you’rethebestpersontohelpmemakeabudget!聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】18.Whatdidthewomandoimmediatelyaftershewokeup?A.Shelookedoutofthewindow.B.SheturnedontheTV.C.Shepreparedtoleave.19.Whatwastheweatherlikethatday?A.Rainy. B.Sunny. C.Windy.20.Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A.Thewomanleftwithouttakinganything.B.Shecouldn’tseetheroadclearlybecausenightwasdrawingnear.C.Abigfirebrokeoutaroundwhereshelived.【答案】18.B19.C20.C【解析】【原文】ThefirstthingIdidwhenIwokeupinthemorningwaswatchingtheTVnews.Icouldseethatthesituationwasbad.Outsideinthegarden,Icouldn’tseethesun,astheskywasfullofsmoke.IdecidedI’dbetterleave.Ipackedasuitcaseofclothesandanothercaseofusefulthings.It’sdifficultinthiskindofsituationtodecideexactlywhattotakewithyou.Outinthegardentheskywasgettingblacker,andthewindwasgettingstronger.Igotintomycaranddrovedowntheroad.Thesmokewasthickandattimesitwasdifficulttoseetheroad.Animalswererunningacrosstheroad,tryingtoescapethefire.FivemilesdowntheroadIcametoalongbridge.OnlywhenIwasontheothersidedidIknowIwassafe.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。ABuzzwords(流行詞匯)SplinternetEuropeisfloatingregulationthatcouldimposetemporarybansonUStechcompaniesthatviolateitslaws.Ifsuchterritorialagreementsbecomemorecommon,theglobally-connectedInternetweknowwillmorelikewhatsomehavecalledthe“splinternet”,oracollectionofdifferentInternetswhoselimitsaredeterminedbynationalorregionalborders.Cyberpunk—Doyouthinkwearealreadyinacyberpunkage?—Ithinkweare.Justlookaroundus,weareenjoyingthefruitofhightechnologywhenweorderalmosteverythingatourfingertips.Butthepeopledeliveringtheproductscan’tevenhaveadecentmeal.That’satypical“hightech,lowlife”contrast.Mansplaining—Youmustfollowmyinstructionstocompletetheproject.Don’tyoueverscrewup.—Stopmansplaining,OK?I’mfarmoreexperiencedthanyou.DigitalnativesIfyouarewonderingwhy“Phone”appiconisdesignedlikethatandlooksalmostthesameoneverysmartphone,youaredefinitelyoneofthedigitalnativeswhodon’tknowwhatatelephoneis.SocialbankruptcyHaveyoueverfounditextremelyexhaustingtryingtomaintainabalancedrelationshipwithallyoursocialmediafriendsandfollowers?Perhapsit’stimethatyougosocialbankruptcy.Justcloseallyouraccountsandgooutandenjoythesunshine.21.ThesocialmediaplatformFacebookbrieflydecidedtopreventAustralianusersfromsharingnewlinks.Whichwordismostrelevanttothisaffair?A.Splinternet B.Mansplaining C.Digitalnatives D.Socialbankruptcy22.Mencius(孟子)oncesaid:“Disgustforsomeonebyothersdoesfocusonhis/herpretendingtobeothers’master.”Whichwordmeansthesamething?A.Splinternet B.Cyberpunk C.Mansplaining D.Digitalnatives23.WhichcolumninTeenSpaceMagazineisthetextprobablyfrom?A.Preface B.Outlook C.Story D.Witticism【答案】21.A22.C23.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了一些如今流行的流行詞匯的含義?！