SAT模擬考試試題1(含答案)

SAT?PracticeTest#1(This(Thiscoverisrepresentativeofwhatyou’llseeontestRequeststocancelscoresmustbeinwritingbytheWednesdayfollowingthetestdate.SharinganyquestionswithanyoneisaoftheSecurityandFairnesspoliciesandmayresultinyourbeingcanceled.A2pencilisrequiredforthetest.Donotuseamechanicalpencilor321REMINDERS:THISTESTBOOKMUSTNOTBEFROMTHEROOM.UNAUTHORIZEDREPRODUCTIONORUSEOFANYOFTHISTESTBOOKISPROHIBITED.?2015TheCollegeBoard.CollegeBoard,SAT,andtheacornlogoareregisteredtrademarksoftheCollegeBoard.Testbeginsonthenextpage.1111CONTINUE3UnauthorizedCONTINUE3Unauthorizedcopyingorreuseofanypartofthispageisillegal.Reading65MINUTES,52QUESTIONSTurntoSection1ofyouranswersheettoanswerthequestionsinthissection.DIRECTIONSEachpassageorpairofpassagesbelowisfollowedbyanumberofquestions.Afterreadingeachpassageorchoosethebestanswertoeachquestionbasedonwhatisstatedorimpliedinthepassageorpassagesandinanyaccompanyinggraphics(suchasatableorgraph).line5

Questions1-10arebasedonthepassage.ThispassageisadaptedfromElsieSingmaster,WhenSarahSavedtheDay.Copyright1909byElsieSingmaster.whowasfifteenwhodidlookthaninthedoorwaythetheTheseemedinthewhoBesideswhowastheheadthethewasdeadthehadwasherwhohadtheanhisthethewidethehisOntheeachwhenthem,theEllenEllenThethepartypeacefullythedeepthewideeyeshishiswiththethetootothemerrytheyhadcarriedhetheease.Sarahmovedswiftlyacrossthekitchentowherethetwinsweresitting.thatmoment,theywereawakeandengagedintheirfavoritepastimeofteasingJacobKalb.aGermanimmigrant,hadanintensedesiretobeconsideredEnglish,andinanunfortunatemomenthadtranslatedhisname,notrealizinghowmuchworseitsEnglishequivalent,wouldsound

toEnglishearsthantheuncomprehendedGerman30wasthetwins’olderWilliam,whohadheardJacobtellinghisnewnametosomestrangers.no,IcannotspeakGermanverygood.IamnotGerman.MynameisJacobHesawintheirfacesthathehadmadeamistake,butitwas35toolatetoretract.Besides,William,whomhehated,hadheard,andaslongasJacoblivedthenamewouldclingtohim.EllenLouisaandLouisaEllencalleditsoftlynowwhentheolderpeopleweretalking,“JacobCalf!JacobCalf!”40 Then,eachtwinfoundherarmclutchedasthoughinavise.“EllenLouisaandLouisaEllen,bestill.aword!aword!”“But—”beganthetwinstogether.Sarahhadalwaysaidedandabettedthem.nonsensehadamused45thefatheranddelightedthechildrenformanywearymonths.hadshesuddenlybecomesostrangeandsolemn?thetwins,deathhadasyetnoveryterriblemeaning,andtheyknewnothingofcareandEachjerkedherarmirritablyawayfrom50Sarah’shand.Butthetwinsweretoodrowsytoworryverylong.Leaningcomfortablyagainsteachother,theyfellasleeponcemore.Sarahcontinuedherjourneyacrosstheroomtogatherupapileofplates.Shestoppedforamoment55towipehereyesbeforeshewentbacktothekitchen.Herdeathhadmeantthegivingupofalldreamsandhopes.Threeyearsbefore,theyhaddrivenonedaytoaneighboringtown.Driveswerenotfrequentinthatbusyhousehold.Theyhadseenmany60wonderfulthingsbutmostwonderfulofallwastheschool.SarahhadseentheslendertowerofthemainbuildingagainsttheCONTINUEPAGE4UnauthorizedCONTINUEPAGE4Unauthorizedcopyingorreuseofanypartofthispageisillegal.“Whatisthat?”shehadasked.“ThatiswhereWilliamwenttoschool.”65 ofcourse!”criedSarah.Herfatherlookeddownatthesparklingeyesintheeagerlittleface.hadhadlittleeducationhimself,butheknewitsvalue.youlike,then,tocomeheretoschool?”70 facegrewadeepcrimson.“I?school?Here?”course.youliketobeateacherlikeMissMiflin?”facegrewalmostwhite.wasasthoughhe75hadsaid,youliketobePresidentoftheStates?”“I!LikeMissMiflin!doyousurelymeanit?ButIamtoodumb.”Herfatherlaughed.youarenotIfyou80aregood,andifyoustudy,youdarecomehere.”Ah,buthowcouldonestudywithasickandthenasickfatherandababytolookandtwinslikeEllenLouisaandLouisaEllentobringup?

