2022年中考英語(百色專用)復習精講教學案-專題7形容詞和副詞

專題七形容詞和副詞形容詞詞義及短語辨析(必考，選擇填空、完形填空、選詞填空考查)選擇填空。(A)1.Whata________boy！Heworkedoutsuchadifficultmathproblem.A．cleverB．strongC．kindD．lazy(C)2.(2021南寧馬山縣一模)Theboyisso________thathecan'tkeephiseyesopen.A．tinyB．silentC．sleepyD．hungry(C)3.—Let'sdividetherubbishintodifferentkindsbeforethrowingitaway.—OK.It's________ustousesomeofitagain.A．thankfultoB．similartoC．goodforD．painfulfor(B)4.(2021海南改編)—Iseveryoneheretoday?—No.Twostudentsare________becausetheyhaveacold.A．a(chǎn)ngryB．a(chǎn)bsentC．a(chǎn)ctiveD．healthy(C)5.(2021包頭)Itisvery________forpassengerstousee－ticketswhentheyaretakinghigh－speedtrains.A．peacefulB．basicC．convenientD．natural(A)6.(2021涼山州)—WhatdoyouthinkofthemovieHi，Mom?—It'sso________thatIwanttowatchitasecondtime.A．wonderfulB．meaninglessC．naturalD．serious(B)7.(2021黔東南州)—Ialwaysfeel________whenspeakinginfrontofothers.—Takeiteasyandbebrave.A．surprisedB．nervousC．interestedD．different(C)8.(2021安徽)—TheChineselanguageismoreandmorepopular.—Exactly!It'sbecominga________languageskillintheinternationalcommunity.A．similarB．difficultC．necessaryD．traditional(C)9.(2021鐵嶺)—Youaregoingtogetmuchexercise.Areyou________that?—Ofcourse.Ipromisetokeepit.A．proudofB．thirstyforC．sureaboutD．interestedin形容詞詞義辨析主要在完形填空和選詞填空中考查，以形容詞的語境辨析為主，少量涉及易混形容詞的用法辨析和形容詞與enough、復合不定代詞連用(2018、T28)的位置關(guān)系。1．形容詞的語境辨析語境辨析更注重形容詞在具體語境中的運用。在做此類試題時，學生首先應讀懂句意，抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵信息。然后分析所給選項表達的含義，并結(jié)合生活常識及語境，辨別選項之間的差異，從而選出正確答案。2．易混形容詞辨析(1)詞義相對類形容詞much許多；大量—little少量easy容易的；不費力的—difficult/hard困難的(2017、T51)happy愉快的；高興的—sad悲哀的；難過的(2015、T54)young年輕的—old年老的(2020、T46)right正確的—wrong錯誤的(2)v.-ing形容詞和v.-ed形容詞(2021、T43)v.-ing形容詞v.-ed形容詞exciting令人興奮的；使人激動的excited興奮的；激動的frightening令人恐懼的；引起驚恐的frightened害怕的；受恐嚇的interesting有趣的；引起興趣的interested感興趣的surprising令人驚訝的；出人意料的surprised驚訝的；感覺意外的tiring累人的tired疲倦的；厭倦的pleasing令人愉快的pleased感到高興的；滿意的moving令人感動的moved感動的relaxing令人放松的relaxed感到放松的注意：v.-ing形容詞表示主動意義，多指事物對人的影響，一般修飾物。v.-ed形容詞表示被動意義，多指人對事物的感受，主語一般是人。3．形容詞短語辨析(詳見《晨讀背記手冊》“形容詞短語”)副詞詞義及短語辨析(必考，選擇填空、完形填空、選詞填空、單詞拼寫考查)選擇填空。(A)1.(2021貴港覃塘區(qū)一模)—Myfather________watchesTV.HethinkswatchingTVisawasteoftime.—NeitherdoI.A．seldomB．oftenC．a(chǎn)lwaysD．usually(A)2.(2021北海二模)—Becarefulwhenyouaredriving,________inarainstormlikethis.—Thanks,Iwill.A．especiallyB．exactlyC．seriouslyD．probably(D)3.Alwaystellyourparents________youaregoingand________youexpecttobehome.A．what；whereB．when；whereC．where；whatD．where；when(A)4.(2021十堰)—Youarenot________dressedfortheweather.—ButIfeelcomfortable.A．properlyB．heavilyC．directlyD．hardly(B)5.(2021襄陽)—Doesyoursisterspendhermoney________？—Yes,ofcourse.Sheknowswhattobuyandwhatnottobuy.A．quicklyB．wiselyC．badlyD．simply(A)6.