法律英語資料

法律英語

LegalEnglishUnitOne

LawinGeneralI.SuggestedTeachingPlanObjectives:

Studentswillbeableto:1.Understandthemainidea:Courts;Crime;Judge;Jury;Lawyer;JusticeofPeace;Police2.mastersomerelatedlegalterms;understandhowthegovernmentwork3.conductaseriesofreading,listening,speakingandwritingactivitiesrelatedtothethemeoftheunit.Timeallotment1stperiod:Pre-readingactivities(familiarnewwords,warming-upquestionsandbackgroundinformation)2ndperiod:Whilereading(highlightsofthetext)3rdperiod:Highlightsofthetext4thperiod:After-readingactivitiesII.TeachingMethods1.ShowPPT.2.Teachergiveslecturemainly.3.Studentsread,teacherasksquestionswithdetailedexplanation.4.AskstudentsdoPPTtodopresentation.III.CulturalBackgroundNotesMagistrate司法官：

原文來自于拉丁文,指地方官員,后演變?yōu)樵谛≥爡^(qū)內(nèi)審理輕微案件的司法官。香港裁判官一般都是有豐富經(jīng)驗(yàn)和法律知識的，但但也有非專業(yè)性司法官。CulturalBackgroundNotesJury：陪審團(tuán)，英美法系分為大陪審團(tuán)〔GrandJury〕小陪審團(tuán)〔prettyJury〕陪審團(tuán)的任務(wù)是判斷事實(shí)，然后由法官根據(jù)陪審團(tuán)的裁判對犯罪嫌疑人量刑。CulturalBackgroundNotesProbation緩刑：對原有刑罰有條件地不予執(zhí)行的制度。緩刑的條件(1)被判處拘役或者三年以下有期徒刑〔2〕根據(jù)犯罪情節(jié)，悔罪表現(xiàn)，不再危害社會〔3〕不是累犯HouseofLords上議院：亦稱“貴族院〞，由宗教貴族、世俗貴族及一局部蘇格蘭貴族組成。HouseofCommons下議院：亦稱“平民院〞，由郡、市、自治市的代表組成。JusticeofthePeace:兼理一般司法事務(wù)的地方官、治安官IV.DetailedreadingPre-readingtasksWarming-upquestions1.Whatislaw?WhatisLegalEnglish?2.CanyoutelloutsomesymbolsoftheLaw?3.CanyousaysomethingabouttheorganoftheLaw?Contents:CourtsofLaw:Alawcourtisameetingplacesetupbythegovernmentforthejustandpeacefulsettlementofdispute.Crime:Crimeusuallymeansbreakingthelawinaseriousway.Apersonwhohascommittedanumberofcrimesiscalledacriminal.Thecrimecanbedividedintomisdemeanor(slightcrime)andfelony(serouscrime),accordingtotheextentthecrimes.Judge:Ajudgeisalawyerwhohasworkedformostofhislifeinthecourtsandknowsthelawthoroughly.Lawyer:Lawyerearnstheirlivingbyadvisingpeopleandspeakingfortheminthecourts.InBritaintherearetwokindsoflawyers:asolicitorandabarrister..Police:Thefirstdutyofapoliceistoseethatpeopleobeythelaw.Theirdutiesinclude:catchinganimals,directingtraffic,controllingcrowds,findinglostchildren,rescuingpeopleindangerandgivingfirstaidsinaccidents.Prison:Whenapersonhasbeentriedandhisfoundguiltyofacrime,hemaybesenttoprisonforacertaintime.Prisonsusedtobeveryharsh.Therepeoplewerecruellytreated.Insomecountriestheystillare.HouseofCommons:Electedbypeople;representthevoiceofpeople---630persons,wheremoneyandthepoliciesofthegovernmentcanbetalkedaboutwarmly；electionsforseatsinCommonsevery5years.(PrimeMinistercancallforelectionsifhefeelsnecessary)---mostpowerfulbodyinthegovernmentHouseofLords:LifepeersandthosefromChurch—joindebatetoinfluencethecourseofgovernment.---fewpowersLawsaretherulespeopleneedtoagreeuponiftheyaretoliveinpeacetogether.法律是人們?yōu)樵谝黄鹌桨采钚枰恢峦獾囊?guī)那么。Legalsystem:法律制度或法律系統(tǒng)，包括法的淵源，法院系統(tǒng)和律師界。Healsoseesthatthetrialisproperlyrun…seethat:注意、必須要保證V.After-readingactivities.Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext:1.Whatislaw?2.Whatiscourt?3.Whatiscrime?4.Isthereanydifferencebetweenacrimeandanoffence?