22SarahwastheheadoftheWennerhouseholdbecauseshewasraisingherthreechildrenalone.shewastheoldestinafamilyoforphanedchildren.herbrotherwasnotassumingresponsibilityforthehermotherwastoosicklytocareforthechildren33Asusedinline16,“party”isclosestinmeaningtocelebration.faction.divJTJPO.1 414TheauthormentionsthatSarahnotlookmorethan(line2)primarilyinordertogivethereaderathoroughphysicaldescriptionofthecharacter.drawattentiontohighlighttheundueburdenthatwasplacedonatanearlyage.reiterateherpositionwithintheextendedfamilygatheredatherhome.

Thedescriptionofthesleepingbaby(lines17-21)isprimarilydesignedtoillicitsympathyfortheorphanedyounglightentheotherwisesombertone.drawattentiontothesimilaritiesbetweenhimandthetwins.usecontrasttohighlightthedistressintheroom.5 858TheauthorimpliesthatSarah’sfatherdiedsuddenlyandunexpectedly.hadacloserelationshipwithhisextendedbelievedinthepossibilityofupwardmobilityJOTPDJFUZ.expectedhischildrentofollowinhisownfootsteps.

Asusedinline35,“retract”isclosestinmeaningtorecede.recount.recant.996Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswertothepreviousquestion?6Lines5-11(“Besides...JacobLines18-21Lines66-73(“Herfather...Miflin?”)D)Lines81-83(“Ah...up?”)

Sarah’spersonalambitionforherfutureistobecomethePresidentoftheStates.issomethingshehasbeenunabletogivemuchthoughtabout.hasledhertoattendschoolinordertobecomeaissomethingsheconsiderssecondarytotheneedsofher10107nicknameoriginatedfrom7beingforcedtochangehisnameuponimmigration.thetwins’mispronunciationofhislastname.hislongstandingrivalrywithWilliamhisownmisguidedatculturalassimilation.

Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswertothepreviousquestion?Lines66-69(“Herfather...school?”)Lines70-76States?”)C)Lines77-80(“I!...D)Lines81-83up?”)1111CONTINUEPAGE6UnauthorizedCONTINUEPAGE6Unauthorizedcopyingorreuseofanypartofthispageisillegal.line510152025303540