(2021安徽)Thedancingteachergivesusinstructions________untilweareperfectineverymove.A．patientlyB．quicklyC．bravelyD．suddenly(A)7.(2021貴港)—Whattimeisitnow?—Ican'ttellyouthetime________，butIknowit'stoolate.A．exactlyB．suddenlyC．politelyD．wisely(C)8.—IamalittlenervouseverytimeItakeexams.—Don'tworry.Justtryyourbest.________，gradesarenoteverything.A．InthesamewayB．AsaresultC．AfterallD．Infact1．副詞詞義辨析(1)時間副詞(表示時間的副詞)時間副詞(組)含義時間副詞(組)含義ago以前now現(xiàn)在；如今before在……以前then在那時；當時after在……以后today今天；現(xiàn)今still仍然yesterday在昨天once曾經(jīng)；以前tomorrow在明天atonce立刻；馬上recently近來；最近immediately立即；立刻already(2016、T83)已經(jīng)；早已justnow剛才early提早；在初期soon不久；很快finally(2019、T42)最后；終于suddenly突然地；忽然atfirst首先later后來；稍后atlast最后late晚；遲forever永遠；長久地(2)地點副詞(表示地點的副詞)地點副詞(組)含義地點副詞(組)含義here這兒up(2015、T50)向上there那兒down向下left在/向左面back向后right在/向右面forward向前above在上面anywhere任何地方；無論何處below在下面everywhere到處inside在/向里面somewhere在某處；到某處outside在/向外面nowhere沒有地方north/south/west/east在北(南/西/東)方；向北(南/西/東)方hereandthere到處；處處(3)程度副詞(描述行為、動作或狀態(tài)的程度的副詞)程度副詞(組)含義程度副詞(組)含義much非常；很only僅僅；剛剛very非常；很；完全quite相當；十分so如此；這么rather相當；有點兒such如此even甚至too(2019、T50)非常；很mostly主要地；通常續(xù)表程度副詞(組)含義程度副詞(組)含義alot許多；大量almost幾乎widely(2021、T82)廣泛地；普通地especially(2015、T74)尤其(4)頻度副詞(描述一段時間內(nèi)動作發(fā)生次數(shù)的副詞)頻度副詞(組)含義頻度副詞(組)含義always總是；一直ever曾經(jīng)often經(jīng)常；時常seldom很少；不常usually(2017、T46)通常；經(jīng)常weekly每周地sometimes有時everyday/week/month每天/周/月hardly幾乎不once一次never(2014、T47)永不；絕不；從不twice兩次(5)方式副詞(描述動作發(fā)生方式的副詞)方式副詞含義方式副詞含義angrily憤怒地politely客氣地；委婉地carefully(2020、T28；2017、T74)小心地quickly迅速地；很快地easily(2014、T75)容易地slowly緩慢地；慢慢地happily快樂地；幸福地successfully成功地；順利地(6)連接副詞(連接句子或引導賓語從句的副詞)連接副詞(連接句子)含義連接副詞(引導賓語從句)含義however(2018、T46)然而；可是when何時moreover而且；此外how怎樣；如何otherwise否則；另外；在其他方面where在哪里therefore因此；所以why為什么(7)疑問副詞(構(gòu)成特殊疑問句)疑問副詞(組)含義疑問副詞(組)含義where在哪里why為什么when何時how怎么樣what什么howmany多少howlong多長時間howsoon多久howoften多久一次howfar多遠2.副詞短語辨析(2015、T33)3．形容詞、副詞的混合辨析形容詞、副詞的混合辨析主要在選擇填空和完形填空中考查。其考查角度主要有三個方面：(1)兩個詞的形容詞和副詞形式辨析(2021、T41；2020、T28)；(2)四個不同的形容詞和副詞的混合辨析(2018、T49)；(3)同根詞的不同形式辨析。中考常考的形容詞與副詞混合辨析如下：easy與easily；quick與quickly；safe與safely；slow與slowly；heavy與heavily；bad與badly；quiet與quietly；loud與loudly；lucky與luckily注意：(1)有些以-ly結(jié)尾的詞是形容詞而非副詞。如：lovely(可愛的；美麗的)，lively(生氣勃勃的；鮮艷的)，lonely(孤獨的；寂寞的)。(2)有些副詞有兩種形式，其中一種形式與形容詞相同，另一種形式是在形容詞后加-ly，意義有區(qū)別。常見的有：單詞詞性及含義單詞詞性及含義closeadj./adv.近的(地)closelyadv.密切地highadj./adv.高的(地)highlyadv.高度地freeadj./adv.免費的(地)freelyadv.自由地lateadj./adv.晚；遲latelyadv.近來deepadj./adv.深的(地)deeplyadv.深刻地nearadj./adv.鄰近的(地)nearlyadv.幾乎；將近hardadj./adv.努力的(地)hardlyadv.幾乎不mostadj./adv.最mostlyadv.主要地wideadj./adv.寬闊的(地)widelyadv.廣泛地形容詞和副詞的比較等級(2021/2020/2019/2018/2017/2016考，選擇填空、完形填空、單詞拼寫考查)選擇填空。(C)1.Thepinkdressismuch________thanthatblueone，soshewillbuythepinkone.A．