5.HowdolawyersearntheirlivingsintheWest?6.Canapolicearrestpeopleashelikes?7.Whatare“open〞prisons?8.Whenwillapersonbesenttoprison?

UnitTwo

TheTwoMajorlegalsystemsintheworld

SuggestedTeachingPlanObjectives:Studentswillbeableto:1.Understandthemainidea(thetwomajorlegalsystemsintheworld)ofthetext;2.Mastersomerelatedlegalterms;3.Conductaseriesofreading,listening,speakingandwritingactivitiesrelatedtothethemeoftheunit.Timeallotment1stperiodPre-readingactivities(familiarnewwords,backgroundinformation)2ndperiodWhilereading(highlightsofthetext)3rdperiodHighlightsofthetext4thperiodAfter-readingactivitiesTeachingMethods1.ShowPPT.2.Teachergiveslecturemainly.3.Studentsread,teacherasksquestionswithdetailedexplanation.4.AskstudentsdoPPTtodopresentation.CulturalBackgroundlegalsystems

Twomajorstructureshaveguidedthedevelopmentoflegalsysteminmostcountriesoftheworld.Theyarecommonlawandcivilorcodelaw.TheUnitedStates,Canada,GreatBritain,andotherEnglish-speakingcountrieshaveacommon-lawsystem.Mostothercountrieshaveacivil-lawsystem.Manycountriescombinefeaturesofbothsystems.Common-lawsystemsarebasedlargelyoncaselaw---thatis,oncourtdecisions.Detailedreading

Pre-readingtasks1.HowmuchdoyouknowaboutThetwomajorlegalsystems?2.WhatisthedifferencebetweentheCommonLawsystemandCivil-LawSystem?ContentsLegalSystem

Everyindependentcountryhasitsownlegalsystem.Eachsituationcallsforthaparticularinteractionofthelegalsystem'smanyelements,notonlyrulesandinstitutions,butalsopeopleandtheirbehavior.Common-lawsystem:普通法系又稱英美法系，是指以英國普通法為根底開展起來的法律的總稱。它首先產(chǎn)生于英國，后擴(kuò)大到曾經(jīng)是英國殖民地、附屬國的許多國家和地區(qū)，包括美國、加拿大、印度、巴基斯坦、孟加拉、馬來西亞、新加坡、澳大利亞、新西蘭以及非洲的個(gè)別國家和地區(qū)。到18世紀(jì)至19世紀(jì)時(shí)，隨著英國殖民地的擴(kuò)張，英國法被傳入這些國家和地區(qū)，英美法系終于開展成為世界主要法系之一。

Civil-lawsystem：大陸法系又稱民法法系、羅馬－日耳曼法系或成文法系。在西方法學(xué)著作中多稱民法法系,中國法學(xué)著作中慣稱大陸法系。指包括歐洲大陸大局部國家從19世紀(jì)初以羅馬法為根底建立起來的、以1804年《法國民法典》和1896年《德國民法典》為代表的法律制度以及其他國家或地區(qū)仿效這種制度而建立的法律制度。它是西方國家中與英美法系并列的淵源久遠(yuǎn)和影響較大的法系。Thedifferencebetweenthe

twolegalsystems

Common-lawsystemsarebasedlargelyoncaselaw---thatis,oncourtdecisions.Thecommon-lawsystembeganinEnglandmanyhundredsofyearsago.TheEnglishcalledtheirsystemthecommonlawbecauseitappliedthroughouttheland.

Civilorcodelawcountrieshaveastheirpremisethewritingofcodesofconductthatareinclusiveofallforeseeableapplicationoflaw.Civil-lawsystemsarebasedmainlyonstatutes.Civil-lawsystemsincludebothprivatelawandpubliclaw.Codesoflawarethendevelopedforcommercial,civil,andcriminalapplications.

