熱點11諾貝爾獎的相關(guān)情況(解析版)-備戰(zhàn)2023年中考英語熱點話題解讀關(guān)鍵能力(題型)強化專練(通用版)

備戰(zhàn)2023年中考英語熱點話題解讀+關(guān)鍵能力(題型)強化專練熱點11諾貝爾獎的相關(guān)情況以量子計算和量子通信為代表的第二次量子革命、曾被愛因斯坦質(zhì)疑的量子糾纏、中國在全球率先發(fā)射的量子衛(wèi)星……這些都是與剛剛揭曉的2022年諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎相關(guān)的熱門話題。瑞典皇家科學(xué)院4日宣布，將2022年諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎授予法國科學(xué)家阿蘭·阿斯佩、美國科學(xué)家約翰·克勞澤和奧地利科學(xué)家安東·蔡林格，以表彰他們在“糾纏光子實驗、驗證違反貝爾不等式和開創(chuàng)量子信息科學(xué)”方面所做出的貢獻(xiàn)。10月4日，在瑞典斯德哥爾摩舉行的2022年諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎公布現(xiàn)場，屏幕上顯示獎項得主阿蘭·阿斯佩（左）、約翰·克勞澤（中）和安東·蔡林格的照片。量子力學(xué)從上世紀(jì)初誕生以來，催生了晶體管、激光等重大發(fā)明，這被科學(xué)界稱為第一次量子革命。近來，以量子計算和量子通信為代表的第二次量子革命又在興起。瑞典皇家科學(xué)院在諾獎公報中說，今年三位獲獎?wù)咴诹孔蛹m纏實驗方面的貢獻(xiàn)，“為當(dāng)前量子技術(shù)領(lǐng)域正發(fā)生的革命奠定了基礎(chǔ)”。量子糾纏長期是量子力學(xué)中最具爭議的問題之一。量子糾纏是一種奇怪的量子力學(xué)現(xiàn)象，處于糾纏態(tài)的兩個量子不論相距多遠(yuǎn)都存在一種關(guān)聯(lián)，其中一個量子狀態(tài)發(fā)生改變，另一個的狀態(tài)會瞬時發(fā)生相應(yīng)改變。在很長一段時間里，以愛因斯坦為代表的部分物理學(xué)家對量子糾纏持懷疑態(tài)度，愛因斯坦稱其為“鬼魅般的超距作用”。他們認(rèn)為量子理論是“不完備”的，糾纏的粒子之間存在著某種人類還沒觀察到的相互作用或信息傳遞，也就是“隱變量”。20世紀(jì)60年代，物理學(xué)家約翰·貝爾提出可用來驗證量子力學(xué)的“貝爾不等式”。如果貝爾不等式始終成立，那么量子力學(xué)可能被其他理論替代。為了對貝爾不等式進(jìn)行驗證，美國科學(xué)家約翰·克勞澤設(shè)計了相關(guān)實驗，其中使用特殊的光照射鈣原子，由此發(fā)射糾纏的光子，再使用濾光片來測量光子的偏振狀態(tài)。經(jīng)過一系列測量，克勞澤能夠證明實驗結(jié)果違反了貝爾不等式，且與量子力學(xué)預(yù)測相符。但這個實驗具有局限性，原因包括實驗裝置在產(chǎn)生和捕獲粒子方面效率較低、濾光片處于固定角度等。在此基礎(chǔ)上，法國科學(xué)家阿蘭·阿斯佩設(shè)計了新版本的實驗，測量效果更好。阿斯佩填補了克勞澤實驗的重要漏洞，并提供了一個非常明確的結(jié)果：量子力學(xué)是正確的，且沒有“隱變量”。奧地利科學(xué)家安東·蔡林格后來對貝爾不等式進(jìn)行了更多的實驗驗證。其中一項實驗使用了來自遙遠(yuǎn)星系的信號來控制濾波器，確保信號不會相互影響，進(jìn)一步證實了量子力學(xué)的正確性。蔡林格和同事還利用量子糾纏展示了一種稱為量子隱形傳態(tài)的現(xiàn)象，即將量子態(tài)從一個粒子轉(zhuǎn)移到另一個粒子。其團隊還在量子通信等方面有諸多研究進(jìn)展。其中一項重要成果就是，2017年中國與奧地利科學(xué)家借助中國的“墨子號”量子衛(wèi)星，成功實施世界首次量子保密的洲際視頻通話。這也是為什么諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎評委托爾斯·漢斯·漢森在現(xiàn)場解讀獲獎成果時，展示了一張含有中國量子衛(wèi)星的圖片，其上顯示了中國和歐洲之間的洲際量子通信實驗。諾獎官方公報說，世界各地的研究人員已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多利用量子力學(xué)強大特性的新方法，而這些都得益于今年三位獲獎?wù)叩呢暙I(xiàn)。他們掃除了貝爾不等式等“攔路虎”，這也是為什么公報稱贊“他們的結(jié)果為基于量子信息的新技術(shù)掃清了道路”。