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“EuropeisfloatingregulationthatcouldimposetemporarybansonUStechcompaniesthatviolateitslaws.Ifsuchterritorialagreementsbecomemorecommon,theglobally-connectedInternetweknowwillmorelikewhatsomehavecalledthe“splinternet”,oracollectionofdifferentInternetswhoselimitsaredeterminedbynationalorregionalborders.(歐洲正在實施一項浮動法規(guī)，可能對違反歐洲法律的美國科技公司實施臨時禁令。如果這樣的領(lǐng)土協(xié)議變得更加普遍，我們所知道的全球互聯(lián)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)將更像一些人所說的“分裂互聯(lián)網(wǎng)”，或不同互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的集合，其界限由國家或地區(qū)邊界決定)”可知，社交媒體平臺Facebook暫時決定阻止澳大利亞用戶分享新的鏈接，Splinternet與之相關(guān)。故選A?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Mansplaining部分中“—Youmustfollowmyinstructionstocompletetheproject.Don’tyoueverscrewup.—Stopmansplaining,OK?I’mfarmoreexperiencedthanyou.(——你必須按照我的指示完成這個項目。千萬別搞砸了。——停止好為人師好嗎？我比你經(jīng)驗豐富多了)”可知，孟子說過“人之患在好為人師”與C選項“Mansplaining”意思是一樣的。故選C。【23題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章標題“Buzzwords(流行詞匯)”以及文章主要介紹了一些如今流行的流行詞匯的含義，可推知，文章可能來自《青少年空間雜志》的“前景”專欄。故選B。BEveryoneisafraidofsomething.Maybeyou'reafraidofspiders,orheights,ordogs,orthedark.Andtraditionally,we’vethoughtthat'sbecauseyoulearnedtobeafraid.Probablybecauseyouhadabadrun-inwithsomethingatsomepoint.Butthere'sadifferentideaouttherethat'sbeengettingmoreattentionlately:theideathatfearsaren’tjustlearned…theyalsocanbeinherited.Itsoundslikeawildidea.Howdoyouinheritsomethingasabstractasfear?Butoverthelastfiftyyears,researchershavebeenstudyingjusthowmuchfearshavetodowithinheritanceandgenetics.Andtheirresultshavebeenkindofsurprising.Inthiswork,they’veputalotofeffortintounderstandingoneextremekindoffear,calledaphobia.Togetasenseofhowmuchgenesinfluencefear,scientistshavebegunlookingatidenticaltwins.SinceidenticaltwinshavealmostthesameDNA,researcherscanfigureouthowheritableafearisbycomparinghowoftenspecificphobiasappearinidenticaltwinsasopposedtootherbrothersorsisters.Becauseeventhoughtwinsoftenhavelotsofsimilarexperiences,theyprobablydon'tsharethetypesofexperiencesthatcausephobias—likegettingbittenbyadogorfallingoutofatree.One1998studyof659pairsofidenticalandfraternaltwinsinAustralialookedathowmanyhadafearofblood.Thestudyfoundthatgeneticsaccountedfor71percentofthevariationamongthosepeople,meaninggeneticfactorsplayaprettybigroleindeterminingwhetherapersonhassomespecificfear.A2016studyalsofoundthatfearofdentalworkwasover30percentheritable.So,ifyouareafraidofgoingtothedentist,itreallymightnotbeyourdentist'sfault.Overall,first-degreerelativesofpeoplewithphobiasaremorelikelytohavesimilarphobiasthanpeoplewithnofamilyhistory.So,it'sprettyclearthatphobiasareheritable!24.WhatdoestheauthormeanbysayingtheunderlinedsentenceinPara.2?A.It'sunbelievablethatpeoplecaninheritsomethingsoabstractlikefear.B.It'ssurprisingthatpeopleknowsolittleaboutinheritanceandgenetics.C.It'snaturalthatpeoplebecomeafraidofthingsthattheyhadbadexperiencewith.D.It'sinterestingthatpeopleareafraidofsomanythingssuchasspidersandthedark.25.Whydidthescientistschooseidenticaltwinsastheirtestsubjects?ATheylookverymuchalike. B.Theyhavesharedexperiences.C.Theyhavesimilarpersonalities. D.TheysharebasicallythesameDNA.26.WhatdidtheauthortrytoprovebymentioningthestudiesinPara.4and5?A.Dentistsarescarytomanykids. B.Mostpeoplehavesomekindoffear.C.Fearofbloodisthemostcommonphobia. D.Fearofthingscanbearesultofgeneticinheritance.27.Wheredoesthetextprobablycomefrom?A.Atravelbrochure. B.Asciencetalkshow.C.Acommercialadvertisement. D.Ahistorybook.【答案】24.A25.D26.D27.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)人們能遺傳像恐懼這樣抽象的東西，介紹了研究開展的過程以及研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)?！?4題詳解】句意猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后文“Howdoyouinheritsomethingasabstractasfear?Butoverthelastfiftyyears,researchershavebeenstudyingjusthowmuchfearshavetodowithinheritanceandgenetics.Andtheirresultshavebeenkindofsurprising.”可知，但在過去的50年里，研究人員一直在研究恐懼與遺傳和基因有多大關(guān)系。他們的結(jié)果證明了人們能遺傳像恐懼這樣抽象的東西，這令人驚訝，故畫線句意思是“令人難以置信的是，人們能遺傳像恐懼這樣抽象的東西”。故選A?！?5題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“SinceidenticaltwinshavealmostthesameDNA,researcherscanfigureouthowheritableafearisbycomparinghowoftenspecificphobiasappearinidenticaltwinsasopposedtootherbrothersorsisters.(由于同卵雙胞胎擁有幾乎相同的DNA，研究人員可以通過比較特定恐懼癥在同卵雙胞胎和其他兄弟姐妹中出現(xiàn)的頻率來了解恐懼的遺傳程度)”可知，科學家選擇同卵雙胞胎作為他們的測試對象因為他們基本上擁有相同的DNA。故選D。【26題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“One1998studyof659pairsofidenticalandfraternaltwinsinAustralialookedathowmanyhadafearofblood.Thestudyfoundthatgeneticsaccountedfor71percentofthevariationamongthosepeople,meaninggeneticfactorsplayaprettybigroleindeterminingwhetherapersonhassomespecificfear.(1998年的一項研究對澳大利亞659對同卵雙胞胎和異卵雙胞胎進行了研究，看有多少人害怕血。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，基因在這些人的變異中占71%，這意味著基因因素在決定一個人是否有某種特定的恐懼方面發(fā)揮了相當大的作用)”以及第五段“A2016studyalsofoundthatfearofdentalworkwasover30percentheritable.So,ifyouareafraidofgoingtothedentist,itreallymightnotbeyourdentist'sfault.Overall,first-degreerelativesofpeoplewithphobiasaremorelikelytohavesimilarphobiasthanpeoplewithnofamilyhistory.(2016年的一項研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)，對牙醫(yī)的恐懼超過30%是遺傳的。所以，如果你害怕去看牙醫(yī)，這可能不是你牙醫(yī)的錯?？偟膩碚f，有恐懼癥的人的一級親屬比沒有家族史的人更有可能有類似的恐懼癥)”可推知，作者通過提到第4和第5段的研究試圖證明恐懼可能是遺傳的結(jié)果。故選D?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Butthere'sadifferentideaouttherethat'sbeengettingmoreattentionlately:theideathatfearsaren’tjustlearned…theyalsocanbeinherited.(但最近有一種不同觀點得到了更多的關(guān)注：恐懼不僅僅是后天習得的……它們也可以遺傳)”結(jié)合文章主要說明了研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)人們能遺傳像恐懼這樣抽象的東西，介紹了研究開展的過程以及研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)?？