propertyrights:therightofownership(hyponym)ownership(hyponym)publicdomainIndustrialpropertyrightsincludetrademarks,logos,brandnames,productionprocesses,patents,evenmanagerialknow-how.1、Commonlawcountriesdonotattempttoanticipateallareasintheapplicationofalawbywritingittocovereveryforeseeablesituation.普通法國家不打算預(yù)先考慮法律運(yùn)用的所有領(lǐng)域，以書面形式將所有可預(yù)見的情況包括進(jìn)去。2.CivilorcodelawcountrieshaveastheirpremisethewritingofcodesofconductthatareinclusiveofallforeseeableapplicationofLaw.大陸法或成文法規(guī)加以包括一切可預(yù)見的法律運(yùn)用行為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的書面形式為前提3.UniformCommercialCode:統(tǒng)一商法典。美國統(tǒng)一商法典于１９５２年問世，共分九篇：總那么，買賣，商業(yè)票據(jù)，銀行存款和收款，信用證等法規(guī)。該法典已被除美國路易斯安那州以外的所有州所采用。4.defensefornoncompliancewithacontract:對與合同不符所進(jìn)行的辯護(hù)。5.Sufficeittosayherethatgoodlegalcounselisanessentialcomponentofeffectiveinternationalbusiness.法律參謀是有效國際貿(mào)易必不可少的組成局部，說這一點(diǎn)就足夠了tosayherethatgoodlegalcounselisanessentialcomponentofeffectiveinternationalbusinessAfter-readingactivitiesA.Trytodotheexercisesaccordingtothetext.I.Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext:1.WhatlawisthebasisoflawinEnglish-speakingcountries?2.WhydidtheEnglishcalltheirsystemthecommonlaw?3.Howarecasesdecidedincommonlawcountries?4.Whatistheimportantfactorinunderstandingthelegalenvironmentincivilorcommonlawcountries?5.Inwhatwayiscommonlawsystemdifferentfromthecivillawsystem?6.Whatarethetwoprincipallegalsystemsintheworld?3.Grammar:UseofpronounsII.Translatethefollowingsentences:1.

美國和英國是普通法國家的代表。這兩個(gè)國家的法律有許多相同的地方。2.

世界上主要有兩大法系，一個(gè)是以美，英為代表的普通法系，另一個(gè)是以法，德為代表的大陸法系。3.

現(xiàn)在大陸法系與普通法系的差異正在縮小。4.

在英國和美國等普通法國家，案件的裁決是以傳統(tǒng)，慣常做法和對成文法的解釋為依據(jù)。

5.

Civilorcodelawcountrieshaveastheirpremisethewritingofcodesofconductthatareinclusiveofallforeseeableapplicationoflaw.6.Commonlawcountriesdonotattempttoanticipateallareasintheapplicationofalawbywritingittocovereveryforeseeablesituation.7.Mostcountriesuseeithercommonorcodelawasthebasisfortheirlegalsystem,buttheyrelyonacombinationofthetwoinapplyingthelegalsystemtoactualdisputes.8.Perhapsthebestexampleofhowcommonandcodelawdifferisintherecognitionofindustrialpropertyrights.UnitThree

Thebranchesoflaw

SuggestedTeachingPlan

Objectives:Studentswillbeableto:1.understandthemainidea(thegeneralknowledgeofthebranchesofthelaw)ofthetext.2.mastersomerelatedlegalterms.3.conductaseriesofreading,listening,speakingandwritingactivitiesrelatedtothethemeoftheunit.

Timeallotment1stperiodPre-readingactivities(familiarnewwords,backgroundinformation)2ndperiodWhilereading(highlightsofthetext)3rdperiodHighlightsofthetext4thperiodAfter-readingactivitiesTeachingMethods1.ShowPPT.2.Teachergiveslecturemainly.3.Studentsread,teacherasksquestionswithdetailedexplanation.4.AskstudentsdoPPTtodopresentationCulturalBackground

Lawcanbedividedintotwomainbranches:privatelawandpubliclaw.Privatelawisalsocalledcivillaw.Itdeterminesaperson'slegalrightsandobligationsinmanykindsofactivitiesthatinvolveotherpeople.Suchactivitiesincludeeverythingfromborrowingorlendingmoneytobuyingahomeorsigningajobcontract.

Publiclawinvolvesgovernmentdirectly.Itdefinedaperson'srightsandobligationsinrelationtogovernment.Publiclawalsodescribesthevariousdivisionsofgovernmentandtheirpowers.DetailedreadingPre-readingtasks1.Whatdoyouexpecttolearnfromthisunit?2.Whatwillappearinyourmindonceyoutalkaboutthebranchesofthelaw?3.What’sthedifferencebetweentheprivatelawandthepubliclaw?4.Whataretheingredientsoftheprivatelawandthepubliclaw?Contents:Publiclaw:公法公法以研究公權(quán)力、公權(quán)力配置、公法關(guān)系和公法責(zé)任為主要內(nèi)容。公法可分為廣義和狹義兩種。狹義公法是指調(diào)配公權(quán)力內(nèi)部或公權(quán)力之間的關(guān)系的法律標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。廣義的公法是指調(diào)配公權(quán)力之間，以及調(diào)節(jié)公權(quán)力與私權(quán)利之間關(guān)系的法律標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。Privatelaw:私法私法，相對于公法，一般而言指的是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)私權(quán)關(guān)系的法律。