（來源|新華網(wǎng)、科學(xué)＋）一、閱讀理解1Whatwouldlifebelikeifyouwerearocker,asoccerplayer,aprofessoratStanfordUniversity,andaNobelPrizewinner?CarolynBertozzifromtheUSlivessuchacoollife!Bertozzi,56,sharesthisyear’sNobelPrizeinchemistrywithBarrySharpless（US）andMortenMeldal（Denmark）.Shebecamethisyear’sonlywomanwinnerinscienceandtheeighthwomantoreceivethechemistryprizeinhistory.Bertozziwontheprizeforstudyingthesugarcoatsofcells（細(xì)胞）.Shehasfoundasmartwaytoconnectcellsbyconnectingtheirsugarcoats.Thecellsthenhaveagreencolorsothatscientistscanseeclearlywheretheyareandhowtheymove.AccordingtotheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,thisfindinghasaquitegoodinfluenceonmedicine.Despitehergreatachievements,BertozzisaidshewasnotveryinterestedinchemistryuntilhersecondyearatHarvardUniversity.“Theprofessorsmadetheclassverydifficult.”shetoldChemistryWorldmagazine.“Myclassmatescomplainedalot,butitmatchedmybrain.”Exceptfordoingsciencestudies,Bertozzihaslivedacolorfullife.Shewasakeyboarder（鍵盤手）inarockband.“Ievenusedtothinkaboutmakingmusicmymajor（專業(yè)）.”shesaid.Shealsoplayedsoccer,andwonascholarshipinsportsfromHarvard.Asafemalescientist,Bertozzitriestoencouragefemalestudents.“Inthelate1980s,maybe10percentofthestudentswerefemale,”shesaid.“Thereweremaybeoneortwowomeninalab,sowetriedtosupporteachotherbystartingamonthlyget-togetherforallthewomenstudentsaroundme.”In2022,Bertozziwonanawardforthis.Herexperiencemadeherlearnaveryimportantlesson:Youdon’tneedtoknowhowtosucceedquickly.Allyouneedtodoistodosomeworkeverydayandsolveproblemsstepbystep.Thewaytosuccessmayfinallyappear.1.WhydidBertozziwinthisyear’sNobelPrize?A.Becauseshewasveryinterestedinchemistry.B.BecausesheistheeighthfemaleprofessoratStanfordUniversity.C.Becauseshefoundawaytoconnectcellsandmakethemclearertosee.D.Becauseshefoundanewtypeofcellswithagreencolor.2.HowmightBertozzidescribeherchemistryclassinhersecondyearatHarvardUniversity?A.Uselessanddifficult. B.Boringandsimple.C.Difficultandboring. D.Interestingandnottoohard.3.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph5?A.Bertozzioncewrotesongsforarockband.B.Bertozzioncestudiedmusicatheruniversity.C.Bertozzilivedacolorfullifeexceptfordoingresearch.D.Bertozziwonascholarshipbecauseofhertalentinchemistry.4.HowdidBertozziencouragefemalestudentsinthe1980s?A.Shesetanawardforwomeninscience.B.Sheincreasedthenumberoffemalestudentsby10percent.C.Shehelpedstartamonthlyget-togetherforwomentosupporteachother.D.Shebuiltanewlabforgirlstodoresearch.5.WhatdowelearnfromBertozzi?A.Weshouldlearnmusicinourlife. B.Weshouldwinprizesasmuchaspossible.C.Weshouldfindthewaystosuccessquickly. D.Weshouldbepatientandworkhardtosucceed.【答案】1.C

