2022-2023學年湘豫名校聯(lián)考高三（上）一輪復習診斷英語試卷（10月份）（附答案詳解）

2022-2023學年湘豫名校聯(lián)考高三（上）一輪復習診斷英語試卷

（10月份）

一、閱讀理解（本大題共15小題，共30.0分）

A

ASecondHarvestFoodBank

Weareapurpose-drivenorganizationcommittedtodoingwhateverittakestoensureallarewell

fed.Providingfairandconsistentaccesstonutritiousfoodcreatesafoundationfbrcommunityhealth.In

theyear2021-2022,weprovidedover59millionpoundsoffoodthroughprogramsthatservedanaverage

of490,000peoplepermonthinOrangeCounty.

Learnmoreat.

CONTACT

Address：8014MarineWay,Irvine,CA92618

Phone：9496532900

Email：info@

Website：

Facebook：@secondharvestfoodbankoc

Twitter：@secondharvestfb

Instagram：@secondharvestfoodbankoc

MISSIONSTATEMENT

ThemissionofSecondHarvestFoodBankofOrangeCountyistoendhungerinOrangeCounty.

SERVICEAREA

OrangeCounty

GETINVOLVED

Donate-Oneofthemostimpactfulwaystomakeadifferencethisholidayseasonisbymakingafinancial

gifttoSecondHarvestFoodBank.Every$1donatedhelpsusprovideatleast3mealsfbrhungrychildren,

seniors,andfamilies.Youmaymakeagiftonlineat,mailacheck,orconsideraminimum

distributionthroughyourretirementaccount.

Hostavirtualfooddrive-SecondHarvest'sVirtualFoodDrivesmakeiteasytoraisefundstohelpOrange

Countyfamilies.AconvenientInternet-basedtool,VirtualFoodDrives,isafunwaytoengageyour

employees,colleagues,friends,andfamilywhilehelpingprovidenutritiousfoodforthoseinneedin

OrangeCounty.Formoreinformation,visit.

Volunteer-Giveagiftoftimethisholidayseason!SecondHarvestoffersfunandengagingvolunteer

opportunitiesforindividualsmorethan12yearsoldandcorporategroupsatourHarvestSolutionsFarm

andourfooddistributioncenter.Formoreinformation,visit/volunteer.

1.WhatcanwelearnabouttheprogramfromParagraph1?

A.Itshistory.B.Itsfuture.

C.Itsfounder.D.Itsachievement.

2.Whatistheaimoftheprogram?

A.Tostoremorefood.

B.Toraisemoneyforthepoor.

C.Toendhungerinacertainarea.

D.Tosolvetheworld'shungerproblem.

3.Howcanteenagersparticipantintheprogram?

A.Bycookingfoodforthehungry.

B.Bydoingvoluntarywork.

C.Bydonatinghome-madedishes.

D.BycreatingInternet-basedtools.

B

ForweeksI'dbeenwatchingMarty.Iknewthatsomethingwasgoingonwithhimthathewasnottelling

meabout.Isawhowhesilentlycollectedhistinyallowanceandputitaway,spendingnotacentofit.Ihad

noideawhatallthisquietactivitywasabout,butIsuspectedthatsomehowithadsomethingtodowith

Kenny.

KennywasMarty'sbestfriend,whosefamilyweredesperatelypoor,andhismotherwasaproudwoman

andneverreceivedothers'help.

OnenightshortlybeforeChristmas,Martycametomeandsaidinatonemixedwithpleasureandpride,

“Mom,I'veboughtKennyaChristmaspresent."Sothat'swhathe'sbeenupto,Isaidtomyself.It's

somethinghe'swantedforalong,longtime,Mom.',

Itwasalittlecompass."It*salovelygift,Marty,"Isaid,butevenasIspoke,adisturbingthoughtcame

tomind.IknewhowKenny'smotherfeltabouttheirpoverty（貧窮）.Theycouldhardlyaffordtoexchange

giftsamongthemselves,andgivingpresentstootherswasdifficultoutofthequestion.Iwassurethat

Kenny'sproudmotherwouldnotpermithersontoreceivesomethinghecouldnotreturninkind.

