外研版英語必修三講義Module4SandstormsinAsia2SectionⅡIntroductionReadingandVocabulary-LanguagePointsWord版含答案

SectionⅡIntroduction&ReadingandVocabulary—LanguagePoints,frighteningadj.嚇人的；可怕的(教材P31)Ithaslastedfortenhoursandwasveryfrightening.它持續(xù)了10個小時并且非?？膳?。(1)frightn． 驚嚇，恐怖(2)frightenvt. (使)驚恐(3)frightenedadj. 感到恐懼的；害怕的befrightenedat/of... 害怕……befrightenedtodosth. 害怕做某事①It’sfrighteningtothinkwhatcouldhappenifterroristsdidgetholdofnuclearmaterials.一旦恐怖分子擁有核原料，其后果簡直不敢想象。②Thepoorgirlappearedsoafraid.Shemusthaveseensomethingfrighteningonherwayhome.那個可憐的女孩兒看上去非常害怕。她一定是在回家的路上看到了什么可怕的東西。[即學即練]——單句語法填空①a.Goingintohospitalcanbeveryfrightening(frighten)forachild.b．Wereyoufrightenedatthesightofyourmother’sfrightenedlook？(frighten)c．Atthatmomentcameafrighteningnoise,leavingpeople__frightened．(frighten)②Becauseofherlastterribleexperience,sheisfrightenedto__go(go)outatnight.eq\a\vs4\al(,,,cutdown砍倒；縮減；降價)(教材P31)Desertsarealsocreatedbecausepeoplecutdowntreesanddigupgrass.人們砍伐樹木和鏟除草地也會導致沙漠的形成。cutin 插嘴；打斷cutoff 切斷；阻斷；隔絕cutout 裁剪；刪掉cutup 切碎①Manytreeshavebeencutdowninthepast20yearsinmyhometown.在過去的20年里，我家鄉(xiāng)的許多樹都被砍倒了。②(陜西卷)Myunclehasn’tbeenabletoquitsmoking,butatleasthehascutdown.我的叔叔還沒能戒煙，但是至少他少抽了一些。[即學即練]——單句語法填空①(2016·北京卷)Thetownwascutofffromtherestoftheworldduetoheavysnow.②Itisimpolitetocutinwhenotherpeoplearetalking.③Don’thesitate(猶豫)tocutouttheuselessinformationinyourpassage.④(2019·河北四校聯(lián)考)Expertsthinktheamountofhomeworkforthestudentsshouldbecutdown.Besides,teachersshouldencouragetheirstudentstomakegooduseoftheirsparetime.becaughtin突然遭遇(風、雨等)(教材P32)“Tohavebeencaughtinasandstormwasaterribleexperience，”hesaid.他說：“被困在沙塵暴中的經(jīng)歷真是太可怕了。”becaughtin＝betrappedin＝bestuckin 遭遇……catchsb.doingsth. 發(fā)現(xiàn)/撞見某人正在做某事①Badluck!Wewerecaughtinaheavyrainyesterday.真倒霉！昨天我們被困在大雨中了。②Hewascaughtinheavytrafficafterwork.下班后他遇到了交通堵塞。[即學即練]——單句語法填空①a.Caught(catch)inaheavysnow,hedidn’tgetthereintime.b．Allthepassengershelpedtopushthebuscaught(catch)inthemud.②Being__caught(catch)inaheavytrafficjamisquiteanunpleasantexperience.③Theboywhotheteacherconsideredtobethebestwascaughtcheating(cheat)intheexam,whichsurprisedusverymuch.becaughtin的主語往往是被困住的人或物，作狀語或定語時，要用過去分詞形式caughtin。有類似用法的短語還有belostin埋頭于，beburiedin專心于，beaddictedto沉迷于等。strengthn．[U]力量，力氣[C]長處；優(yōu)勢(教材P32)TheChineseCentralWeatherStationcanforecastasandstormsomeweeksbeforeitarrivesinBeijing,butthestrengthofthestormsometimessurprisespeople.中國中央氣象局能在沙塵暴到達北京前幾個周進行預報，但沙塵暴的力量有時很驚人。(1)havethestrengthtodo 有做……的力氣/意志力buildupone’sstrength 增強體質(2)strongadj. 堅強的；強壯的strengthenv. 加強①Heliftedthestonewithallhisstrength.他用盡全力舉起了那塊石頭。②Theabilitytokeepcalmisoneofhermanystrengths.能夠保持冷靜是她多項長處之一。[即學即練]——單句語法填空①a.(福建卷)—Whydoyouchoosetoworkinaninternationaltravelagency?—Well,youknow,Englishismystrength(strong).Soitismybestchoice.b．Tomakemembersofateamperformbetter,thetrainerfirstofallhastoknowtheirstrengths(strong)andweaknesses.②(2018·全國卷Ⅰ)Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisestostrengthen(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉),avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.③(2016·四川卷)SummermakesmefullofenergyandIfeelIhavethestrengthto__do(do)themostdifficultthinginmylife.[鏈接寫作]——完成句子④(浙江卷)練中國功夫不但能增強體質，還能培養(yǎng)一個人的性情。PractisingChinesekungfucannotonlybuild__up__one’s__strength,__butalsodevelopone’scharacter.appeartohavedonesth.似乎已經(jīng)做過某事(教材P32)SandstormsinChinaappeartohaveincreasedinrecentyearsasaresultof“desertification”．