Questions11-21arebasedonthepassage.Thispassageisadaptedfrom“MemoryonCopyright2008bytheNationalScienceFoundation.Thelegalsystemhaslongassumedthatalltestimonyisnotequallycredible,thatsomewitnessesaremorereliablethanothers.Intoughcaseswithchildwitnesses,itassumesadultwitnessestobemorereliable.Butwhatifthelegalsystemhaditwrong?ResearchersReynaandChuckBrainerdarguethatlikethetwo-headedRomangodmemoryisoftwominds—thatis,memoriesarecapturedandrecordedseparatelyanddifferentlyintwodistinctpartsofthemind.Theysaychildrendependmoreheavilyonapartofthemindthatrecords,“whatactuallywhileadultsdependmoreonanotherpartofthemindthatrecords,“themeaningofwhatAsaresult,theyadultsaremoresusceptibletofalsememories,whichcanbeextremelyproblematicincourtcases.Thisresearchshowsthatmeaning-basedmemoriesarelargelyresponsibleforfalsememories,especiallyinadultwitnesses.Becausetheabilitytoextractmeaningfromexperiencedevelopschildrenarelesslikelytoproducethesefalsememoriesthanadults,andaremorelikelytogiveaccuratetestimonywhenproperlyquestioned.Thefindingiscounterintuitive;itsquarewithcurrentlegaltenets,andmayhaveimportantimplicationsforlegalproceedings.“Becausechildrenhavefewermeaning-basedexperiencerecords,theyarelesslikelytoformfalsesaysReyna.thelawassumeschildrenaremoresusceptibletofalsememoriesthan“CourtsgivewitnessinstructionstotellthetruthandnothingbutthesaysBrainerd.“Thisassumeswitnesseswilleitherbetruthfulorlie,butthereisathirdpossibilitynowbeingrecognized—falsememories.”theoriesofmemoryassumeamemoriesarebasedoneventreconstruction,especiallyafterdelaysofafewdays,weeks,ormonths.ReynaandFuzzyTheoryhypothesizesthatpeoplestoretwotypesofexperiencerecordsormemories:verbatimtracesandgisttraces.tracesarememoriesofwhatactuallyhappened.Gisttracesarebasedonaunderstandingofwhathappened,orwhattheeventmeanttohimorGist

45tracesstimulatefalsememoriesbecausetheystoreimpressionsofwhataneventmeant,whichcanbeinconsistentwithwhatactuallyhappened.Falsememoriescanbeidentifiedwhenwitnessesaccuratelydescribewhattheyrememberbut50thosememoriesareprovenfalsebasedonotherunimpeachablefacts.“Whengisttracesareespeciallystrong,theycanproducephantomrecollections—thatis,illusory,vividrecollectionsofthingsthatdidnothappen,suchasrememberingarobberbrandisheda55weaponandmadethreateningsaysReyna.a60aa65a“FailuretorecognizedifferencesinhowadultsandchildrenproducememoryunfairlytiltsthelegalsystemagainstchildsaysReyna.“Childrendonothavethesamefullnessofemotional70andintellectualexperienceasdoadultswhenitcomestoderivingmeaningfromsituations,someaning-basedmemoryislesslikelytoinfluenceaTheresearcherssaytheirtransformative“two-mind”memoryapproachcanreducethenumberoffalse75memoriesincourtcasesandgivemorevaliditytoReynaandBrainerddevelopedseveralmathematicalmodelsassociatedwithFuzzyTheorythatcanbeusedtopredictmemoryoutcomes80inbothadultsandchildren.Themodels,whichtesthavebeenusedtodeterminewaysinwhichattorneys,investigators,lawenforcementofficialsandotherscanaskquestionstohelppeopleaccessverbatimmemorieswhilesuppressingfalsememories.The85researcherssayusingneutraltocuewitnessescanhelpthemrememberwhatactuallyhappened.ReynaandBrainerdalsosayreturningawitnesstothesceneofaneventinahighlyneutralwaycancueverbatimmemoriesandhelpthelegalprocess.90Themodelsprovidethemostaccurateinformationtodateonthecausesoffalsememories.them,researcherscandeterminewithsurprisingaccuracywhenapersonaccessesbothverbatimandgist1111Thegraphsbelowshowthesurveyresponsesofmembersofthegeneralpublicandexpertscientistswhowereaskedtheextenttowhichtheyagreedtoaseriesofstatements.ThedataistakenfromDanielSimmonsandChristopherChabris,“WhatPeopleBelieveaboutMemoryARepresentativeSurveyoftheUSCopyright2011byPLoSOne.11121112Theauthormakesamythologicalallusioninthefirstparagraphinordertodemonstratethecloseconnectionbetweenthetwovidetheaudiencewithafamiliarframeworkwithwhichtoreferenceacomplextopic.summarizetheforthcomingprimaryargumentthepassage.emphasizethedisparatenessofthetwoportionsofhuman