Gently,carefully,ItalkedovertheproblemwithMarty.HeunderstoodwhatIwassaying.

"Iknow,Mom,Iknow...butwhatifitwasasecret?Whatiftheyneverfoundoutwhogaveit?”

Ididn'tknowhowtoanswerhim.

OnChristmasEve,IsawMartyslipoutthedoorwithatiny,colorfullywrappedboxinhispocket.The

nextday,whenweopenedourpresents,Kennywasknockingonthedoor,eagertoshowMartyhisnew

compass.HetoldMartysomeonepressedthedoorbelllastnightandleftitonthedoorstep.ltwasplainthat

Kennydidn'tsuspectMartyatall,andwhilethetwoofthemtalked,Martyjustsmiledandsmiled.

4.WhatdidtheauthorwanttotellusinParagraph1?

A.Marty'sstrangebehavior.B.Marty*squietcharacter.

C.Marty'scollectionofcoins.D.Marty'spreferenceformoney.

5.WhydidtheauthormentionKenny'smotherwasveryproud?

A.Toshowtheauthordislikedher.

B.TostophersonbuyinggiftsforKenny.

C.ToprovewhatanunhappylifeKennylived.

D.ToexplainwhyMartywouldsendhisgiftsecretly.

6.WhichwordcanbeusedtodescribeMarty?

A.Caring.B.Responsible.C.Honest.D.Independent.

7.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.ChristmasEveB.ASecretGift

C.PoorBoyKennyD.ALifelongFriendship

c

Historically,spacefoodwasmainlyprovidedinpastes（糊）andeatenfromtubes.In1961,thefirstfood

waseateninspacebyYuriGagarin,whobecamethefirstmaninspaceandthefirstpersontoeatin

space.AboardVostok1on12April1961,Gagarinatebeefpastefromatubebysqueezingitintohis

mouth.

Asscienceandtechnologyhaveprovideduswithnewformsoffoodprocessingandpackaging,thefoods

havealsoimprovedtonowmanymealswehaveonEarth.Whenplanningwhichfoodstosendintospace,

theyaredividedintothefollowinggroups：

Freshfoods-producewithatwo-dayshelflife,suchasfruitandvegetables,isrefrigeratedonboardthe

spacecraftandconsumedquicklytoavoidgoingbad.Asvitaminsandnutrientscangenerallybesatisfied

byothermeans,thisproductissenttokeepspiritshigh.

Irradiated（輻照的）foods-meatanddairyproducehavebeenspeciallyprocessedbeforepackagingto

increasetheitems'shelflife.

Intermediatemoisture（水分適中）foods-thesefoodscontainasmallquantityofwaterandareoften

soft.Processessuchassaltingorsun-dryingareusedinthecreationoftheseitemsandrequirenofurther

preparation.

Naturalformfoods-foodssuchasnuts,biscuits,andchocolatebarsaresimplypackagedandreadytoeat.

Rehydratable（nJ復水的）foodsanddrinks-foralongtime,thiswasthestandardmethodofpreparingfood

forspace.Removingthewaterfromthefoodordrinkmakesitdifficultforbacteriatomultiplyand

dramaticallyextendstheproduct'sshelflife,andreducesthechanceofthemgoingbad.Theseproducts

havewaterreturnedtothemwhenastronautsarereadytoeat.

Today,astronautshavearangeoffoodtochoosefrom.OntheISS（InternationalSpaceStation）,food

isdeliveredrefrigeratedordehydrated（脫水的）onceevery90days,whichcanbecookedin

microwaves.DifferentnationsaboardtheISSprovidetheirtraditionalcoursesandsnacks,helpingthe

crewtosharetheircultureswhilehavingatasteofhome.