cheapestB．expensiveC．cheaperD．themostexpensive(D)2.(2021貴港覃塘區(qū)一模)—Nowadayssquaredancehasbecomeoneof________exercisesforChinesegrandmas.—Iagree.It'sgoodforthem.A．popularB．morepopularC．mostpopularD．themostpopular(D)3.(2021玉林玉州區(qū)一模)High－speedrailwayshavedevelopedquicklyinourcountry.TodayChinahas________high－speedrailwaynetwork(鐵路網(wǎng))amongthecountriesintheworld.A．longB．longerC．longestD．thelongest(C)4.(2021營口)Creditcards(信用卡)matteralot________thanbefore.Weusuallypaywithsmartphonesnow.A．littleB．fewerC．lessD．more(B)5.(2021濱州)—Whatdoyouthinkofthiskindofclayart?—Great!Ihaveneverseena________one.A．beautifulB．morebeautifulC．muchbeautifulD．mostbeautiful(B)6.(2021賀州)Duringtheexam,________youare,________mistakesyou'llmake.A．themorecareful；thelessB．themorecareful；thefewerC．themorecareless；thelessD．themorecareless；thefewer(A)7.(2021天水)Ican'tkeepupwithhim.Heruns________thanme.A．muchfasterB．evenworseC．lesscarefullyD．morecarefully(B)8.(2021自貢改編)—Howdoyoulikeart?—It'sas________asothersubjects.Itcanhelpusdevelopasenseofbeauty.A．boringB．importantC．difficultD．serious(D)9.(2021阜新)Mikelives________fromschoolofallthestudents,sohealwaystakesabustoschool.A．farB．fartherC．furtherD．thefarthest(C)10.You'vedoneagoodjob，andI'msureyoucandoit________.A．worseB．worstC．betterD．best1．形容詞、副詞比較等級的構(gòu)成(1)規(guī)則變化(2021、T43)規(guī)則變化構(gòu)成例詞一般單音節(jié)詞加-er/-esttall—taller—tallest以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞加-r/-stlarge—larger—largest以輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞先雙寫末尾的輔音字母再加-er/-estbig—bigger—biggest以“輔音字母＋y”結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞變y為i，再加-er/-esteasy—easier—easiest部分雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞在原級前加more/mostbeautiful—morebeautiful—mostbeautiful(2)不規(guī)則變化原級比較級最高級good/wellbetterbestbad/badlyworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther(指距離)/further(指程度)farthest(指距離)/furth-est(指程度)oldolder(指歲數(shù)大；東西舊)/elder(指年紀較長的)oldest(指歲數(shù)最大；東西最舊)/eldest(指年紀最長的)2.形容詞、副詞比較等級的用法句型含義例句A…＋as＋原級＋as＋B(2019、T32；2018、T32；2017、T33)A與B一樣Thisbookisalmost/nearlyasthickasthatone.這本書和那本幾乎一樣厚。續(xù)表句型含義例句A…＋not＋as/so＋原級＋as＋BA不如BThisvillageisn'tas/sobigasthatone.這個村子沒有那個村子大。比較級＋than(2020、T77)比……更(兩者比較)Thesunisbiggerthantheearth.太陽比地球大。比較級＋and＋比較級(用于單音節(jié)詞)越來越……Sheisgrowingfatterandfatter.她越來越胖了。moreandmore＋原級(用于多音節(jié)詞)Ourcountryisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.我們的國家正變得越來越美好。the＋比較級……，the＋比較級……(2020、T34)越……，就越……ThebetterIknowhim，themoreIlikehim.我越了解他，就越喜歡他。less＋原級＋than不如……(兩者比較)Theroomislessbeautifulthanthatone.這個房間沒有那個房間漂亮。the＋比較級＋ofthetwo兩者中更……Jimisthetallerofthetwo.在他們兩人中，吉姆更高。the＋最高級＋of/in＋比較的范圍(2016、T31)在……中最……(三者及以上比較)Iamtheearliestinmyclasseveryday.