高考英語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài) 例題詳解

[名校]高考英語(yǔ)-動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)-例題詳解高考題往往不會(huì)涉及單一的時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)，而是更多地側(cè)重于時(shí)態(tài)的交叉使用和呼應(yīng)及與語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)合使用。所以解題時(shí)一定要結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，弄清時(shí)間的先后關(guān)系，可根據(jù)不同情況采取"找標(biāo)法"(尋找時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞)、"呼應(yīng)法"(主從句時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng))、"搭配法"(固定搭配)、"語(yǔ)境法"等解題技巧。一?識(shí)別標(biāo)志詞如果題干中有標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),則往往可以根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)選擇相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)?[例]①M(fèi)orethanadozenstudentsinthatschool________abroadtostudymedicinelastyear.A.sentB.weresentC.hadsentD.hadbeensent[解析]此題有明顯的時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞lastyear,提示我們應(yīng)該使用一般過(guò)去時(shí);句中的主語(yǔ)students是被送的對(duì)象,應(yīng)該使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?答案為B?動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)一般都有其相應(yīng)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),請(qǐng)同學(xué)們熟記下列8種常用時(shí)態(tài)所對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)?(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):often,always,usually,seldom,now,everyday等?(2)一般過(guò)去時(shí):then,yesterday,lastweek,afterthat,ago,inthefollowing/nextfewmonths等?(3)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):now,rightnow,atpresent,atthismoment,thesedays等?(4)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí):then,atthattime,atthistimeyesterday等?(5)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):recently,lately,upto/tillnow,sofar,inthepast/lastfewmonths/years…,for+一段時(shí)間,since+一段時(shí)間等?(6)過(guò)去完成時(shí):before,bytheendoflastmonth/years…等?(7)一般將來(lái)時(shí):tomorrow,today,nextweek/month…,inanhour,inthecoming/followingfewweeks等?(8)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí):thefollowingmonth,thenextweek等?[命題角度及對(duì)策]高考測(cè)試動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)須與句中時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)一致時(shí),常在題干中加入具體情景,以測(cè)試考生對(duì)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)知識(shí)的實(shí)際運(yùn)用能力?敏銳捕捉時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞,并結(jié)合具體的語(yǔ)境,選擇出正確的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài),是解決此類問(wèn)題的良策?二?主從時(shí)態(tài)須呼應(yīng)如果所給題干是主從復(fù)合句,可根據(jù)主從句時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)的原則選出正確的時(shí)態(tài)?命題角度及對(duì)策]近年來(lái)高考考查主從句的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)時(shí),常放在真實(shí)的并且符合實(shí)際的語(yǔ)境中進(jìn)行考查?在根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)原則解題時(shí),要把握好以下幾點(diǎn):(1)在時(shí)間?條件等狀語(yǔ)從句中,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一般將來(lái)時(shí),一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí),用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示將來(lái)完成時(shí)?(2)正確認(rèn)定主句動(dòng)詞及從句動(dòng)詞兩個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間,并認(rèn)真體會(huì)命題者所給出的語(yǔ)境?