赏浦?，文章可能來自科學談話節(jié)目。故選B。CDr.MelissaD.YoungisachemistandCertifiedDiabetesEducatorattheAmericanAssociationofDiabetesEducatorswhoholdsaverypersonalinterestinadvocatingforannualfluvaccination(預(yù)防接種).Twelveyearsago,hermotherpassedawayafterafluinfection.Young’smotherhadachronic(慢性的)lungcondition,butshehadrefusedtogetafluvaccinebecauseshemistakenlythoughtitwouldmakehersufferfromtheflu.It’sasad,butalltoocommonstory.AccordingtodatacollectedbytheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,ofUSadultswhowerehospitalizedforfluinfectionin2018-2019withadditionalinformationavailable,93percenthadatleastonemedicalcondition.IntheUS,nearlyhalfofalladultsaged45-64years,and80percentofthoseaged65yearsandolder,havemultiplechronichealthconditionsthatputthemathighriskforflu-relatedcomplications,includingheartattack,stroke,hospitalization,andevendeath.Toaddressthispublichealththreat,themedicalcommunityisworkingtogethertoprotectthemostvulnerable(易受傷害的)patients.Fluvirusescauseareactionthatcanlastforseveralweeksfollowingseriousinfection.Thisflu-relatedreactioncanmakeexistingchronicconditionsworse,includingheartdisease,lungdiseaseanddiabetes.Additionally,adultswithdiabetesweresixtimesmorelikelytobehospitalizedandthreetimesmorelikelytodiefromflu-relatedcomplicationsthanpeoplewithoutdiabetes.Yetthereremainslowawarenessoftheimportanceofannualfluvaccinationforadultswithchronichealthconditions.Despitetheabundanceofpublichealthguidanceurgingpeopletogetvaccinatedeachyear,increasingfluvaccinationrateshasprovenextremelydifficult.Vaccinationcoverageamongadultshasincreasedslightlyoverthepastdecade,butremainsabout40percent,leavingmorethanhalfofUSadultsvulnerableeachyear.28.WhydoestheauthormentionYoung’smotherinparagraph1?A.Tosummarizethefollowingparagraphs.B.Tointroducethetopicofthetext.C.Toshowthebackgroundofthestory.D.Toprovidesomeadviceforreaders.29.Whatdoweknowaboutfluinfectionandchronicconditions?A.Theyinfluenceeachother. B.TheyexistmainlyinAmerica.C.Theyhardlyhappentotheyoung. D.Theyarethemainreasonsfordeath.30.WhatattitudedomostAmericanadultshavetowardsfluvaccination?A.Positive. B.Flexible.C.Uncertain. D.Uncaring.31.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A.ThebenefitsoffluvaccinationB.FluinfectionisincreasingintheUSAC.FluinfectionisathreatforAmericanadultsD.Thedifficultyincarryingoutfluvaccination【答案】28.B29.A30.D31.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了美國流感的嚴重性以及美國成年人不重視預(yù)防流感和接種疫苗?！?8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“It’sasad,butalltoocommonstory.(這是一個令人悲傷但又非常普遍的故事)”以及最后一段“Yetthereremainslowawarenessoftheimportanceofannualfluvaccinationforadultswithchronichealthconditions.(然而，對于患有慢性疾病的成年人每年接種流感疫苗的重要性，人們的認識仍然很低)”可推知，作者在第一段提到楊的母親是為了引出文章的主題。故選B項?