我每天都是我們班最早的。續(xù)表句型含義例句oneofthe＋最高級＋名詞復數(shù)(2019、T31)最……之一(三者及以上比較)Thisisoneofthemostexpensivecarsintheworld.這是世界上最貴的車之一。the＋序數(shù)詞＋最高級＋名詞單數(shù)第幾最……(三者及以上比較)ShanghaiisthefirstlargestcityinChina.上海是中國第一大城市。注意：(1)比較級前可用下列修飾語：even＝still更；much更；alittle＝abit有點；alot很；threetimes三倍；far非常等。如：Theboyismuchtallerthanbefore.這個男孩比以前更高了。(2)very，quite，rather，too，enough，so可以修飾形容詞或副詞原級。如：Thistripisveryinteresting.這趟旅行非常有趣。比較等級的運用口訣原級用在as…as間，比較級用在than前；and連接兩個比較級，說明“越來越怎樣”；三者以上最高級，副詞前可不加the；still，even和much，比較級前“更怎樣”；還有alot和alittle，也常修飾比較級。形容詞和副詞拼寫(必考，單詞拼寫考查)用所給單詞的適當形式填空。1．(2021常德)Paymuchattentiontoyourhandwriting.Youneedtowritecarefully(careful).2．TheboringmoviemakesmesoboredthatIcan'tstandwatchingitanylonger.(bore)3．(2021揚州)Thenextmorninghegotup__earlier(early)thanbeforetopractisefootball.4．(2021綏化)YangZhenningbecameinterested(interest)insciencewhenhewasayoungboy.5．Paulisheavier(heavy)thanhewastwoyearsago.6．(2021盤錦)InGretel'smind,Hanselwasthebravest(brave)personintheworld.7．(2021南京)Theweatherreportsaysitwillberainy(rain)fortwomoredays,andthenthesunwillcomeoutonTuesday.8．(2021常德)SomedayChangdewillbecomeasbusy(busy)asShenzhen.9．(2021泰州)Don'tbeimpatient(patient).We'resuretowinthefightagainstCOVID－19.10．(2021北部灣)Thepoliceusuallyhelppeopleoutofdangerous(danger)situations.單詞拼寫。11．Tinastudiesveryhardandalways(總是)getsgoodgrades.12．(2021南京)Itisnotpolite(禮貌的)tomaketoomuchnoisewhileeatingordrinking.13．(2021煙臺)Theoldmanneverfeelslonely(孤獨)becauseweoftengotovisithim.14．(2021常州)ZhangJingisthoughthighlyofbecauseofherperfect(完美的)translation.15．(2021梧州)Weshouldtryourbesttohelphomeless(無家可歸的)people.16．Lilyisoutgoing(外向的)andgoodatmakingfriends.17．Youboughtthelasttickettotheconcert.Howlucky(幸運的)youare!18．(2021貴港)Sallyalwaysfeelsnervouswhenherteachersaskherquestions.19．Healthylivinghabitshelptokeepusawayfromillnesses.20．Thereisenoughfoodforeveryone.We'vebroughtmuch.分析百色近8年中考可知，形容詞和副詞的拼寫為必考題型之一。下面就此類題型作簡要的方法指導：1．漢語提示型所給漢語意思一般有兩種情況：(1)直接帶“的”的形容詞(2021、T84；2020、T84；2019、T79；2016、T78&T80)或帶“地”的副詞(2021、T82)；(2)不帶“的”或“地”，需根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)來判斷填形容詞還是副詞。2．單詞(原形)提示型(2020新增)用所給詞的適當形式填空，分兩步走。首先確定空格處所填單詞的詞性(具體參考“3.首字母提示型”)。然后根據(jù)提示詞或語境確定是否有詞形變化，如：動詞變動名詞或過去分詞(2021、T76&T77)、形容詞變名詞或副詞(2021、T80&T82)、形容詞或副詞的比較級(2020、T77)、基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞(2020、T79)等。3．首字母提示型(2020年起取消此題型)(1)如何判斷空格處填形容詞：①位于系動詞后作表語(2018、T82&T85；2017、T84；2016、T85)；②位于名詞前作定語(2014、T85)；③位于復合不定代詞之后，修飾不定代詞；④位于賓語之后作賓語補足語，常與make，keep等動詞連用。(2)如何判斷空格處填副詞：①實義動詞之前或助動詞、情態(tài)動詞之后常用頻度副詞；②位于句首作狀語，修飾整個句子；③修飾動詞、形容詞或其他副詞。(2019、T82；2016、T83；2014、T83)◆形容詞、副詞語法失分點規(guī)避點撥與針對練失分點1確定所填單詞為副詞，不知如何變形例題：用所給單詞的適當形式填空。1．Writeyourhomework________(careful).2．