Accordingtothepassage,adultsaremoresusceptibletofalsememoriesthanchildrenbecausechildrenhaveashorterpasttocontendwiththanadultsandcanthereforeremembereventsmoreadultmemoriesrelymoreheavilyonverbatimtracesthanchildmemories.theirmemoriestendtobelessobjectivethanthoseofchildren.adultsonlyuseoneoftheminds”ofwhereaschildrenactivateboth.1313Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswertothepreviousquestion?Lines11-14(“TheyLines41-47(“Verbatim...Lines66-68(“Failure...Lines73-76(“Theresearchers...CONTINUEPAGE9UnauthorizedCONTINUEPAGE9Unauthorizedcopyingorreuseofanypartofthispageisillegal.14 181418Theseresearcherswouldmostlikelyagreethatadultwitnessesareunreliableandshouldbemadetotakeliedetectorstests.childwitnessesshouldalwaysbedeemedmorereliablethanadultwitnesses.memoriesaredevoidofemotionalfessionalswhoheartestimonyshouldCFNPSFDBSFGVMJONBLJOHKVEHFNFOU.1515Asusedinline19,isclosestinmeaningtoremove.elicit.condense.eradicate.1616Accordingtothepassage,childwitnesses’relianceonverbatimtracesstemsfromtheirunderdevelopedcapacityforpoorquestioningtechniquesusedbyinvestigators.superiorbrainfunctioningatayoungage.theirrelativeinexperience.1717Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswertothepreviousquestion?Lines11-14(“TheyLines19-23(“Because...Lines66-68(“Failure...Lines69-72(“Children...

Asusedinline54,“brandished”isclosestinmeaningtoforged.wielded.concealed.dispatched.1919Therelationshipbetweenthesixthandseventhparagraphscanbestbedescribedasoneblemandsolution.chronology.2020Theinformationinthegraphsupportstheclaimthatunlikethepublic,expertsagreethattherearetwodistincttypesofmemories.mostpeoplehaveafundamentalmisunderstandingofhowmemoryworks.childwitnessesareconsideredlessreliablethanadultwitnessesincourt.morepeopleinthegeneralpublicthanexpertsadvocateaharshercriminaljusticesystem.2121Inresponsetothestatementonthesecondgraph,theresearchersinthepassagewouldmostlikelycontendthateyewitnesstestimonyrarelyleadstowrongfulconviction.witnessconfidencedoesnotnecessarilyequatetomultiplewitnessesshouldberequiredtoformthebasisforconviction.convictionsshouldnotbemadebasedononetestimonybecausethewitnessmaybelying.1111line5