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“havemultiplechronichealthconditionsthatputthemathighriskforflu-relatedcomplications,includingheartattack,stroke,hospitalization,andevendeath(患有多種慢性疾病，這使他們面臨著心臟病、中風、住院甚至死亡等流感相關(guān)并發(fā)癥的高風險)”以及第四段“Thisflu-relatedreactioncanmakeexistingchronicconditionsworse,includingheartdisease,lungdiseaseanddiabetes.(這種與流感相關(guān)的反應(yīng)會使現(xiàn)有的慢性疾病惡化，包括心臟病、肺病和糖尿病)”可推知，流感感染和慢性病相互影響。故選A項?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Vaccinationcoverageamongadultshasincreasedslightlyoverthepastdecade,butremainsabout40percent,leavingmorethanhalfofUSadultsvulnerableeachyear.(在過去十年中，成年人的疫苗接種率略有上升，但仍保持在40%左右，每年有超過一半的美國成年人易受感染)”可推知，大多數(shù)美國成年人對流感疫苗接種的態(tài)度是不關(guān)注的。故選D項。【31題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，再結(jié)合文章第二段“USadultswhowerehospitalizedforfluinfectionin2018-2019withadditionalinformationavailable,93percenthadatleastonemedicalcondition.(在2018-2019年因流感感染住院的美國成年人中，93%的人至少有一種疾病)”以及第三段“IntheUS,nearlyhalfofalladultsaged45-64years,and80percentofthoseaged65yearsandolder,havemultiplechronichealthconditionsthatputthemathighriskforflu-relatedcomplications(在美國，近一半的45-64歲成年人以及80%的65歲及以上的成年人患有多種慢性疾病，這些疾病使他們面臨流感相關(guān)并發(fā)癥的高風險)”可推知，本文主要介紹了流感感染對美國成年人的威脅性之高。C項“流感感染對美國成年人是一種威脅”符合文意，最適合作為本文標題。故選C項。DThefarsideofthemoonisastrangeandwildregion,quitedifferentfromthefamiliarandmostlysmoothfaceweseenightlyfromourplanet.Soonthisroughspacewillhaveevenstrangerfeatures:itwillbecrowdedwithradiotelescopes.Astronomersareplanningtomakethemoon'sdistantsideournewestandbestwindowonthecosmic(宇宙的)darkages,amysteriouserahidingearlymarksofstarsandgalaxies.Ouruniversewasnotalwaysfilledwithstars.About380,000yearsafterthebigbang,theuniversecooled,andthefirstatomsofhydrogenformed.Gigantichydrogencloudssoonfilledtheuniverse.Butforafewhundredmillionyears,everythingremaineddark,withoutstars.Thencamethecosmicdawn:thefirststarsflickered,galaxiescameintoexistenceandslowlytheuniverse'slarge-scalestructuretookshape.Theseedsofthisstructuremusthavebeenpresentinthedark-agehydrogenclouds,buttheerahasbeenimpossibletoprobeusingoptical(光學的)telescopes—therewasnolight.Andalthoughthishydrogenproducedlong-wavelength(orlow-frequency)radioemissions,radiotelescopesonEarthhavefounditnearlyimpossibletodetectthem.Ouratmosphereeitherblocksordisturbsthesefaintsignals;thosethatgetthrougharedrownedoutbyhumanity'sradionoise.Scientistshavedreamedfordecadesofstudyingthecosmicdarkagesfromthemoon'sfarside.Nowmultiplespaceagenciesplanlunarmissionscarryingradio-wave-detectinginstruments—somewithinthenextthreeyears—andastronomers'dreamsaresettobecomereality.“IfIweretodesignanidealplacetodolow-frequencyradioastronomy,Iwouldhavetobuildthemoon,”saysastrophysicistJackBurnsoftheUniversityofColoradoBoulder.