2.D

3.C

4.C

5.D【解析】這篇文章介紹了諾貝爾科學(xué)獎獲得者，女化學(xué)家Bertozzi和她的豐富多彩的生活。她告訴我們，我們應(yīng)該有耐心，努力工作才能成功。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中句子“Bertozziwontheprizeforstudyingthesugarcoatsofcells（細(xì)胞）.Shehasfoundasmartwaytoconnectcellsbyconnectingtheirsugarcoats.Thecellsthenhaveagreencolorsothatscientistscanseeclearlywheretheyareandhowtheymove.”可知，Bertozzi獲得了今年的諾貝爾獎是因為她找到了一種連接細(xì)胞的方法，使細(xì)胞看得更清楚。故選C。2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段句子“Despitehergreatachievements,BertozzisaidshewasnotveryinterestedinchemistryuntilhersecondyearatHarvardUniversity.‘Theprofessorsmadetheclassverydifficult.’shetoldChemistryWorldmagazine.”可以推斷，Bertozzi認(rèn)為她在哈佛大學(xué)二年級的化學(xué)課有趣并且不難。故選D。3.段落大意題。根據(jù)第五段句子“Exceptfordoingsciencestudies,Bertozzihaslivedacolorfullife.”可知Bertozzi除了做研究外，她的生活豐富多彩。故選C。4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段句子“‘Inthelate1980s,maybe10percentofthestudentswerefemale,’shesaid.‘Thereweremaybeoneortwowomeninalab,sowetriedtosupporteachotherbystartingamonthlyget-togetherforallthewomenstudentsaroundme.’”可知，Bertozzi在20世紀(jì)80年代，她幫助組織了一個每月一次的婦女聚會，來鼓勵女學(xué)生。故選C。5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Herexperiencemadeherlearnaveryimportantlesson:Youdon’tneedtoknowhowtosucceedquickly.Allyouneedtodoistodosomeworkeverydayandsolveproblemsstepbystep.Thewaytosuccessmayfinallyappear.”可知，我們從Bertozzi身上學(xué)到，我們應(yīng)該有耐心,努力工作才能成功。故選D。2Whatwillyoubedoingwhenyouare26yearsold?Studyingatuniversityorworkingforaliving?TakealookatwhatAlbertEinsteinwasdoingattheageof26.100yearsago,EinsteinwasworkinginSwitzerland.Hishobbywasphysics.Withoutmuchmoneyorhelp,hewrotefivepapers(論文)foraphysicsmagazine.Threeofthesegreatlychangedthestudyofphysicsandourunderstandingofspace,time,lightandmatter(物質(zhì)).HismostfamousworkisontheTheoryofRelativity(相對論).EinsteinwasgiventheNobelPrize(諾貝爾獎)forhisdiscoveries.Althoughhedidmanyotherthingslater,theyears1905hasbeencalledEinstein’s“YearofWonders(奇跡)”.Ithasbeenmorethan110yearssincethen.Becauseofthis,theUNhasnamed2005theWorldYearofPhysics.FiftyyearsafterEinstein’sdeath,aquestionisasked,“WillthereeverbeanotherEinstein?”Itmaytakealongtime.Afterall,Einsteinwasbornmorethan200yearsafterSirIsaacNewton,anothergreatscientist.Besides,physicsisadifferentfield(領(lǐng)域)now,andeducationisdifferent,too.Evenifyoucan’tbethenextgreatscientist,itisstillhelpfultoremembersomeofthethingsthatmadeEinsteingreat.Hethoughtindependently(獨立地)andreadwidely.Heleftuswithaformula(公式)forlife:IfAisasuccessinlife,thenA=X+Y+Z.Xiswork;Yisplay;andZiskeepingyourmouthshut.6.Theyear1905isknownasEinstein’s“YearofWonders”because________.A.EinsteinwasworkinginSwitzerlandin1905B.Einsteinwas26yearsoldin1905C.Einsteinmadesomeveryimportantdiscoveriesin1905D.Einsteinstudiedphysicsin19057.Whyhasn’ttherebeenanotherscientistasgreatasEinstein?A.Becausethestudyofphysicsisnotenough.B.BecauseitishardtomakeimportantdiscoveriesasEinsteindid.C.Becausepeopledon’tworkhardanymore.D.Becausephysicsisgettingmoreandmoredifficult.8.TheUNhasnamed2005theWorldYearofPhysicsbecause________.A.Einsteinis100yearsoldthisyearB.Einsteinhasbeendeadfor50yearsC.therehavebeenothergreatdiscoveriesafterEinstein’sdeathD.itisthe100thyearsinceEinstein’s“YearofWonders”9.WhatdoesEinstein’sformulaofsuccessmean?A.Successmeansyearsofhardwork.B.Successmeansallstudyandnoplay.C.Successmeansworkinghard,relaxingandnottalkingtoomuch.D.Successisasecretthatnobodyknows.【答案】6.C