近些年來沙漠化導致的沙塵暴在中國似乎有所增加。句中appeartohavedone為不定式的完成式，即不定式所表示的動作在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前發(fā)生。其中appear用作系動詞意為“似乎，好像”。其常見用法：(1)appear＋(tobe)n．/adj. 似乎……(2)appeartodo/tobedoing/tohavedonesth. 似乎要做/正在做/ 已經(jīng)做過某事(3)Itappears(tosb.)that/asif... 似乎/好像……(4)Thereappearstobe... 似乎有……①Shedidherbesttoappearmoreself-confidentthanshefelt.她竭力表現(xiàn)得比她感覺的更為自信。②Itappearstomethatweneedtomakesomechanges.我認為我們需要做一些改變。[即學即練]——單句語法填空①Tomappearsto__have(have)morestrengthsthanBob.②I’dratherreadthanwatchtelevision;theprogramsappearto__be__getting(get)worseallthetime.③Nearlyhalfamillionpeopleappearto__have__left(leave)theirhomesinthepastmonthasaresultofthedisaster.[鏈接寫作]——句型轉換④ItappearsthatChinahasmadegreatprogressinhealthcareinthepastfewyears.→Thereappears__to__have__madegreatprogressinhealthcareinthepastfewyears.⑤Weappeartoneedtomakesomechanges.→It__appears__thatweneedtomakesomechanges.“makeit＋adj./n.(forsb.)todo”結構(教材P32)Thestormssometimescontinuealldayandtrafficmovesveryslowlybecausethethickdustmakesitdifficulttosee.這種沙塵暴有時持續(xù)一整天，車輛開得很慢，因為濃濃的塵埃降低了能見度。句子makesitdifficulttosee是“makeit＋adj./n.(forsb.)todo”結構，其中it為形式賓語，不定式tosee為真正的賓語，difficult作賓補。該句型的基本結構：動詞＋it＋賓補＋真正的賓語。常用于該句型的動詞：make/think/consider/find/feel/believe等。(1)動詞＋it＋形容詞/名詞＋(forsb.)todosth.(2)動詞＋it＋形容詞/名詞＋從句(3)動詞＋it＋nogood/nouse/novalue/worth/worthwhile＋doingsth.①(福建卷)Itwastheculture，ratherthanthelanguage，thatmadeithardforhimtoadapttothenewenvironmentabroad.使他很難適應國外新環(huán)境的是文化而不是語言。②Theheavysnowmadeitimpossibleforthemtogetthereontime.這次大雪使得他們不可能按時到達那兒。[即學即練]——單句語法填空①(陜西卷)MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina,makingitmucheasierforpeopleto__travel(travel)fromoneplacetoanother.②Heconsidersitofgreatimportancethatheputssomemoneyasideeverymonth.③Ifinditnousearguing(argue)withBillbecausehewillneverchangehismind.[鏈接寫作]——一句多譯我認為早晨早起是一個好習慣。④I__think__it__is__a__good__habit__to__get__up__earlyinthemorning.(形式主語)⑤I__think__it__a__good__habit__to__get__up__earlyinthemorning.(形式賓語)作形式賓語的詞只能使用代詞it。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)品句填詞1．Accordingtotheweatherforecast(預報),ahurricaneislikelytohitGuangdongProvincetonight.2．Thepolicelaunchedacampaign(活動)toreduceroadaccidents.3．Thesoldiergatheredallhisstrength(力量)tosavethechildoutofwater.4．Thefilmwasveryfrightening(恐怖)．IwasscaredtodeathwhenIwasseeingit.5．Duringtheslowprocess(過程)oflearning,everyoneshouldhavepatience.6．Mass(大規(guī)模的)productionhasmadethehumanbeingliveabetterlife.7．It’sdangeroustocycle(騎自行車)inthethickfog.IhopeIwillbehomesoon.8．She’sItalianbybirthbutisnowanAustraliancitizen(公民)．eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)單句改錯1．HeransuchfastthatIcouldn’tcatchupwithhim.such→so2．Catchingintheheavysnow,theyhadnochoicebuttowaitattherailwaystation.Catching→Caught3．Johnmadeitpossiblebuythehouseafterearningsomuchmoney.在buy前加to4．IstillremembermyfirstdayatschoolinLondonandIwasexcitedandfrightening.frightening→frightened5．Theboywhoseemedtobehonestwascaughtstealintheshop.steal→stealingeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)課文語法填空Sandstorms1.have__been(be)amajordisasterformanyAsiancountriesforcenturies.Scientistshavetriedmany2.ways(way)tosolvethisproblem.When3.happening(happen),sandstormsaresostrong4.thatyoucanseenothing.Thereisnothingtobedone.Sandstormsappear5.to__have__increased(increase)asaresultof“desertification”，6.whichisaprocessthathappenswhenlandbeesdesertbecauseofclimatechangesandbecausepeoplecutdowntrees.SandstormsaffectingBeijing,trafficmoves7.slowly(slow)becausethethickdustmakes8.itdifficulttosee.Whenasandstormarrives,expertsadvisepeoplenottogoout.Tobecyclinginasandstormis9.frightening(frighten)．