(3)解答賓語(yǔ)從句與主句時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)題時(shí),考生應(yīng)熟知以下規(guī)則:主句動(dòng)詞為現(xiàn)在時(shí),則從句動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)需要使用任何時(shí)態(tài);主句動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去時(shí),則從句動(dòng)詞須用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪^(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)(表示客觀真理時(shí)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))?三?仔細(xì)體會(huì)語(yǔ)境近年來(lái)高考試題對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)考查的要求越來(lái)越高,大部分試題趨向情境化?實(shí)際化?因此,仔細(xì)體會(huì)所給語(yǔ)境,根據(jù)具體語(yǔ)境選擇合適的時(shí)態(tài)是考生需要重點(diǎn)解決的問(wèn)題?例：—Doyouthinkweshouldacceptthatoffer?—Yes，weshould，forwe______suchbadluckuptillnow，andtime______out.A.havehad；isrunningB.had；isrunningC.have；hasbeenrunD.havehad；hasbeenrun【答案解析】A。由時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞uptillnow知道，動(dòng)作是從過(guò)去延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，所以第一空要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；而根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知時(shí)間快要耗光了，所以第二空要用進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)?！狢anyoutellmethetimetableofthe__________schoolbus?—Well,thebus__________hereforthe__________campusat7:00A．m..A．willleaveB．leftC．isleavingD．leaves【答案解析】D。考查時(shí)態(tài)，"校班車的時(shí)間表"是規(guī)定好的事情，表示一般性動(dòng)作用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)?！揪x試題】名校模擬題1.—What'sthatterriblenoise?—Theneighbors_____foraparty.A.havepreparedB.arepreparingC.prepareD.willprepare2.Nowthatsheisoutofajob,Lucy_____goingbacktoschool,butshehasn'tdecidedyet.A.hadconsideredB.hasbeenconsideringC.hasbeencompletedD.isgoingtoconsider3.ThemayorofBeijingsaysthatallconstructionworkfortheBeijingOlympics_____by2006.A.hasbeencompletedB.hascompletedC.willhavebeencompletedD.willhavecompleted4.Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology____sorapidly.A.ischangingB.haschangedC.willhavechangedD.willchange5.I_____Ping–pongquitewell,butIhaven'thadtimetoplaysincethenewyear.A.playedB.willplayC.haveplayedD.play6.Visitors______nottotouchtheexhibits.A.willrequestB.requestC.arerequestingD.arerequested7.JohnandI_____friendsforeightyears.WefirstgottoknoweachotherataChristmasparty.Butwe_____eachotheracoupleoftimesbeforethat.A.hadbeen;haveseenB.havebeen;haveseenC.hadbeen;hadseenD.havebeen;hadseen8.ThisisTed'sphoto.Wemisshimalot.He______tryingtosaveachildintheearthquake.A.killedB.iskilledC.waskilledD.waskilling9.—Howaretheteamplaying?—Theyareplayingwell,butoneofthem_____hurt.A.gotB.getsC.areD.were10.—Youhaven'tsaidawordaboutmynewcoat,Brenda.Doyoulikeit?—I'msorry,I_____anythingaboutitsooner.Icertainlythinkit'sprettyonyou.A.wasn'tsayingB.don'tsayC.won'tsayD.didn'tsay11.IwonderwhyJenny____usrecently.Weshouldhaveheardfromherbynow.A.hasn'twrittenB.doesn'twriteC.won'twriteD.hadn'twritten12.Myuncle______untilhewasforty–five.A.marriedB.didn'tmarryC.wasnotmarryingD.wouldmarry13.—Whenwillyoucometoseeme,Dad?—Iwillgotoseeyouwhenyou_____thetrainingcourse.A.willhavefinishedB.willfinishC.arefinishingD.finish14.—Howlong_____atthisjob?