Thestudentslaughed________(happy).3．Mr.Jones，youdidthejob________(terrible).【點撥】1.careful屬于最常見的一類形容詞，變副詞時直接在詞尾加-ly，難度不大；2.happy是以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的形容詞，變副詞時，須改y為i，再加-ly。類似的詞還有easy—easily，angry—angrily，heavy—heavily等；3.terrible是以輔音字母加e結(jié)尾的形容詞，變副詞時，須先去掉e，再加-y。類似的詞還有simple—simply等(更多詞匯詳見《晨讀背記手冊》“詞性轉(zhuǎn)換集錦”)。建議學生對特殊形式變化的單詞分類單獨記憶。【對應練習】用所給單詞的適當形式填空。1．Itisraining__heavily__(heavy)outside.2．Weshouldtalktoelderpeople__politely__(polite).3．Youshouldfaceyourfailure__bravely__(brave).4．Peterranfastand__suddenly__(sudden)felldown.失分點2確定填形容詞、副詞的比較級或最高級，不知如何判斷使用的比較等級和如何變形例題：用所給單詞的適當形式填空。1．Thisroomis________(big)thanthatone.2．It'sgettingmuch________(cold).Putonyourwarmclothes.3．Takemoreexercisesandyou'llbe________(good)atit.4．TheYangtzeRiveristhe________(long)riverinChina.【點撥】1.句中有明顯的比較級標志詞than，故此題應填big的比較級bigger，注意big變比較級時，須雙寫g，再加-er(對于此類以輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)單詞，學生要善于總結(jié)和積累，牢記掌握，避免失分)；2.much是程度副詞，通常與比較級連用，類似的詞還有even，far等。cold的比較級是直接加-er；3.此句是“祈使句＋and＋陳述句”結(jié)構(gòu)，結(jié)合句意可知此處用比較級。good的比較級是better，屬于不規(guī)則變化(形容詞比較級的不規(guī)則變化，學生須單獨記憶)；4.此句是“the＋最高級＋in＋比較的范圍”的句型結(jié)構(gòu)，結(jié)合句意可知此處用最高級，long的最高級是直接加－est?！緦毩暋坑盟o單詞的適當形式填空。1．Mybrotheris__stronger__(strong)thanme.2．Thedressismuch__cheaper__(cheap)now.Youcanaffordit.3．Work__harder__(hard)andyou'llgetmorechances.4．Alexplayschessas__well__(well)ashisfather.5．Whichdoyouthinkisthe__greenest__(green)waytotravel，cycling，drivingortakingabus？一、選擇填空。(D)1.(2021鄂州)—Lucy,haveyouchangedamobilephonewith5G?—Yes,Ithinkthemobilephonewith5Gcansendvideosmuch________thantheonewith4G.A．fastB．fastestC．thefastestD．faster(A)2.(2021東營)Lifeisn'talwaysperfect,butit'suptoyoutomakeyourlife________．A．betterB．richerC．easierD．busier(D)3.(2021梧州)Thepriceofthispianoisalittle________．Ican'taffordit.A．cheapB．expensiveC．lowD．high(D)4.(2021河北)Pleasebepoliteand________offeryourseattopeoplewhoneedit.A．neverB．seldomC．sometimesD．a(chǎn)lways(C)5.(2021新疆)—DoyouknowthatTomisoneof________studentsinhisclass?—Yes,Ido.He'sas________asmybrother.A．thetallest；tallerB．tallest；tallerC．thetallest；tallD．tallest；tall(B)6.(2021大慶)Themore________youdrive,the________youare.A．careful；saferB．carefully；saferC．carefully；safelyD．careful；safely(D)7.(2021瀘州)—Fishingisoneof________activitiesamongmanypeople.—Yes.Butnowit'snotallowedtofishintheYangtzeRiveraswellasotherrivers.A．popularB．morepopularC．mostpopularD．themostpopular(B)8.Tomstudies________，sohe________failstheexam.A．hardly；hardlyB．hard；hardlyC．hard；hardD．hardly；hard(B)9.Friendsoftenhelpus，especiallyduringthehardtime.Soweshould________themfortheirsupport.A.besorryforB．bethankfultoC．beinterestedinD．beexcitedabout(D)10.(2021北部灣)Openthew