“Wearejustnowfinallygettingtotheplacewherewe'reactuallygoingtobeputtingthesetelescopesdownonthemooninthenextfewyears.”32.What'sthepurposeofbuildingradiotelescopesonthemoon?A.Toresearchthebigbang. B.Todiscoverunknownstars.C.Tostudythecosmicdarkages. D.Toobservethefarsideofthemoon.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“probe”inParagraph3possiblymean?A.Explore. B.Evaluate.C.Produce. D.Predict.34.Hydrogenradioemissionscan'tbedetectedonEarthbecause________．A.therewasnolightinthedarkagesB.theycannotpossiblygetthroughouratmosphereC.gigantichydrogencloudsnolongerfilltheuniverseD.radiosignalsonEarthcausetoomuchinterference35.Whatcanweinferfromtheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraph?A.Scientistshavetorebuildthemoon.B.Wewillfinallygettothemoon'sdistantside.C.Themoonisaperfectplacetosetupradiotelescopes.D.Afavorableresearchenvironmentwillbefoundonthemoon.【答案】32.C33.A34.D35.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了科學家們想要在月球背面架設(shè)射電望遠鏡，以此來研究宇宙暗黑紀元?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Thefarsideofthemoonisastrangeandwildregion,quitedifferentfromthefamiliarandmostlysmoothfaceweseenightlyfromourplanet.Soonthisroughspacewillhaveevenstrangerfeatures:itwillbecrowdedwithradiotelescopes.（月球的背面是一個奇怪而狂野的區(qū)域，與我們每晚從地球上看到的熟悉而平滑的面孔大不相同。很快，這個粗糙的空間將會有更加奇特的特征:它將被射電望遠鏡所包圍。）”可知，月球的遠端很快就要被射電望遠鏡所包圍；而根據(jù)第四段“Scientistshavedreamedfordecadesofstudyingthecosmicdarkagesfromthemoon'sfarside.（幾十年來，科學家們一直夢想著從月球的背面研究宇宙的暗黑紀元。）”可知，科學家們想通過研究月球的背面來研究宇宙的黑暗紀元。由以上可以推出，架設(shè)電望遠鏡的目的是研究宇宙的黑暗紀元。故選C項?！?3題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞部分“Theseedsofthisstructuremusthavebeenpresentinthedark-agehydrogenclouds,buttheerahasbeenimpossibletoprobeusingoptical(光學的)telescopes—therewasnolight.（這種結(jié)構(gòu)的種子一定存在于黑暗紀元的氫云中，但是這個時代不可能用光學望遠鏡來probe——那里沒有光。）”中的therewasnolight解釋了不能用光學望遠鏡的原因。且根據(jù)后文“Andalthoughthishydrogenproducedlong-wavelength(orlow-frequency)radioemissions,radiotelescopesonEarthhavefounditnearlyimpossibletodetectthem.（盡管這種氫氣產(chǎn)生了長波長(或低頻率)的電輻射，但地球上的射電望遠鏡已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)幾乎不可能探測到它們。）”中detect即為“探測”之意。前后對應(yīng)，probe應(yīng)為“探測”之意，意同“explore”。故選A項?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Ouratmosphereeitherblocksordisturbsthesefaintsignals;thosethatgetthrougharedrownedoutbyhumanity'sradionoise.（我們的大氣層要么阻礙或干擾這些微弱的信號；那些通過的信號被人類的無線電噪聲所淹沒。）”中的humanity'sradionoise可知，檢測不到射電輻射的原因是，地球上的無線電信號造成了太多的干擾。故選D項?！?5題詳解】判斷推理題。根據(jù)第四段“Scientistshavedreamedfordecadesofstudyingthecosmicdarkagesfromthemoon'sfarside.（幾十年來，科學家們一直夢想著從月球的背面研究宇宙的暗黑紀元。）”和最后一段““Wearejustnowfinallygettingtotheplacewherewe'reactuallygoingtobeputtingthesetelescopesdownonthemooninthenextfewyears.”（“我們未來幾年將把這些望遠鏡放在月球上的地方?！保笨赏浦?，劃線部分的意思是月球是架設(shè)射電望遠鏡的理想場所。故選C項。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。MakingtheMostofthePresentWe'veallbeenaskedthatquestion"Wheredoyouseeyourselfin5or10years?”andwhilesomeofusmighthavetheanswerstothat,therealityis,mostofusdon'tandthatistotallyOK.