8.WhyisGagarinmentionedinthetext?

A.Totellpeopleastronauts*dailylife.

B.Toinformreadersofthefirstfoodinspace.

C.Toshowtheformoffoodonceeateninspace.

D.Toindicatethepoorlivingconditionsinspace.

9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"resemble"meaninParagraph2?

A.Replace.B.Change.C.Addto.D.Looklike.

10.Whichkindoffoodisprocessedbysalt?

A.Freshfoods.B.Irradiatedfoods.

C.Intermediatemoisturefoods.D.Naturalformfoods.

11.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthetext?

A.Thefoodhistoryinspace.

B.Whatastronautsfeedoninspace.

C.Theastronauts*favoritefood.

D.Whatleadstothevariedspacefood.

D

Whenyou'resupertired,youmaybemorelikelytotakeanapthangrabasnack.Whataboutmosquitoes?

Scientistshavelongbeeninterestedinmosquitosleepcycles.

However,it'shardtostudysleepingmosquitoes.That^partlybecausemosquitoeswillgetexcitedwhen

theysenseameal：theexperimenter.Thatmakesitdifficultfortheinsectstonodoff.Andwhenmosquitoes

donodoff,theylookrathersimilartothosethatarejustrestingtosaveenergy.

AjayiattheUniversityofCincinnatiandhiscolleaguesstudiedmosquitoes'sleep.Theteamfocusedon

threespeciesknowntocarrydiseases.Thefirst,Aedesaegypti,isactivebyday.Thesecond,Culexpipiens,

preferstodineafterdusk.Thethird-themalaria-carryingAnophelesstephensi-isupatnight.Allthese

mosquitoeswereleftaloneinaroom.There,theteamusedcamerasandsensorstospyonthem.Together,

theseobservationshelpedtheresearchersspotasleepingmosquito.

Afterabouttwohours,themosquitoesappearedtonodoff.Theydidn'tmoveforalongtime.Andastime

wenton,CulexpipiensandAedesaegyptishowedlessresponsewhentheexperimenterwalkedinthe

room.Thisshowedthatatastysmellwaslesslikelytowakethosespecieswheninadeepsleep.

Thentheinsectswereplacedincleartubesthatwereshakeneveryfewminutestokeepthemfromfalling

intoadeepsleep.After4to12hours,theteamexposedtheinsectstosomeheatedsweat.Thatmimicked

（模仿）thepresenceofahostonwhichthemosquitoescouldsnack.Inanotherexperiment,ahuman

volunteerofferedupalegformosquitoestofeedonforfiveminutes.

Inbothcases,themosquitoesthatgotafullnightsrestweremuchmorelikelytolandonthehostthan

sleep-deprived（剝奪）ones.Ineighttests,anaverageof77percentofthewell-restedmosquitoeswent

forabloodmeal.Only23percentofmosquitoesthatweresleepydidthesame.

Thefindingsopenavenuesforresearchintocontrollingmosquitoes,Ajayisays.That,inturn,couldhelp

keeppeoplesafefrommosquito-spreaddiseases.

12.Whataddsdifficultytostudyingsleepingmosquitoes?

A.Mosquitoes*dailyroutines.

B.Thesmellofhumanbeings.

C.Thewidevarietyofmosquitoes.

D.Mosquitoes*differentsleepinghabits.

13.WhatdidAjayidotostudymosquitoes?

A.Hetrackedmosquitoes'behavior.

B.Hetestedthemosquitoesonhisleg.

C.Hewentovermanypreviousstudies.

D.Heexposedmosquitoestomanysnacks.

14.Whatisthefindingofthestudy?

A.Mosquitoesneedmoresleepthanhumans.

B.Mosquitoesneverbitewhenlackingsleep.

C.Sleepymosquitoeslikethesmellofheatedsweat.