Questions22-32arebasedonthepassage.Thispassageisadaptedfrom“BattleoftheBugs:FightingAntibioticResistance.”Copyright2016bytheFoodandDrugAdministration.Eversinceantibioticsbecamewidelyavailableabout50yearstheyhavebeenhailedasmiracledrugs—magicbulletsabletodestroydisease-causingbacteria.Butwitheachpassingdecade,bacteriathatresistnotonlysingle,butmultiple,antibiotics—makingsomediseasesparticularlyhardtocontrol—havebecomeincreasinglywidespread.Infact,accordingtotheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDC),virtuallyallsignificantbacterialinfectionsintheworldarebecomingresistanttotheantibiotictreatmentofchoice.someofus,bacterialresistancecouldmeanmorevisitstothealengthierillness,andpossiblymoretoxicdrugs.others,itcouldmeandeath.TheCDCestimatesthat,eachnearly2millionpeopleintheStatesacquireaninfectionwhileinahospital,resultingin90,000deaths.than70percentofthebacteriathatcausetheseinfectionsareresistanttoatleastoneoftheantibioticscommonlyusedtotreatthem.Antibioticresistance,alsoknownasantimicrobialresistance,isnotanewphenomenon.afewyearsafterthefirstantibiotic,penicillin,becamewidelyusedinthelate1940s,penicillin-resistantinfectionsemergedthatwerecausedbythebacteriumStaphylococcusaureus.Althoughresistantbacteriahavebeenaroundalongtime,thescenariotodayisdifferentfromevenjust10yearssaysStuartM.D.,presidentoftheAllianceforthePrudentofAntibiotics.“Thenumberofbacteriaresistanttomanydifferentantibioticshasincreased,inmanycases,tenfoldormore.Evennewdrugsthathavebeenareconfrontingresistance,fortunatelyinsmallamounts,butwehavetobecarefulhowthey’reused.Ifusedforextendedperiodsoftime,theytooriskbecomingineffectiveearlymaintypesofgerms—bacteriaandviruses—causemostinfections,accordingtotheCDC.Butwhileantibioticscankillbacteria,theydonotworkagainstviruses,anditisvirusesthatcausecolds,theflu,andmostsorethroats.Infact,only15percentofsorethroatsarecausedbythebacteriumStreptococcuspyogenes,whichresultsinstrepthroat.Inaddition,virusescausemostsinusinfections,coughs,and

bronchitis.Andfluidinthemiddleear,acommon45occurrenceinchildren,doesnotusuallywarranttreatmentwithantibioticsunlessthereareothersymptoms.Nevertheless,“Everyyear,tensofmillionsofprescriptionsforantibioticsarewrittentotreatviral50illnessesforwhichtheseantibioticsoffernosaysDavidBell,M.D.,theantimicrobialresistanceAccordingtotheCDC,antibioticprescribinginoutpatientsettingscouldbereducedbymorethan30percentwithoutadversely55affectingpatienthealth.Reasonscitedbydoctorsforoverprescribingantibioticsincludediagnosticuncertainty,timepressureonphysicians,andpatientdemand.Physiciansarepressuredbypatientstoprescribeantibiotics,says60Bell.wanttomisswork,ortheyhaveasickchildwhokeptthewholefamilyupallnight,andthey’rewillingtotryanythingthatmightmaybeeasierforthephysicianpressedfortimetowriteaprescriptionforanantibioticthanitistoexplainwhyit65mightbebetternottouseone.Butbytakinganantibiotic,apersonmaybedoublyharmed,accordingtoBell.First,itoffersnobenefitforviralinfections,andsecond,itincreasesthechanceofadrug-resistantinfectionappearingatalatertime.70resistanceisnotjustaproblemfordoctorsandsaysBell.“Everybodyneedstohelpdealwiththis.Animportantwaythatpeoplecanhelpdirectlyistounderstandthatcommonillnesseslikecoldsandthefludonotbenefitfromantibioticsandto75notrequestthemtotreattheseillnesses.”ThedatainthegraphaboveisfromtheCenterforDiseaseControl,2013.1111CONTINUEPAGE10UnauthorizedCONTINUEPAGE10Unauthorizedcopyingorreuseofanypartofthispageisillegal.22 272227Theoveralltoneofthepassageisprimarilyoneofblame.hope.detachment.2323Asusedinline2,“hailed”isclosestinmeaningtolauded.showered.signaled.JOWFOUFE.2424Accordingtotheauthor,antibioticresistanceisaproblemuniquetothelastdecade.hasbeenincreasingatasteadyratesinceantibioticswerefirstintroduced.isalreadyoutpacingthedevelopmentofnewdrugs.hasrisenexponentiallyinrecentyears.2525Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswertothepreviousquestion?Lines17-19Lines20-25Lines25-31tenfoldorLines31-33(“Even...2626Asusedinline45,“warrant”isclosestinmeaningtovalidate.authorize.resist.necessitate.