—Since1990A.wereyouemployedB.haveyoubeenemployedC.hadyoubeenemployedD.willyoubeemployed15.Withtherapidgrowthofpopulation,thecity_____inalldirectionsinthepastfiveyears.A.spreadsB.hasspreadC.spreadD.hadspread16.Thesilenceofthelibrary_____onlybythesoundofpagesbeingturnedover.A.hasbeenbrokenB.breaksC.brokeD.wasbroken17.Allmorningasshewaitedforthemedicalreportfromthedoctor,hernervousness_____.A.hasgrownB.isgrowingC.grewD.hadgrown18.Whydon'tyouputthemeatinthefridge?Itwill_____freshforseveraldays.A.bestayedB.stayC.bestayingD.havestayed19.—Sorry,Joe,Ididn'tmeanto—Don'tcallme"Joe".I'mMrParkertoyou,and_____youforgetit!A.doB.didn'tC.didD.don't20.Atthistimetomorrow_____overtheAtlantic.A.we'regoingtoflyB.we'llbeflyingC.we'llflyD.we'retofly21.Thenewscameasnosurprisetome.I_____forsometimethatthefactorywasgoingtoshutdown.A.hadknownB.knewC.haveknownD.know22.IthoughtJimwouldsaysomethingabouthisschoolreport,buthe______it.A.doesn'tmentionB.hadn'tmentionedC.didn'tmentionD.hasn'tmentioned23.NooneinthedepartmentbutTomandI_____thatthedirectorisgoingtoresign.A.knowsB.knowC.haveknownD.amtoknow24.Althoughhehaslivedwithusforyears,he______usmuchimpression.A.hadn'tleftB.didn'tleaveC.doesn'tleaveD.hasn'tleft25.howcanyoupossiblymissthenews?It_____onTValldaylong.A.hasbeenB.badbeenC.wasD.willbe26.—Sorrytohaveinterruptedyou.Pleasegoon.—WherewasI?—You_____youdidn'tlikeyourfather'sjob.A.hadsaidB.saidC.weresayingD.hadbeensaying27.Iarrivedlate;I_____theroadtobesocrowded.A.wouldn'texpectB.haven'texpectedC.hadn'texpectedD.wasn'texpecting28.I______whilereadingtheEnglishtextbook.Luckily,myroommatewokemeupintime!A.hadfallenasleepB.havefallenasleepC.fellasleepD.fallasleep29.Let'skeeptothepointorwe______anydecisions.A.willneverreachB.haveneverreachedC.neverreachD.neverreached30.Mymindwasn'tonwhathewassaying,soI'mafraidI_____halfofit.A.wasmissingB.hadmissedC.willmissD.missed答案與解析1、B根據(jù)題意先排除D項(xiàng)，因?yàn)榛卮鸱揭f(shuō)明書現(xiàn)在的情況；A項(xiàng)haveprepare說(shuō)明已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好，C項(xiàng)prepare是目前的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，B項(xiàng)瑞在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作的示完性。因此B項(xiàng)為最佳答案。2、B句意：因?yàn)長(zhǎng)ucy失業(yè)了，所以她在考慮重返校園，但她現(xiàn)在還沒(méi)決定。根據(jù)題意說(shuō)話者在說(shuō)現(xiàn)在的情況，因此排除了A、C、D三項(xiàng)，B飛行員現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示現(xiàn)在的事，進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)"考慮"這個(gè)動(dòng)作的"未完性"，所以是最佳答案。3、C句意：北京市市長(zhǎng)說(shuō)所有北京奧林區(qū)克建筑將于2006年完成。此題考查英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)，很顯然本題應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，因此排除B、D根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)by2006，應(yīng)選擇將來(lái)完成時(shí)，因此選C。4、A題干中主句為Selectingamobilephone…isnoeasytask,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示了一種"含此刻在內(nèi)的廣泛意義上的現(xiàn)在時(shí)間"，使用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)（…isnoeasytask）;后面的狀態(tài)從句（because…）中則說(shuō)明原因?yàn)?技術(shù)更新變化迅速"，應(yīng)采用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：（technology）ischanging(sorapidly).