D.Sleepymosquitoesaremorelikelytosleepthantoeat.

15.Whatisthesignificanceofthisstudy?

A.Itcanhelptounderstandhumansleep.

B.Itcanhelptocontrolthespreadofsomediseases.

C.Itcanhelptotofindouttechnologytomimickmosquitoes.

D.Itcanhelptodiscoverthedifferencesbetweenvariousmosquitoes.

二、閱讀七選五(本大題共5小題，共10.0分)

Specifically,citizenscienceiswhenthepublicvoluntarilyhelpsconductscientificresearch.Citizen

scientistsmaydesignexperiments,collectdata,analyzeresults,andsolveproblems.(1)Thesedatahelp

professionalscientistsandresourcemanagersanswerscientificquestionsandsolveimportant

problems.Andtheactivityhelpsparticipantsbuildmeaningfulconnectionstoscience.

Anyonecanbeacitizenscientist,regardlessofwherethey'refrom.(2)Allittakesissometime,curiosity,

andasenseofwonder.

Whydoesthenationalparkssupportcitizenscience?Fortworeasons-goodmanagementofparks,and

goodexperiencesforvisitors.

(3)Sometimesthebestwaytogetthatinformationisthroughcitizenscienceprojects.Forexample,

managersmightneedtoknowwhencertainkindsofplantsbloom.

Dataonflowertimingcanhelpthemknowwhichbutterfliesneedspecialprotection.Theymightnothave

enoughtimetocountallthoseflowersacrossthepark.Buthundredsofvisitorshikingintheparkcando.

Citizenscienceisalsoawayforvisitorstoenjoyandlearnaboutscienceandtheirparks.(4)Citizen

sciencehelpsthenationalparksfillthatrole.Oneofthebestwaystolearnscienceistodoscience.Andby

doingscience,peoplecanappreciatetheirparksinnewways.

Formostprojectsinnationalparks,it'stheprofessionalscientistsandmanagerswhodecidewhattopicis

important,howtostudyit,andhowtousetheresults.Thepublicwhomayrangefromparkvisitorsto

studentgroupsorlocalcommunitymembersisinvited,encouraged,andenabledtoparticipate.⑸

Therearemanycitizenscienceparkprojects,andtherewillbemoreinthefuture.

A.Theytypicallydosobycollectingdata.

B.Innationalparks,mostcitizenscientistscollectdata.

C.Andtheseparticipantscanusetheirownwaytostudy.

D.Itdoesn'tmatterhowoldyouareorwhatyourbackgroundis.

E.Thereisalotofinformationabouttheroleofcitizenscientists.

F.Thenationalparkshaveapubliceducationroleandresponsibility.

G.Forgoodmanagement,theparksusethebestavailablescientificinformation.

16.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

17.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

18.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

19.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.E

F.FG.G

20.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

三、完形填空(本大題共20小題，共30.0分)

"Gogethelp.'*ThosewerethelastwordsTracyHodges(21)beforeslippingoutofherchairandfalling(22)

infrontof12terrifiedfirst-gradestudents.

TracyhasbeenteachingatCedarHillElementaryfor28years.ButwhathappenedonthatJanuary

morningwasunlikeanythingshe'dever(23)before,insidetheclassroomorout.

Theclasshadjustfinishedan(24)thatinvolveddancing.Tiredandstillexcited,theysatdownto(25)

themselveswhentheynoticedtheirteacherwasshakingandseemed(26).Thenshefelloutofthechairand

hitherhead.

Asshe(27),sheaskedthestudentstohelp-sothey(28).AfewstudentsstayedbyTracy'sside.Therest(29)

twogroups.Onegrouprantoaneighboringclassroomtogettheteacher's(30),andtheothersrantogetthe

schoolnurse.

Tracywastakentothehospital,wheretheydiscoveredshehad(31)sufferedlowbloodsugar.Aftershe

cametoherself,shewas(32)toreturntoschoolsoshecouldputherstudents*mind(33)andassurethem

sheisokay.