____36____We'veputtogetherthebelowtipsonhowtoenjoylivinginthemoment.Stopworryingaboutwhathasn'thappenedyet.We'vealldoneit.Worryingaboutasituationthathasn'thappenedyetisonlygoingtoruinallthegoodthingsthatarehappeningnow.Ifyoufocusonthefuturetoomuch,itmakesthepresentirrelevant.____37____Ifitisreallyeatingyouup,trythinkingaboutwhatyoucandorightnowtoavoidanynegativesituationsyoumightbeworriedabout.____38____Itissoeasytogetcaughtupinotherpeople'slivesandcompareyourachievementstotheirs,soifyoufindyourselfdoubtingyourachievementsandfeelinglessthansomeonebecausetheyhaveanicercarorabetterjob,takeastepawayfromthemforawhileuntilyounolongerfeelnegativelyaboutthedifferencesinyourlivesandachievements.Bettermood,betterlife.Putyourselffirstandstoptryingtopleaseeveryoneelse.____39____Andlookingafteryourselfbeforeanyoneelseisthemostimportant.Worktowardsthegoalsyouwanttoachievenottheonesotherswantyoutoachieveortheonesyouthinkyoushouldbeachievingbecausesocietytellsustoo.Ifyoudon'twanttogetmarried,that'sOK,andifyoudo,that'sOKtoo.____40____A.Nooneisbetterthanyou.B.Youareyourownnumberone.C.Justmakesurethatanythingyoudo,isdoneforyou!D.Stopbeinginfluencedbypopularandinfluentialpeople.E.Surroundyourselfwithpeoplethatmakeyoufeelbetter.F.Whatwillbe,willbeandstressingaboutsomethingisn'tgoingtochangethat.G.Thinkingaheadisimportantbutitcanoftenbethecauseofunnecessarystress.【答案】36.G37.F38.E39.B40.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。本文就話題“怎樣抓住當下，過好當下”進行陳述并給出了三個方面的建議?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“We'veallbeenaskedthatquestion"Wheredoyouseeyourselfin5or10years?”andwhilesomeofusmighthavetheanswerstothat,therealityis,mostofusdon'tandthatistotallyOK.(我們都被問到過這個問題:“你認為自己在5年或10年后會發(fā)展到什么地步?”雖然有些人可能知道答案，但事實是，大多數(shù)人都不知道，這也沒什么)”和下文“We'veputtogetherthebelowtipsonhowtoenjoylivinginthemoment.(我們整理了下面這些如何享受當下的小貼士)”可知，空處承上啟下，說明提前考慮會帶來壓力。G項“提前考慮是很重要的，但它往往會導(dǎo)致不必要的壓力”符合語境。故選G。【37題詳解】本段主題句為“Stopworryingaboutwhathasn'thappenedyet.(不要擔心還沒有發(fā)生的事情)”可知，本段主要說明不要為將來擔心，F(xiàn)項中“Whatwillbe,willbe”與之對應(yīng)。F項“將來會怎樣，會怎樣，為某事感到壓力不會改變它”符合語境。故選F。【38題詳解】設(shè)空處為段落主題句。根據(jù)下文“Bettermood,betterlife.(好心情，好生活)”可知，E項中“makeyoufeelbetter.”與之對應(yīng)。E項“和讓你感覺更好的人在一起”符合語境。故選E?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Putyourselffirstandstoptryingtopleaseeveryoneelse.(把自己放在第一位，不要試圖取悅其他人)”可知，本段主要強調(diào)的是自己是最重要的。B項“你就是你自己的第一”符合語境。故選B?！?0題詳解】該自然段主題句為“Putyourselffirstandstoptryingtopleaseeveryoneelse(把自己放在第一位，不要試圖取悅其他人)”設(shè)空在文段最后一句，總結(jié)該文段意思。C項“只要確保你做任何事，都是為你做的！”符合語境。故選C。第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Gonearethedayswhenbigbusinesseswerelookeduponbyenvironmentalistsasenemiesinthefightagainstglobalwarming.JusttwoweeksafterU.S.PresidentDonaldTrumppulledhiscountry