羅馬的法學(xué)家烏爾比安(Ulpianus)將法律劃分為公法和私法。公法是與國家組織有關(guān)的法律，私法是與個(gè)人利益有關(guān)的法律。Privatelawcanbedividedintosixbranchesaccordingtothekindsoflegalrightsandobligationsinvolved.1)contractandcommerciallaw合同法與商事法2)tortlaw侵權(quán)法3)propertylaw物權(quán)法

4)inheritancelaw繼承法5)familylaw家庭法6)corporationlaw公司法

Publiclawcanbedividedintofourbranches:1)criminallaw刑法2)constitutionallaw憲法3)administrativelaw行政法

4)internationallaw國際法

thepowerofjudicialreview司法審查權(quán)；違憲審查權(quán)司法裁判機(jī)關(guān)對行政執(zhí)法活動(dòng)的合法性進(jìn)行的審查，具體說來就是在行政訴訟中對行政處分行為的合法性進(jìn)行審查。After-readingactivitiesA.Trytodotheexercisesaccordingtothetext.1.Whatisthemajordifferencebetweentheprivatelawandpubliclaw?2.Whatelsecanlawbeclassifiedbesidesprivatelawandpubliclaw?3.Pointoutthesixbranchesofprivatelaw.4.Whatisaconstitution?5.Whatdoesadministrativelawchieflyconsistof?6.Whatdoesinternationallawdealwithaccordingtothetext?B.Translatethefollowingsentences:1.私法是指人在與他人的關(guān)系當(dāng)中所擁有的權(quán)力和義務(wù)。2.根據(jù)所涉及的法律權(quán)力和義務(wù)，私法被分為六個(gè)主要的分支。3.繼承法是關(guān)于財(cái)產(chǎn)的擁有者死亡時(shí)他的財(cái)產(chǎn)的轉(zhuǎn)移。4.家庭法確定了丈夫與妻子，父母與孩子之間的合法權(quán)利和義務(wù)。

5.Thevariousbranchesofpublicandprivatelawarecloselyrelated,andinmanycasestheyoverlap.6.Contractandcommerciallawdealswiththerightsandobligationsofpeoplewhomakecontracts.7.Criminallawdealswithcrimes---thatisactionsconsideredharmfultosociety.8.Administrativelawranksasoneofthefastest-growingandmostcomplicatedbranchesofthelaw.C.WatchfilmTheLegallyBlond,thenaskthestudentstodiscussit.(2periods)UnitFour

LAWANDLINGUISTICS

SuggestedTeachingPlanObjectives:Studentswillbeableto:

1.understandthemainidea(thelawandlinguistic)ofthetext;2.mastersomerelatedlegalterms;3.conductaseriesofreading,listening,speakingandwritingactivitiesrelatedtothethemeoftheunit.Timeallotment1stperiodpre-readingactivities(familiarnewwords,backgroundinformation)2ndperiodwhilereading(highlightsofthetext)3rdperiodhighlightsofthetext4thperiodafter-readingactivitiesTeachingMethods1.ShowPPT.2.Teachergiveslecturemainly.3.Studentsread,teacherasksquestionswithdetailedexplanation.4.Askstudentstodopreparationofthetextandthendopresentations.III.CulturalBackgroundNotes

Languagebeingthelaw’svehicleofexpression,itisimportantforthelawyertogivespecialattentiontothestudyoflanguage.LordMansfield,oneofthemostfamousEnglishjudges,onceobservedthat“mostofthedisputesintheworldarisefromwords〞.Thisisadirectresultofthelackofprecisioninthemeaningofnearlyeveryword.Theworkofscientistsandlogiciansthusgaveafilliptosemantics,abranchofstudyconcernedwiththemeaningsofwords.Developmentsinsemanticscausedlawyerstoseelegallanguageinanewlight,especiallythroughthestresslaidbysemanticsonthelackof“referents〞formuchlegalterminology.JeromeFrank,theAmericanrealistjuristtookupthisstudyinrelationtthelawandfromhisworktherehasresultedagreaterrealizationoftheuncertaintiesofmanyconceptsandtermswhichlawyershadearlierassumedtobedefinite.DetailedreadingPre-readingtasks:What’stherelationshipbetweenthelawandlinguistics?Contents

Developmentsinsemanticscausedlawyerstoseelegallanguageinanewlight,especiallythroughthestresslaidbysemanticsonthelackof“referents〞formuchlegalterminology.JeromeFrank,theAmericanrealistjuristtookupthisstudyinrelationtthelawandfromhisworktherehasresultedagreaterrealizationoftheuncertaintiesofmanyconceptsandtermswhichlawyershadearlierass