Herbiggest(34)wasthatthestudentshadtowitnesssomethingso(35),butthecommunityfoundawayto

turntheeventintoa(36),ofsorts.AllofTracy*sstudentswere(37)ataschool-widemeetingwherethey

receivedcertificatesandmedalsfortheir(38)!

Thestudentsareso(39)ofbeingconsideredasheroes!We'resogladthisstoryhasahappy(40).

21.A.heardB.saidC.readD.wrote

22.A.silentB.asleepC.unconsciousD.flat

23.A.discoveredB.experiencedC.triedD.needed

24.A.activityB.agreementC.announcementD.exchange

25.A.collectB.dressC.amuseD.introduce

26.A.uncertainB.impatientC.dissatisfiedD.unsteady

27.A.leftB.listenedC.appearedD.collapsed

28.A.cameB.agreedC.didD.worked

29.A.sentforB.brokeinto

C.calledinD.participatedin

30.A.helpB.praiseC.attentionD.permission

31.A.graduallyB.suddenlyC.eventuallyD.actually

32.A.forcedB.chosenC.allowedD.begged

33.A.athandB.ateaseC.atsightD.atrandom

34.A.regretB.challengeC.mistakeD.characteristic

35.A.boringB.importantC.difficultD.scary

36.A.gameB.competitionC.celebrationD.lesson

37.A.honoredB.questionedC.confirmedD.examined

38.A.honestyB.heroismC.generosityD.selflessness

39.A.shyB.hopefulC.proudD.sure

40.A.influenceB.backgroundC.opportunityD.ending

四、語法填空(本大題共1小題，共15.0分)

41.Carryingthespiritofanation,culturalrelicsandheritagesareirreplaceableresourcesfora

civilization.AgreatmanyChineserelics(1)(become)morepopularoverthepast10yearsand

allowedpeoplefromaroundtheworldtoknowChineseculturebetter.

Thoughmostancientfigurines(陶俑)areondisplayatmuseums,manyyoungartistsinChinafeel

theydeservetobeseenbya⑵(wide)audiencethanthelimitednumberofpeoplewhovisit

museums.

Inrecentyears,alargenumberofartists,dancersandTV(3)(direct)haveusedcreativemeans

tobringthesefigurinestolife,thusexpandingtheiraudienceand(4)(set)offawaveofdiscussion

aboutTangfigurinesandthepursuitoftraditionalChinese(5)(beautiful).

Asancientinstrumentsareplayedtogether,agroupofpaintedTangfigures(6)(gradual)“walk

out'*fromamuseumandtransformintoTangDynastycourtladieswithvividexpressionsontheir

faces.

Thissceneis(7)beginningofNightBanquetintheTangDynastyPalace,ahitChinesedanceshow

(8)wasperformedduringHenanTV'sSpringFestivalGalain2021.Once(9)(bury)inancient

tombsandnowpartofthecollectionattheHenanMuseum,thesefigurinescame(10)lifeforthefirst

timeinmorethan1,000yearsbecauseoftheshow.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

五、短文改錯(本大題共1小題，共10.0分)

42.假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有

10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。

增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(A),并在其下面寫出該加的詞。

刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。

修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。

注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；

2.只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。

LastSunday,myclassmateandIwenttoMountTai.ItwasthefirsttimeIhaveclimbedthis

mountain.Butasalocal,myclassmatesnotonlyhadbeentheremanytimesbutalsoknewalotofthis

famousmountain.Workedasmyguide,shetoldmemanyrelatedstoriesalongway.Shewasso

knowledgeable,whichwasunknowntome.AndthatimpressedmemostwasthebeautyofMount

Tai.IwassoexcitingwhenIstoodonthemountainandatthesametimeasenseofpridewasflooded

me.ShewassoproudofourcountrybutsoproudofbeingaChinese.