Thewindsarestrong.Ifyouwanttogoout,you’dbetterwearamask.Thedesertisonly250kilometresawaytothewestofBeijing.Topreventit10ing(e)nearer,weareplantingmanytrees.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)單句語法填空1．Everybodyhashisstrengths(strong)andweaknessessoweshouldn’tjudgeapersonbyhislook.2．Caught(catch)inatrafficjam,themanarrivedattheairportanhourlater.3．ThenewcoatlookedtoolargeonMary,sohermotherhadtocutitdown．4．OurEnglishteacherexplainsEnglishgrammarsoclearlythatallthestudentscanunderstand.5．Theyshouldmakeitclearforusto__know(know)howtooperatethemachine.6．Somestepshavebeentakentopreventtheforestfrombeing__destroyed(destroy)．7．(2019·重慶高一期中)Mr.Smithappearedto__have__earned(earn)thetrustofhisemployerafterseveralyears.8．Hewasalmostfrightenedtodeathatthesightofthefrighteningsnake.(frighten)9．Asaresultofhiscarelessness,hedidn’tpasstheexamination.10．Therearemasses(mass)ofdarkcloudsinthesky,whichlooksasifitisgoingtorain.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)閱讀理解AMostofthesandstormsthathadsweptChinalastyearcamefromforeignland,aChineseofficialinchargeofdesertificationcontrolsaidonMonday.Andtheinvasions(入侵)couldpartlyexplainthefrequentsandstormsinthecountryinrecentyearsdespiteitsachievementsindesertificationcontrol.Sincethestartoflastspring,thenorthernandnorthwesternChineseregionshadbeenhitby17sandstorms,ofwhich,adozencamefromforeignland.Situatedinthecentral-Asiasandstormregion,oneoftheworld’sfourlargestsandstormsources,ChinaalsosuffersfromsandstormsfromoutsidethecountrywhilebeingblamedasasandsourcetonortheastAsia.TheotherthreemajorsourcesareinAfrica,NorthAmericaandAustralia.Thelandsufferingfromdesertificationhasbeendecreasingby7,585squarekilometresannuallyinChina,andtheareaofsandylandhasalsobeenfallingby1,284squarekilometresayear.Theshrinkage(收縮)formsaclearcontrasttothefactthatthelandsufferingfromdesertificationandsandyfeaturewasaddedby10，400squarekilometresand3，436squarekilometreslatelastcentury,respectively.Currently,thedesertificationlandinChinamakesup2.64millionsquarekilometres,accountingfor27.46percentofthenation’sland，anditssandylandtotals1.74millionsquarekilometres,accountingfor18.1percentofthecountry’stotal.【解題導語】本文主要講了中國遭受沙塵暴侵襲，通過治理在控制沙漠化方面取得了一定成效。1．WheredomostofthesandstormsinChinaefrom?A．ThenorthwesternChineseregions.B．ThenorthernChineseregions.C．ThewesternpartofChina.D．Foreigncountries.D解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句和第二段可知，中國遭受沙塵暴侵襲的沙塵大部分來源于外國。2．WhichofthefollowingisbelievedtobethesandsourcetonortheastAsia?A．Mongolia. B．Africa.C．China. D．Australia.C解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句可知，中國被認為是東北亞風沙的來源地。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“decreasing”meaninParagraph4?A．Goingdown. B．Goingup.C．ingfrom. D．Takingup.A解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第四段最后的“hasalsobeenfallingby1,284squarekilometresayear”可知，該詞的意思是“減少”，與fall的意思接近，故選A項。4．Whatcanweinferfromthispassage?A．ThelandinChinasufferingfromdesertificationhasbeenincreasinggreatly.B．Chinahasmadeachievementsinitsowndesertificationcontrol.C．ThedesertificationlandmakesupnearlyhalfofChina’sterritory.D．LittleprogresshasbeenmadeincontrollingdesertificationinChina.B解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章的第四段提供的數(shù)據(jù)可以看出，中國在控制沙漠化方面取得了成效。