thepointofviewofthedoctorsdiscussedinthispassage,antibioticsarenotoverprescribed.areanresponsetoaviralinfection.areameansofefficiency.BSFQFSDFJWFEBTBQBOBDFB.2828Accordingtothepassage,peoplecanbeharmed”bytakingantibioticsforviralinfectionsbecauseantibioticswillresultinfutureresistanceandwillmaketheviralinfectionworse.antibioticsareconsideredineffectivetreatmentsbothviralandbacterialinfections.themedicationwillnotcuretheviralinfectionanditwillcauseimmediatedamagetotheorgans.themedicationwillbeineffectivebothfortheinfectionathandandforfuturebacterialinfections.2929Thelastparagraphofthepassageservesasasummaryoftheprecedingarguments.anindictmentofirresponsibleprescribing.acalltoactionforconsumers.anacknowledgementthatfurtherresearchisneeded.3030Whichofthefollowingstatementsistruebasedontheinformationinthegraph?Childreninthe5-17yearagebrackethavethestrongestimmunesystems.Theolderthepatient,thegreatertheriskofresistantdisease.PenicillinresistanceinmorecommonthanErythromycinresistanceacrossallagegroups.youngchildrenandolderadultsaremostatriskfordrug-resistantdiseases.11113131Accordingtothepassage,whichoftheseactionswouldmostlikelysloworpreventanincreaseinthelevelsshowninthegraph?BanningantibioticprescriptionsIncreasedpatienteducationHarsherpunishmentsforunethicaldoctorsThedevelopmentofdrugsthattargetinfections3232Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswertothepreviousquestion?Lines48-55(“Nevertheless...Lines56-58(“Reasons...Lines66-69(“But...Lines71-75(“Everybody...

line5

Questions33-42arebasedonthepassage.Passage1isadaptedfrom“SentinelSpecies.”Copyright2015bytheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration.Passage2isadaptedfromJ.L.WilkeningandC.Ray,“Parks,Pikas,andPhysiologicalStress.”Copyright2015byParkScience.Passage1Sometimesinordertounderstandourselves,weneedtolooktootherorganisms.example,tounderstandtheimpactofanewpharmaceutical,weoftenconductexperimentsonotherorganismstounderstandpotentialimpactstohumans.tounderstandpotentialhumanhealthrisksfromtheoceans,itisimportanttolookatmodelorganismsthatliveintheoceanenvironment.CoastCenterscientistsareinvestigatingtheimpactsofstressors(pathogens,marinebiotoxins,andtoxicchemicals)onthehealthofsentinelspecies,likefishandmarinemammals.Byunderstandingimpactstosentinelspecies,wecanbetterunderstandwhatishappeningorwhatcouldhappentohumans.Throughthisresearch,forexample,wewillbeabletohumanriskmodels,suchasmodelsthatbetterlinkconsumptionofcontaminatedseafoodtohumandisease,andinformmanagementactions.Ourresearchgoalsaretousemarinemammalsassentinelstoevaluateexistingandemergingpathogensandtheeffectsofbiotoxinsandtoxicchemicals,includinginteractionsamongthesestressors,onhumanhealth;toevaluatethepotentialformarinemammalstoactasa“reservoir”forhumanorterrestrialpathogens;tousefishasamodeltounderstandhowkeystressorsinfluencehumanhealthanddisease;andtohumanriskmodelstoinformmanagementactions.Asaresultofthisresearch,wewillbetterunderstandhowkeystressorsinfluencehumanhealth,andmanagerswillbebetterabletoforecastthreatstohumanhealthandtoreducethreatstohumanhealthfromkeystressors.1111CONTINUEPAGE12UnauthorizedCONTINUEPAGE12Unauthorizedcopyingorreuseofanypartofthispageisillegal.Passage2Americanpikasarecharismaticinhabitantsofmountainousandrockyareasinmanynationalparks35ofthewesternStates.Thesecold-adaptedmembersoftherabbitcommonlyknownasrockrabbits,aresensitivetowarmertemperaturesandrelyonaccesstocoolermicroclimateslocatedunderneathrockyhabitats,suchastalus.Asaresult40ofrecentclimate-mediatedpopulationdeclinesandextirpations,pikashavebecomewidelyconsideredasentinelspeciesfordetectingecologicaleffectsofclimatechange.Projectionssuggestthatpopulationswillcontinuetodecline,andthespecieshasbeen45consideredforlistingasthreatenedorendangeredatthestateandfederallevels.Interestindocumentingchangesinpikadistributionisgrowing;inresponsetheNationalParkService(NPS)recentlyfundedaresearchprogram,calledPikasinPeril(PIP),designedtoassess50vulnerabilityofpikasinnationalparkstofutureclimatescenarios.ThePIPprogramisacollaborativeresearcheffortamongmultipleuniversityresearchersandparkstafffromeightwesternnationalparks.Themaingoalsof55theprogramaretodocumentpikaoccurrencepatternsanddistribution,measuregeneflowandconnectivityofpopulations,andpredictimpactsoffutureclimatechangeonpikapopulations.Occupancysurveyswereconductedineightwesternparksin2010and2011.60Surveycrewsrecordedevidenceofpikapresenceorabsenceatdozensofplotswithineachparkeachandalsoevaluatedpikahabitatandcollectedfreshfecalpelletsforanalysis.Pikasareidealcandidatesforoccupancysurveysbecausetheirpresenceiseasy65todetect.Datageneratedfromthesestudiesarebeingusedtorelatepikaoccupancytohabitatcharacteristics,whichwillallowparkmanagerstoidentifyprimehabitatandpredictthefuturedistributionofthespeciesunderclimate-changescenarios.