六、書面表達（本大題共1小題，共25.0分）

43.你校學生會計劃組建游泳隊。請你在英語校報上寫封倡議書，號召同學們參加。內(nèi)容包括:

1.活動目的；2.注意事項；3.呼吁參加。

注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右：

2.可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

(1)

(2)

(3)

答案和解析

1~3.【答案】D、C、B

【解析】（1）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)首段中Intheyear2021-2022,weprovidedover59millionpounds

offoodthroughprogramsthatservedanaverageof490,000peoplepermonthinOrangeCounty.（在

2021到2022年，我們通過項目提供了5900多萬磅食品，平均每月為奧蘭治縣49萬人提供服務）

可知，從第一段了解到這個項目所取得的成績。故選D。

（2）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)MISSIONSTATEMENT中ThemissionofSecondHarvestFoodBankof

OrangeCountyistoendhungerinOrangeCounty.（奧蘭治縣第二豐收糧食銀行的使命是結(jié)束奧蘭治

縣的饑餓）可知，這項活動的目的是消除奧蘭治縣的饑餓。故選C。

（3）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)末段SecondHarvestoffersfunandengagingvolunteeropportunitiesfor

individualsmorethan12yearsold.（第二豐收為12歲以上的人提供有趣的志愿者機會）可知，青少

年通過做志愿工作參與該計劃。故選B。

本文是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了奧蘭治縣第二豐收糧食銀行這一組織的相關情況，包括聯(lián)系

方式、使命以及參與方式等。

做這類題材閱讀理解時要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時結(jié)合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關語

句進行仔細分析，結(jié)合選項選出正確答案。

4~7.【答案】A、D、A、B

【解析】（1）推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段Ihadnoideawhatallthisquietactivitywasabout,

butIsuspectedthatsomehowithadsomethingtodowithKenny.（我不知道這些安靜的活動是關于什

么的，但我懷疑這與肯尼有關。）可知作者想在第一段告訴我們馬蒂的奇怪行為。故選A。

（2）推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段IknewhowKenny'smotherfeltabouttheirpoverty（貧

窮）,Theycouldhardlyaffordtoexchangegiftsamongthemselves,

andgivingpresentstootherswasdifficultoutofthequestion.!wassurethatKenny'sproudmotherwoul

dnotpermithersontoreceivesomethinghecouldnotreturninkind.（我知道肯尼的母親對他們的貧

困是怎么想的。他們幾乎沒有能力在他們之間交換禮物，而送禮物給別人也是不可能的。我敢肯

定，肯尼那位驕傲的母親不會允許她的兒子接受他無法以實物回報的東西。）可知作者提到肯尼

的母親非常自豪地解釋為什么馬蒂會偷偷送他的禮物。故選D。

（3）觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章第三段"Mom,I'veboughtKennyaChristmaspresent."（"媽媽,我給

肯尼買了一份圣誕禮物。"）可知馬蒂是關心他人的。A.Caring.關心的：B.Responsible.負責的；

C.Honest.誠實的；D.Independent.獨立的。故選A。

（4）標題歸納題。根據(jù)文章最后一段

HetoldMartysomeonepressedthedoorbelllastnightandleftitonthedoorstep.ltwasplainthatKenny

didn'tsuspectMartyatall,andwhilethetwoofthemtalked,Martyjustsmiledandsmiled.（他告訴馬

蒂昨晚有人按了門鈴，然后把它放在門階上。很明顯，肯尼根本沒有懷疑馬蒂，當他們兩人交談

時，馬蒂只是笑了又笑。）可知本文主要講述了由于肯尼的母親非常驕傲，因此作者的兒子給肯

尼秘密地送了一件禮物。所以B.ASecretGift（秘密禮物）是本文的最佳標題。故選B。

本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了由于肯尼的母親非常驕傲，因此作者的兒子給肯尼秘密地送了一