7.B

8.D

9.C【解析】本文主要講了愛因斯坦，描述了他對我們的貢獻(xiàn)，以及他的輝煌成就。6.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“EinsteinwasgiventheNobelPrize(諾貝爾獎)for11isdiscoveries.Althoughhedidmanyotherthingslater,theyears1905hasbeencalledEinstein’s“YearofWonders(奇跡)”.”可知，1905年被稱為愛因斯坦的“奇跡年”，因為愛因斯坦在1905年做出了一些非常重要的發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選C。7.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Itmaytakealongtime.Afterall,Einsteinwasbornmorethan200yearsafterSirIsaacNewton,anothergreatscientist.”可知，沒有像愛因斯坦那樣偉大的科學(xué)家是因為很難有人能像愛因斯坦那樣做出重大發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選B。8.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“theyears1905hasbeencalledEinstein’s‘YearofWonders’”可知，2005年距離愛因斯斯坦的“奇跡年”整整100年。因此，聯(lián)合國將2005年定為世界物理年。故選D。9.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Heleftuswithaformula(公式)forlife:IfAisasuccessinlife,thenA=X+Y+Z.Xiswork;Yisplay;andZiskeepingyourmouthshut.”可知，成功意味著努力工作，放松，不要說太多。故選C。3①MarieCurieisafamousscientistwhoismostfamousfordiscoveringtwonewradioactiveelements(放射性元素).DuringtheFirstWorldWar,MarieCurieinventedagreatmachinewhichhavehelpedoveronemillionsoldiers.②MarieCuriewasborninPolandonthe7thNovember1867.Marie’sparentswerebothteachersandherfatherwouldoftenteachherscienceathome.Whenshegrewolder,Mariewantedtogotouniversityandlearnallaboutphysics.Unluckily,atthetimewomenwerenotallowedtostudyinPoland.ThismeantthatMariehadtomovetoFrancewhereshewasallowedtogotouniversity.③Aftershehadlearntallaboutphysicsatuniversity,Marieworkedinalabwithherhusband,PierreCurie.Duringthistime,Mariemadegreatprogressanddiscoveredtwonewradioactiveelementswhichhadneverbeenseenbefore.Becauseofheramazingdiscoveriesandworkinscience,MarieCuriebecamethefirstwomanevertowinaNobelPrize.Afewyearslater,MariewentontowinasecondNobelPrizewhichmadeherthefirstpersonevertowintwoNobelPrizes!④WhentheFirstWorldWarstarted,MarieCurieknewshehadtodosomethingtohelp.Mariehadrealizedthatwoundedsoldiersrecoveredbetteriftheyweretreatedquickly.Puttingherknowledgeandunderstandingofradiationtogooduse,Mariedecidedtoinventamachinewhichcouldhelpsoldiersclosetothefront.⑤Althoughshewasbornover150yearsago,Marie’sworkisstillwellknown.Amazingly,sometreatmentsbeingusedinhospitalstodaystartedoutasinventionsinherlab.ManyplacesevenuseMarie’snameasrecognitionofthegreatworkshecarriedout.10.MarieCuriewasthefirstwomanwhocan________.A.goabroad B.buildasciencelabC.studyphysics D.winaNobelPrize11.What’sthecorrectorderofMarieCurie’slife?a.MariewasborninPoland.b.Mariewenttolearnphysics.e.Marieworkedinthewar.d.MariefoundnewelementsA.a-d-b-e B.a-b-d-c C.b-a-c-d D.b-c-a-d12.Thebesttitleforthepassagecanprobablybe________.A.AchievementsinMarie’sLifeB.TwoDiscoveriesinMarie’sLifeC.Marie’sEducationExperiencesD.Marie’sLong-lastingInfluence13.What’sthestructureofthepassage?A. B. C. D.【答案】10.D