3333TheprimarypurposeofPassage1istowarnthepublicaboutpotentialhealthhazards.outlinetheaimsofanresearch.identifythestressorsthatareaffectingmarinespecies.explainhowresearcherscreatehumanriskmodels.3434Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswertothepreviousquestion?Lines1-2(“Sometimes...Lines9-12Lines14-18(“Through...Lines19-27(“Ourresearch...3535TheauthorofPassage1mentionspharmaceuticalsinthefirstparagraphinordertoexplainhowmarineanimalsarebeingusedtotestpharmaceuticals.distancehisorganizationfrompharmaceuticaltestingonanimals.justifytheirownproducttestingonanimals.drawaparalleltothepurposeoftheownresearch.3636Asusedinline18,“inform”isclosestinmeaningtoQSPDMBJN.cate.37 403740InrelationtothefirstparagraphofPassage2,thesecondparagraphofPassage2servesto provideanalternativeviewpointtotheoneexpressedinparagraph1.describetheresultsoftheresearchprogramintroducedinparagraph1.explainthemethodologyoftheresearchprogramintroducedinparagraph1.explainwhypikaswerechosenfortheresearchprogramintroducedinparagraph1.3838AccordingtoPassage2,pikaswerechosenforstudymainlybecausetheyareeasytodetectandthereforeagoodspeciestotrackovertime.theyarehighlysensitivetochangesinclimate.theyhavebeenmorewidelyimpactedbyclimatechangethanotherspecies.theirrockyhabitatsareparticularlyaffectedbyclimatechange.3939Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswertothepreviousquestion?Lines33-35pikas...Lines35-43(“These...Lines46-51(“Interest...Lines63-65(“Pikas...