件禮物。

一、速讀全文，了解大意知主題。

閱讀能力一般指閱讀速度和理解能力兩個方面。閱讀速度是閱讀最基本的能力，考生必須在

十分有限的時間內(nèi)運用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速閱讀，搜尋關鍵詞、主題句，捕捉時空、順

序、情節(jié)、人物、觀點，并且理清文章脈絡，把握語篇實質(zhì)。

二、看題干，帶著問題讀文章。

首先要掌握問題的類型，客觀信息題可以從文章中直接找到答案；而主觀判斷題考查的是對

文章的感情基調(diào)等，這類題必須經(jīng)過對作者的態(tài)度、意圖以及對整篇文章進行深一層的推理等。

其次，了解試題題干以及各個選項所包含的信息，然后有針對性地對文章進行掃讀，對有關信息

進行快速定位。此法加強了閱讀的針對性，提高了做題的準確率。

三、邏輯推理，做好深層理解題。

在實際閱讀中，有時作者并未把意圖說出來，閱讀者要根據(jù)字面意思，通過語篇邏輯關系，

研究細節(jié)的暗示，推敲作者的態(tài)度，理解文章的寓義。要求讀者對文字的表面信息進行分析、挖

掘和邏輯推理，不能就事論事，以偏概全。推理題在提問中常用的詞有：infer,imply,suggest,

indicate等?

四、猜詞悟義，掃除閱讀攔路虎。

猜詞是應用英語的重要能力。它不但需要準確無誤地理解上下文，而且要有較大的泛讀量，

掌握或認識較多的課外詞匯。我們要學會”順藤摸瓜“，通過構詞，語法，定義，同位，對比，因

果，常識，上下文等線索確定詞義。

8?11.【答案】C、D、C、B

【解析】（1）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段Historically,spacefoodwasmainlyprovidedinpastes（^8）

andeatenfromtubes.In1961,thefirstfoodwaseateninspacebyYuriGagarin,whobecamethefirstman

inspaceandthefirstpersontoeatinspace.AboardVostok1on12April1961,Gagarinatebeefpastefrom

alubebysqueezingitintohismouth.（從歷史上看，太空食品主要是以糊狀物的形式提供，而且從

管子里吃。并通過管道食用。1961年，YuriGagarin在太空吃到了第一份食物，他成為了太空第

一人，也是第一個在太空吃飯的人。1961年4月12日在東方1號上，Gagarin把一管牛肉醬擠到

嘴里吃。）以及第二段Asscienceandtechnologyhaveprovideduswithnewformsoffoodprocessing

andpackaging,thefoodshavealsoimprovedtonow___manymealswehaveonEarth.（隨著科學

技術為我們提供了新形式的食品加工和包裝，食品也得到改進，現(xiàn)在類似于我們在地球上的許多

膳食。）可知，文中提到Gagarin是為了說明曾經(jīng)的太空食品的形態(tài)。故選C。

（2）詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段Asscienceandtechnologyhaveprovideduswithnewformsoffood

processingandpackaging,thefoodshavealsoimprovedtonow___manymealswehaveonEarth.（隨

著科學技術為我們提供了新形式的食品加工和包裝，食品也得到改進，現(xiàn)在—我們在地球上的

許多膳食。）最后一段Today,astronautshavearangeoffoodtochoosefrom.（今天,宇航員有一

系歹U的食物可供選擇。）最后——句DifferentnationsaboardtheISSprovidetheirtraditionalcoursesand

snacks,helpingthecrewtosharetheircultureswhilehavingatasteofhome.（國際空間站上的不同國

家提供他們的傳統(tǒng)菜肴和小吃，幫助宇航員在品嘗家鄉(xiāng)味道的同時分享他們的文化。）可知，現(xiàn)