11.B

12.D

13.B【解析】本文主要向我們介紹瑪麗·居里傳奇的一生，她熱愛科學(xué)研究，并且深具真正的品格和精神。10.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“MarieCuriebecamethefirstwomanevertowinaNobelPrize”可知，瑪麗·居里成為有史以來第一位獲得諾貝爾獎的女性，故選D。11.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“MarieCuriewasborninPolandonthe7thNovember1867”可知，出生在波蘭，所以a排在第一位，排除C和D。根據(jù)“Aftershehadlearntallaboutphysicsatuniversity”可知，她去學(xué)習(xí)物理，所以b排在第二位，排除A，故選B。12.最佳標(biāo)題題。通讀全文可知，本文主要向我們介紹瑪麗·居里傳奇的一生，所以D選項“Marie’sLong-lastingInfluence”符合本文標(biāo)題，故選D。13.篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。通讀全文可知，第一段引出本文主題；第二段到第四段是介紹她的一生經(jīng)歷；最后一段是對她的評價，故選B。4ANobelPrizeisconsideredbymostpeopleasoneofthehighestinternationalhonoursapersoncanreceive.Asyouknow,theprizeswerestartedbyaSwedishcalledAlfredNobel.HewasborninStockholm,thecapitalofSweden.AlfredNobelwasagreatscientist.Hemadetwoimportantinventions,andsohebecameveryrich.Althoughhewasrich,Nobelwasnothappy.Henevermarriedorhadchildren.Also,hewasasickmanduringhislargepartoflife.Whenhediedattheageof63,heleftafundof$9,000,000.Themoneywastobeusedingivingprizestothosewhomadegreatachievementsinphysics,chemistry,medicine,literatureandworldpeace.ThefirstNobelPrizewasgivenonDecember10,1901,fiveyearsafterNobel’sdeath.SincethenmanyfamouspeoplefromallovertheworldhavebeengivenNobelPrizesfortheirachievements.Eachprizehasthreeparts.Thefirstpartisagoldmedal.Second,awinnerofaNobelPrizeisgivenacertificate,sayingthathehasbeengiventheprize.Thethirdpartoftheprizeisalargeamountofmoney—about$40,000.Oftenaprizeisgiventojustoneperson,butnotalways.Sometimesaprizeisshared.Itmaybegiventotwoormorepeoplewhohaveworkedtogether.Itisalsosometimestruethataprizeisnotgivenatallifthereisnogreatachievement.In1972,forexample,noNobelPeacePrizewasgiven.14.WhatkindofpersonwouldyousayAlfredNobelwas?A.Hewasarich,happyandluckyman. B.Hewasapoor,unhappyandunluckyman.C.Hewasarich,butunhappyandunluckyman. D.Hewasapoor,buthappyandluckyman.15.Whenhedied,Nobelleftalargeamountofmoney________.A.tohiswife B.tohischildrenC.forhelpingthepoorpeopleinSweden D.forsettingfiveprizes16.Theunderlinedword“certificate”inthepassagemostprobablymeans________.A.證書 B.書信 C.票 D.卡片17.HowmanypersonsisaNoblePrizegivento?A.Notalwaysoneperson. B.Twopersons.C.Onlyoneperson. D.Threepersons.18.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.ThefirstNobelPrizewasgivenatonceafterNobeldied.B.Nobeldiedin1896.C.Thethirdpartofeachprizeisagoldmedal.D.TheNobelPrizeisalwaysgiven.【答案】14.C

15.D

16.A

17.A

18.B【解析】本文主要講述了諾貝爾的生平及用其死后留下的財產(chǎn)設(shè)立的五個世界級的獎項。14.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“AlfredNobelwasagreatscientist.Hemadetwoimportantinventions,andsohebecameveryrich.Althoughhewasrich,Nobelwasnothappy”可知，諾貝爾是富有，但不開心和不幸運的人。故選C。15.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Themoneywastobeusedingivingprizestothosewhomadegreatachievementsinphysics,chemistry,medicine,literatureandworldpeace.”可知，設(shè)置了5個獎項，故選D。16.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“Second,awinnerofaNobelPrizeisgivenacertificate,sayingthathehasbeengiventheprize.”可知，諾貝爾獎的獲得者會得到一張證書，表明他已經(jīng)獲得了諾貝爾獎，所以劃線部分表示“證書”，故選A。17.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Oftenaprizeisgiventojustoneperson,butnotalways.”可知，獎項通常只頒發(fā)給一個人，但也不總是這樣，故選A。18.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“ThefirstNobelPrizewasgivenonDecember10,1901,fiveyearsafterNobel’sdeath.”可推斷，他是在(1901-5=)1896年去世的，故選B。5TheNoblePrizemaybethebestprizeintheworldonecanget.Thereareprizesforoutstanding(杰出的)peopleindifferentcategories:Chemistry,Physics,Physiology/Medicine,Literature,PeaceandEconomicSciences.ThewinnersareannouncedinOctober.Let’shavealookatthewinnerinLiterature(文學(xué)).Inthepasttwoyearswe’veseentheNobelPrizeforLiteraturegotoBelarusian(白俄羅斯的)reporterSvetlanaAlexievichandUSmusicianBobDylan.Thisyeartheprizereturnedtoamoretraditionalliterarywriter—theJapanese-bornEnglishwriterKazuoIshiguro.Accordingtothecommittee,Ishiguro’snovelshave“greatemotionalforce”anduncoverpeople’sconnectionwiththeworld.Ishigurohasbeenafull-timeauthoreversincehisfirstbook,APaleViewofHills,publishedin1982.InthebookIshigurotellsastoryofamiddle-agedJapanesewomanlivingaloneinEngland.Itmaybecommonforanimmigrant(移民的)authortowriteaboutthelivesofpeoplefromhisorhermothercountry.ButIshigurodoesn’tstopthere.Hewritesaboutdifferenttopicsandsetsstoriesindifferentplaces.ThestoryofWhenWeWereOrphanshappensinShanghai.InTheRemainsoftheDay,anEnglishbutler(管家)recallshisdaysduringWorldWarII.InNeverLetMeGo,Ishiguroevenwritesastoryofclones(克隆人).IshigurotoldTheGuardianthathewantsto“remindusofhowinternationaltheworldis”.19.ThispassageisabouttheNobelPrizewinnerin________.A.Chemistry B.Physics C.Literature D.Peace20.Wemayinfer(推斷)thatusually________wintheNobelPrizeforLiterature.A.reporters B.writers C.musicians D.directors21.WhichisnottrueaboutKazuoIshiguro?A.HeusesEnglishtowritehisworks.B.HewasborninJapan.C.Hedoesn’thaveotherjobsD.HemainlywritesaboutthelivesofJapanesepeople.22.HowmanyworksofKazuoIshiguroarementioned?A.3 B.4 C.5 D.623.AllthefollowingmakeKazuoIshiguro’sworksoutstandingexcept________.A.heevenwritesaboutclonesB.heshowsgreatemotionalforceC.heuncoverspeople’sconnectionwiththeworldD.heremindsusofhowinternationaltheworldis【答案】19.C