BWealreadyknowthefastest,leastexpensivewaytoslowdownclimatechange:uselessenergy.Withalittleeffort,andnotmuchmoney,mostofuscouldreduceourenergydietsby25percentormore—doingtheEarthafavorwhilealsohelpingourwallets.Notlongago,mywife,PJ,andItriedanewdiet—nottolosealittleweightbuttoansweranannoyingquestionaboutclimatechange.Scientistshavereportedrecentlythattheworldisheatingupevenfasterthanpredictedonlyafewyearsago,andthattheconsequencescouldbesevereifwedon’tkeepreducingemission(排放)ofcarbondioxide(CO2)andothergreenhousegasesthataretrappingheatinouratmosphere.Wedecidedtotryanexperiment.ForonemonthwerecordedourpersonalemissionofCO2.Wewantedtoseehowmuchwecouldcutback,sowewentonastrictdiet.TheaverageUShouseholdproducesabout150poundsofCO2adaybydoingmonthingsliketurningonair-conditioningordrivingcars.That’smorethantwicetheEuropeanaverageandalmostfivetimestheglobalaverage,mostlybecauseAmericansdrivemoreandhavebiggerhouses.Buthowmuchshouldwetrytoreduce?Forananswer,IcheckedwithTimFlannery,authorofTheWeatherMakers:HowManIsChangingtheClimateandWhatItMeansforLifeonEarth.Inhisbook,hehadchallengedreaderstomakedeepcutsinpersonalemissiontokeeptheworldfromreachingextremelyimportanttipping__points,__suchasthemelting(融化)oftheicesheetsinGreenlandorWestAntarctica.“Tostaybelowthatpoint,weneedtoreduceCO2emissionby80percent，”hesaid.Goodadvice,Ithought.I’dopenedourbedroomwindowstoletthewindin.We’dgottensousedtokeepingourair-conditioninggoingaroundtheclock.I’dalmostforgottenthewindowsevenopened.Weshouldnotletthishappenagain.It’stimeforustochangeourhabitsifnecessary.【解題導語】文章作者通過講述自己一家人切實有效地減少溫室氣體排放量的行動，向我們證明了“節(jié)約能源從家庭做起，從我做起”的重要性。5．Whydidtheauthorandhiswifetryanewdiet?A．Totakespecialkindsoffood.B．Torespondtoclimatechange.C．Toloseweight.D．Toimprovetheirhealth.B解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“nottolosealittleweightbuttoansweranannoyingquestionaboutclimatechange”可知，作者和妻子這么做的目的是回答一個令人煩惱的氣候變化問題。6．Theunderlinedwords“tippingpoints”mostprobablyreferto“________”．A．freezingpoints B．burningpointsC．meltingpoints D．boilingpointsC解析：詞義猜測題。在他的書中，他要讀者大幅減少個人溫室氣體排放量，以免世界來到“熔點”，下面給出的例子“suchasthemelting(融化)oftheicesheetsinGreenlandorWestAntarctica”，可以判斷出C項正確。7．Accordingtothepassage,TimFlannery________．A．madedeepcutsinhispersonalemissionofCO2B．wroteabookabouttheclimatechangesC．succeededinreducingCO2emissionby80percentD．wasanauthorpopularamongreadersB解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段第一句可知，TimFlannery的書是有關氣候變化的，故B項正確。8．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A．SavingEnergyStartsatHomeB．ChangingOurHabitsBeginsatWorkC．ChangingClimateSoundsReasonableD．ReducingEmissionofCO2ProvesDifficultA解析：標題歸納題。文章作者通過講述自己一家人切實有效地減少溫室氣體排放量的行動，向我們證明了“節(jié)約能源從家庭做起，從我做起”的正確性。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)七選五Peoplewithbadmannersarerefusedintheworldofwork.Theydonotgetgoodjobsorpromotions(晉升).Theirbusinessdonotarelikedandsupported.Theyhavefriends,luckandsuccess.Whenyouimproveyourmanners,youimproveyourchancesofsuccess.Thefollowingareseveralexamplesofgoodmanners.Bepolitetoeveryoneyoumeet.2.________Forexample,whenyougoonajobinterview,bepolitetothedeskclerkastheycanaffectyourchancesofsuccess.Usethesemagicwordsasoftenaspossible:Hello,Please,ExcusemeandSorry,andusethetwomostimportantwords:Thankyou.Usegoodmannersinallofyourmunications.Examples:Returntelephoneandemailmessageswithin24hours;Ifyoureceivearudemessage,donotrespondwithrudeness,butbepolite;