在帶入太空的食品和我們地球上吃的食物很相似，故判斷”—”和“l(fā)ooklike（看上去像）”含義接

近。A.Replace代替；B.Change改變；C.Addto增加；D.Looklike看起來像。故選D。

（3）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段Processessuchassaltingorsun-dryingareusedinthecreationofthese

itemsandrequirenofurtherpreparation.（這些物品的制作過程中使用了用鹽腌制或曬干等工藝，不

需要進一步的準備。）可知，在"Intermediatemoisturefoods”的制作過程中使用了鹽。故選C。

（4）主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段Asscienceandtechnologyhaveprovideduswithnewformsoffood

processingandpackaging,thefoodshavealsoimprovedtonow___manymealswehaveonEarth.When

planningwhichfoodstosendintospace,theyaredividedintothefollowinggroups.（隨著科學技術為

我們提供了新的食品加工和包裝形式，這些食品也得到了改進，現(xiàn)在類似于我們在地球上的許多

餐。在計劃將哪些食物送入太空時，它們被分為以下幾組。）再結(jié)合最后一段Today,astronautshave

arangeoffoodtochoosefrom.（今天，宇航員有一系列的食物可供選擇。）可知，本文主要介紹

了宇航員的食物，B.Whalastronautsfeedoninspace.（太空中宇航員吃什么）能概括全文，故選B。

本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了宇航員在太空的飲食，太空食品從最初的糊狀物到現(xiàn)在形式的多

樣化。

做這類題材閱讀理解時要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時結(jié)合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關語

句進行仔細分析，結(jié)合選項選出正確答案。

12?15.【答案】B、A、D、B

【解析】（1）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段However,it'shardtostudysleepingmosquitoes.Thafspartly

becausemosquitoeswillgetexcitedwhentheysenseameal：theexperimenter.Thatmakesitdifficultfor

theinsectstonodoff.Andwhenmosquitoesdonodoff,theylookrathersimilartothosethatarejust

restingtosaveenergy.（然而，很難研究睡眠中的蚊子。部分原因是當蚊子感知到有大餐即實驗者

在場時，它們會變得興奮，這讓它們很難打瞌睡。當蚊子確實在睡眠時，它們又非常類似于那些

只是休息來保持能量的狀態(tài)。）可知，在場的實驗者，人的氣味會刺激蚊子，因此使蚊子很難進

入睡眠狀態(tài)。故選B。

（2）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段There,theteamusedcamerasandsensorstospyonthem.（在那里,

該小組使用攝像機和傳感器來監(jiān)視它們。）以及第四段Afterabouttwohours,themosquitoesappeared

tonodoff.Theydidn'tmoveforalongtime.Andastimewenton,CulexpipiensandAedesaegyptishowed

lessresponsewhentheexperimenterwalkedintheroom.Thisshowedthatatastysmellwaslesslikelyto

wakeIhosespecieswheninade印sleep.（大約兩小時后，蚊子似乎睡著了。他們沒有移動很長時間

了。隨著時間的推移，當實驗者走進房間時，庫蚊和埃及伊蚊的反應減少了。這表明，在深度睡

眠時，美味的氣味不太可能喚醒這些物種。）可知，研究人員通過追蹤蚊子的行為來進行實驗。

故選Ao

（3）推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段Inbothcases,themosquitoesthatgotafullnight'srestweremuch

morelikelytolandonthehostthansleep-deprived（錄“奪）ones.Ineighttests,anaverageof77percent

ofthewell-restedmosquitoeswentforabloodmeal.Only23percentofmosquitoesthatweresleepydid

thesame.（在這兩種情況下，得到一整晚休息的蚊子比睡眠不足的蚊子更有可能落在宿主身上。

在八次測試中，平均77%的休息良好的蚊子去吸血。只有23%的嗜睡的蚊子也做了同樣的事情。）

可知，大多數(shù)缺乏睡眠的蚊子會選擇睡覺而不去叮咬人類。故選D。

（4）推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后