20.B

21.D

22.B

23.A【解析】本文主要講述了獲得諾貝爾文學(xué)獎的作家KazuoIshiguro的一些作品。19.主旨大意題。根據(jù)“Let’shavealookatthewinnerinLiterature”可知本文主要是有關(guān)諾貝爾文學(xué)家獲得者的。故選C。20.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Thisyeartheprizereturnedtoamoretraditionalliterarywriter—theJapanese-bornEnglishwriterKazuoIshiguro.”可知今年，該獎項重新授予了一位更為傳統(tǒng)的文學(xué)作家——日裔英國作家KazuoIshiguro，由此可知通常作家會獲得諾貝爾文學(xué)獎。故選B。21.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Hewritesaboutdifferenttopicsandsetsstoriesindifferentplaces.”可知他寫不同的主題，并在不同的地方設(shè)置故事，選項D表述錯誤。故選D。22.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“eversincehisfirstbook,APaleViewofHills,publishedin1982”以及“ThestoryofWhenWeWereOrphanshappensinShanghai.InTheRemainsoftheDay,anEnglishbutler(管家)recallshisdaysduringWorldWarII.InNeverLetMeGo.Ishiguroevenwritesastoryofclones”可知文章提到了《山丘的蒼白景象》、《當(dāng)我們是孤兒》、《日之殘跡》以及《別讓我走》四部作品。故選B。23.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Accordingtothecommittee,Ishiguro’snovelshave‘greatemotionalforce’anduncoverpeople’sconnectionwiththeworld”以及“hewantsto‘remindusofhowinternationaltheworldis’”可知他的小說具有“巨大的情感力量”，揭示了人們與世界的聯(lián)系，并且他想提醒我們世界是多么的多元化，由此可知，他的作品如此成功的原因不包括選項A。故選A。6Forthepast20years,theTouchingChinaannualpeopleawardhashonoredpeoplefromallwalksoflifeacrossthecountry.Theyarepeoplewhowarmourheartswiththeiractions.OnMarch32022,the2021TouchingChinaAwardceremonyairedonCCTV.Teninspirationalrolemodelswereonthelist,YangZhenningisoneofthem.Whenmentioningthegreatesttheoreticalphysicistsintheworld,YangZhenningisanamenevertobeforgotten.YangwasbornonSeptember22,1922,inHefeiAnhui,China,andgrewupinthepeacefulandacademicalatmosphereofthecampusofTsinghuaUniversity.Fromayoungagehehadaninterestinphysics.Attheageof12,YangshowedhisgreatambitiontowinaNobelPrizeafterbeingattractedbyabookabouttheunknownsoftheuniverse.Withthisgoalinmind,Yangstudiedhard.Aftergettingamaster’sdegreeinTsinghuaUniversityin1944,YanggottheopportunitytofurtherhisstudiesintheUnitedStates.TherehemetanotherChinesestudent,Tsung-daoLee(李政道),whosharedthesameinterests,andtheyoftendiscussedthephysicsissuestogether.In1957,thetwojointlyproposedthetheoryofparitynon-conservationinweakinteractions(弱相互作用中宇稱不守恒),whichmadeagreatcontributiontohigh-energyphysics.Oncethetheorywasputforward,itimmediatelycausedasensation(轟動)inthephysicscommunity.Monthslater,thetwowontheNobelPrizeinPhysics.ItletotherChinesepeopleknowthatChinesescientistscouldstandoutintheglobalsciencecommunityandbeontheglobalfrontier(前沿)tocompetewiththeirpeers.AttheNobelBanquet,Yangalsoexpressedhispride,saying,“IamasproudofmyChineseheritageandbackgroundasIamdevotedtomodernscience,apartofhumancivilizationofWesternorigin.”Nomatterwherehehasbeen,YangZhenninghasalwayshadhismotherlandinmind.However,thefrozenSino-USrelationshippreventedChinesescientistswhoobtained(獲得)doctoraldegreesfromtheUSlikeYangfromreturningtoChina.In1971,YangfinallygotthechancetoreturntoChinaforavisit.Later,tosupportdomesticeducation,YangsoldamansionintheUS,donatingallthemoneytoTsinghuaUniversity.In2003,YangreturnedtoChinaandalsotaughtatTsinghua.Underhisinfluence,manyoverseasChinesealsoreturnedtoChinatomakecontributions,suchasTuringAwardwinnerYaoQizhi,physicistWuXiaogang,mathematicianZhangShouwu.24.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiswrong?A.YangZhenningknewTsung-daoLeeinTsinghuaUniversityandgottheNobelPrizetogether.B.YangZhenningtakesprideinowningChinesebackground.C.YangZhenningcouldn’treturnhismotherlandbecauseoftheSino-USrelationship.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmean?A.站出來 B.表現(xiàn) C.站起來26.What’sthebesttitleforthisarticle?A.YangZhenning’slovetohiscountry.B.YangZhenning’sinfluence.C.YangZhenning-oneofthe2021TouchingChinaannualpeople.27.Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructureofthepassage?(P1=Paragraph1)A. B. C.【答案】24.A