Asusedinline67,“prime”isclosestinmeaningtoprimary.peak.ideal.4141TheauthorsofPassage1andPassage2shareabeliefthatclimatechangeishavingdevastatingeffectsonecosystems.humanriskmanagementshouldbescientists’topsentinelspecieshelpscientistsmakepredictionsaboutotherspecies.sentinelspeciesareindangerofextinction.4242Onethedescribedin12istheresearchinPassage1isfocusedonsentinelspecieswhiletheresearchinPassage2isnot.theresearchinPassage1reliesmoreheavilyonobservationaldatathantheresearchinPassage2.theresearchinPassage2usesamoreuniformpopulationsamplethantheresearchinPassage1.theresearchinPassage2ismorefocusedonimplicationsforhumansthantheresearchinPassage1.1111CONTINUEPAGE14UnauthorizedCONTINUEPAGE14Unauthorizedcopyingorreuseofanypartofthispageisillegal.line5101520253035

Questions43-52arebasedonthepassage.ThispassageisadaptedfromtheStateoftheUnionAddressdeliveredbyPresidentFranklinD.RooseveltinJanuaryof1941,afewmonthsbeforetheUnitedStatesenteredWorldWarII,whichwasalreadyragingoverseas.Iaddressyou,themembersofthisnewCongress,atamomentunprecedentedinthehistoryoftheunion.Iusetheword“unprecedented”becauseatnoprevioustimehasAmericansecuritybeenasseriouslythreatenedfromwithoutasitisAsmendonotlivebybreadalone,theydonotfightbyarmamentsalone.Thosewhomanourdefensesandthosebehindthemwhobuildourdefensesmusthavethestaminaandthecouragewhichcomefromunshakablebeliefinthemanneroflifewhichtheyaredefending.ThemightyactionthatwearecallingforcannotbebasedonadisregardofallthethingsworthfightingThenationtakesgreatsatisfactionandmuchstrengthfromthethingswhichhavebeendonetomakeitspeopleconsciousoftheirindividualstakeinthepreservationofdemocraticlifeinAmerica.Thosethingshavetoughenedthefiberofourpeople,haverenewedtheirfaithandstrengthenedtheirdevotiontotheinstitutionswemakereadytoprotect.Certainlythisisnotimeforofustostopthinkingaboutthesocialandeconomicproblemswhicharetherootcauseofthesocialrevolutionwhichistodayasupremefactorintheworld.thereisnothingmysteriousaboutthefoundationsofahealthyandstrongdemocracy.Thebasicthingsexpectedbyourpeopleoftheirpoliticalandeconomicsystemsaresimple.Theyareequalityofopportunityforyouthandforothers,jobsforthosewhocanwork,securityforthosewhoneedit,theendingofspecialprivilegeforthethepreservationofcivillibertiesforall,andtheenjoymentofthefruitsofscientificprogressinawiderandconstantlyrisingstandardofliving.Thesearethesimple,thebasicthingsthatmustneverbelostsightofintheturmoilandunbelievablecomplexityofourmodernworld.Theinnerandabidingstrengthofoureconomicandpoliticalsystemsisdependentuponthedegreetowhichtheyfulfilltheseexpectations.

Inthefuturedays,whichweseektomakesecure,40welookforwardtoaworldfoundeduponfouressentialhumanfreedoms.Thefirstisfreedomofspeechandexpression—everywhereintheworld.ThesecondisfreedomofeverypersontoworshipGodinhisownway—everywhereintheworld.Thethirdisfreedom45fromwant,which,translatedintoworldterms,meanseconomicunderstandingswhichwillsecuretoeverynationahealthypeacetimelifeforitsinhabitants—everywhereintheworld.Thefourthisfreedomfromfear,which,translatedintoworldterms,meansaworld-50widereductionofarmamentstosuchapointandinsuchathoroughfashionthatnonationwillbeinapositiontocommitanactofphysicalaggressionagainstneighbor—anywhereintheworld.Thatisnovisionofadistantmillennium.Itisa55definitebasisforakindofworldattainableinourowntimeandgeneration.Thatkindofworldistheveryantithesisoftheso-called“neworder”oftyrannywhichthedictatorsseektocreatewiththecrashofaAgoodsocietyisabletofaceschemesofworld60dominationandforeignrevolution