現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)在此表示了一種"持續(xù)變化"的狀態(tài)，體現(xiàn)了"變化、趨勢(shì)、發(fā)展和進(jìn)展"5、D題干后的分句（but…）為轉(zhuǎn)折語(yǔ)氣，并在句中使用了現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)（Ihaven'thadtimetoplay）,表示自從newyear以來(lái)一直沒(méi)有打過(guò)乒乓球，由此可以排除選項(xiàng)B（willplay）、C（haveplayed）.由此推斷前一人句中所說(shuō)狀態(tài)為"含此刻在內(nèi)的廣泛意義上的現(xiàn)在時(shí)間"，則空中應(yīng)該使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表達(dá)這一時(shí)間概念。6、D句意為：參觀者被要求不觸摸展品。所以應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)形式。7、D第一空為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，與一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用（foreightyears）;第二空：在一次晚會(huì)上認(rèn)識(shí)之前就見(jiàn)過(guò)，上是"過(guò)去的過(guò)去"的一個(gè)動(dòng)作，幫選D。8、C從上下文可知，Ted已經(jīng)死了，屬于過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，對(duì)于動(dòng)詞kill來(lái)講，應(yīng)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選C9、A由題中所設(shè)語(yǔ)境可知，一句隊(duì)員受傷應(yīng)是過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，故選A。10、D從對(duì)話題干所設(shè)語(yǔ)境看，此處談?wù)摰氖沁^(guò)去所沒(méi)有發(fā)生的事（youhaven'tsaidaword…）此對(duì)話中，Brenda為自己沒(méi)能對(duì)朋友所穿新衣早加贊賞向?qū)Ψ奖硎厩敢猓籹ooner(=atanearliertime)作為附加狀語(yǔ)傳達(dá)了十分重要的時(shí)間信息。此處仍應(yīng)使用表示過(guò)去行為的簡(jiǎn)單過(guò)去時(shí)，與后面句子中的現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)（Icertainlythink…）形成對(duì)照。其余選項(xiàng)所給時(shí)態(tài)…h(huán)asn'twrittenusrecently。11、A前句中recently與事句中動(dòng)詞民用的語(yǔ)氣為重要提示：Weshouldhaveheardfromherbynow.=Wehaven,theardfromherbynow此處討論最近該發(fā)生而沒(méi)發(fā)生的事，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)：…h(huán)asn'twrittenusrecently.12、Bmarry是終止性動(dòng)詞，用在此not…until句型中表示"我叔叔直到四十五歲才結(jié)婚。"13、Dwhen從句中通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)形式表將來(lái)時(shí)間。14、B答語(yǔ)中的since1990是關(guān)鍵信息。15、B時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)inthepastfiveyears與現(xiàn)在時(shí)間有關(guān)。16、D圖書館的安靜被打破，故須用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；情景中找不出與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的時(shí)間信息，故A是錯(cuò)誤的。17、Cgrow與as從句里的wait發(fā)生。題干前半句為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，提供了極為重要的時(shí)間線索：Allmorningasshewaited…，表示了過(guò)去的一段延續(xù)時(shí)間，本空之中動(dòng)詞所表示的行為（hernervousness"grow"）與此同時(shí)進(jìn)行。此處仍應(yīng)使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。本題中與現(xiàn)在時(shí)間相關(guān)的兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A.hasgrownBisgrowing)很容易排除；D項(xiàng)（hadgrown）過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)，應(yīng)用于表示過(guò)去特定時(shí)間之前的行為，與語(yǔ)境不符，也可排除。18、Bstay這晨是系動(dòng)詞的用法，不用被動(dòng)形式。根據(jù)本題設(shè)空之后所執(zhí)著續(xù)的形容詞fresh判斷，選項(xiàng)所給動(dòng)詞stay為系動(dòng)詞（=tocontinueorremaininaplace,positionorcondition——COLLINSNEWENGLISHDICTIONARY）,因此，很容易排除A項(xiàng)（系動(dòng)詞不可能使用權(quán)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）；從句意看，說(shuō)話人向?qū)Ψ教岢鼋ㄗh（Whydon'tyou…？），然后闡明依據(jù)（themeatwill…），應(yīng)該是stay的一般形式，而不會(huì)是進(jìn)行式（C項(xiàng)bestaying）或完成式（D項(xiàng)havestayed）。19、D注意MrParker這里針對(duì)的是"Sorry,Joe"這件事，而不是"Ididn'tmeanto…"那件事。而前者正是"此時(shí)此刻"發(fā)生的，故應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。句意：你應(yīng)稱呼我帕克先生，你不是忘了吧！題干選材為大小對(duì)話形式，語(yǔ)境完整，前者向Joe道歉，后者（joe本人）拒不接受道歉，認(rèn)為稱呼自己為Joe是："套近乎"。提醒并警醒對(duì)方，語(yǔ)氣非常嚴(yán)厲。20、Batthistimetom