25.A

26.C

27.C【解析】本文主要介紹了2022年3月3號公布的2021年感動中國十大人物之一：楊振寧。24.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“YanggottheopportunitytofurtherhisstudiesintheUnitedStates.TherehemetanotherChinesestudent,Tsung-daoLee(李政道),whosharedthesameinterests,andtheyoftendiscussedthephysicsissuestogether.”可知，楊振寧是在美國遇見了李政道，不是在清華大學(xué)。故選A。25.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)“ItletotherChinesepeopleknowthatChinesescientistscouldstandoutintheglobalsciencecommunityandbeontheglobalfrontier(前沿)tocompetewiththeirpeers.”可知，中國科學(xué)家可以在全球科學(xué)界脫穎而出，站在全球前沿與同行競爭。此處standout與選項A意思相近，故選A。26.主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文可知，本文主要介紹了2022年3月3號公布的2021年感動中國十大人物之一：楊振寧。故選C。27.篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。根據(jù)第一段可知，主要引出2022年3月3號公布的2021年感動中國十大人物之一：楊振寧，也就是即將要介紹的主人公；第二至五段介紹了楊振寧的個人經(jīng)歷和獲得諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎的過程；最后一段介紹了楊振寧對于中國海外學(xué)生的影響，故選C。7MenwontheNobelPrizesinsciencemostofthetimeinthepast.Butthisyear,womenbecamethemaincharacters!JenniferDoudnafromtheUSandEmmanuelleChapentierfromFrancesharedtheNobelPrizeinChemistry.It’sthefirsttimeinhistoryfortwowomentowintheprizewithouthavingtoshareitwithaman.Atthesametime,USastronomerAndreaGhezbecamethefourthwomantowinaNobelPrizeinPhysics,whichshesharedwithtwootherscientists.ItsfirstfemalewinnerwasMarieCuriein1903.DoudnaandCharpentiergottheprizebecausetheydevelopedCRISPR/Cas9geneticscissors,atechnologythatcanrewriteDNAinthecellsofplants,animalsandmicro-organisms.Ithashada“greateffectonthelifesciences”,accordingtotheRoyalSwedishAcademyofSciences.Forexample,itcanhelpusdevelopcropsthatcanfightagainstsomenaturaldisasters.Itcouldalsohelptreatsomeseriousdiseasesinthefuture.OnhearingthattheywerethesixthandseventhwomentowintheChemistryPrize,Charpentiersaidthatshehopesgirlsandyoungfemalescientistswillunderstandthat“nothingisimpossibleandwomencanfindgreatdiscoveriesjustasmendo”.Ghez,whowasawardedforherresearchonblackhole,hadthesamefeeling.“I’mhappytobepartofthechangewheremorewomensucceed.Ithinkthat’sanimportantwayinwhichweencouragetheothergirlsandwomenscientists,”Ghezsaid.Inadditiontoherresearch,shewasalsooneoftheauthorsofthe2006children’sbookYouCanBeaWomenAstronomer.28.WhatdoesParagraph3focuson?A.Howtheydidtheirresearch.B.Whytheyweregiventheprize.C.Whattheyfoundintheirresearch.D.Howwinningtheprizehasmadeadifferenceintheirlives.29.WhatdoesGhezthinkaboutwinningaNobelPrize?A.Itwillchangeherlifeinabigway.B.Itprovesthatnothingisimpossible.C.Itshowsthatwomenaremoresuccessfulthanmen.D.Itcanencouragetheothergirlsandwomenscientists.30.Whatdoweknowfromthestory?A.ThereweresevenfemaleNobelPrizewinnersintotal.B.GhezsharedtheNobelPrizeinPhysicswithatleastoneman.C.Morewomenareworkingaschemiststhanastronomers.D.Ghezwillwriteachildren’sbookaboutwinningtheprize.【答案】28.B

29.D

30.B【解析】本文向讀者介紹了今年，女性成了諾貝爾獎項的主角，旨在鼓勵更多的女性獲得諾貝爾獎項。28.段落大意題。根據(jù)“DoudnaandCharpentiergottheprizebecausetheydevelopedCRISPR/Cas9geneticscissors,atechnologythatcanrewriteDNAinthecellsofplants,animalsandmicro-organisms.”可知，本段主要介紹Doudna和Charpentier因為什么而獲獎。故選B。29.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“I’mhappytobepartofthechangewheremorewomensucceed.Ithinkthat’sanimportantwayinwhichweencouragetheothergirlsandwomenscientists”可知，Ghez認(rèn)為獲得諾貝爾獎是鼓勵其他女孩和女科學(xué)家的重要方式。故選D。30.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Atthesametime,USastronomerAndreaGhezbecamethefourthwomantowinaNobelPrizeinPhysics,whichshesharedwithtwootherscientists.”可知，Ghez至少和一個人分享諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎。故選B。8Inthe1960s,SyukuroManabestartedtostudyhowcarbondioxide(CO2二氧化碳)couldmakeEarthwarmer.Hediditoutofcuriosity(好奇心).OnOct.5,Manabegotthe2021NoblePrizeforhiswork.Curiosityhasdrivenscientiststomakenewfindings.Whatkindsofcuriosityledtothisyear’sNobelPrizeinscience?Takealook!NobelPrizeinphysicsThreescientistswonthisprizetogether.Japan-bornSyukuroManabeworksatPrincetonUniversity,US.Hemadeacomputermodel.ItshowedpeoplethatdoublingCO2wouldincreaseEarth’stemperaturebymorethan2degrees.Itwasthefirstmodeltostudyclimate.Hisworkgreatlyhelpedscientistsstudyclimatelater.TheothertwowinnersareGermanscientistKlausHasselmannandItalianscientistGiorgioParisi.NobelPrizeinphysiologyormedicine

Whycanwefeelcold,painortouch?AmericanscientistDavidJuliusandLebanon-bornArdemPatapoutianansweredthisquestion.Theyfoundsomespecialnervecells(神經(jīng)細(xì)胞).Thesecellssendamessagetoourbrainswhenweeathotfoodorhugsomeone.Theirfindingscanhelptreatmanydisease.Forexample,somechildrencan’tseetheirhands.Theyneedtoseewheretheirfingersarewhentheypickupsomething.Thisfindingscouldhelpdevelopdrugs(藥物)forthis.Itmayalsohelpmakehuman-likerobotsinthefuture!NobelPrizeinchemistryMakingnewmaterialsordrugsisnoteasy.Youoftenneedtobuildnewmolecules(分子).Atoms(原子)needtobeputtogetherthroughmanychemicalreactions(化學(xué)反應(yīng)).Itisoftenslow.BenjaminListfromGermanyandScotland-bornDavidMacMillanfoundawaytomakechemicalreactionsfaster,easierandgreener.Eachofthemfoundacatalysttodothis.Theirworkhasgreatlyfastertheworld’sdrugdevelopment.31.Whatcanwelearnaboutthisyear’sNobelPrizeinphysics?A.Itcelebratesthestudyofscientist’scuriosity.B.Oneofthewinnersstudiedclimatechangewithacomputermodel.C.Itshowsthatcomputerskillsarenotimportantinscience.D.ThreeGermanscientistssharedtheprize.32.AccordingtoJuliusandPatapoutian,wecanfeelcoldorpainbecause________.A.somespecialnervecellssendmessagestoourbrainsB.ourbrainscanmakespecialnervecellsC.wecanfeelourownfingersD.therearechemical