國航機(jī)務(wù)英語第四冊-口語交流

CONTENT

Lesson One AirConditioning P.1

Lesson Three AirSource P.10

Lesson Four Communication P.14

Lesson Five APU P.18

LessonSix FireProtection P.22

LessonSeven EngineIgnition P.26

LessonEight Oil P.30

LessonNine FlightControl P.34

LessonTen CentreMaintenanceSystem P.37

LessonEleven AirConditioningLayOut P.43

LessonTwelve Navigation P.49

LessonThirteen AutoFlight P.53

LessonFourteen HydraulicSystem P.58

LessonFifteen ElectricalPower P.63

LessonSixteen Navigation P.67

LessonSeventeen Fuel P.71

LessonEighteen CentreMaintenanceSystem P.77

LessonNineteen Oil P.81

LessonTwenty FlightControl P.84

LessonOne

AirconditioningSystem

Partone:Readthefollowingpassageandmemoryasmuchasyoucan,andthendescribethediagrambelowwithyourownwords.

Theairconditioningsystemsuppliespressurizationtothewholepassengercompartment,thecockpit,allthecargocompartmentsandtheavioniccompartment.

Thereareareasinthefuselagethatarenotpressurizedandtheyareseparatedbypressurebulkheads.

Areasthatarenotpressurizedarethelandinggearbays,theradomeandthetailcone.

Exercises:1

QuestionstotheText:

Whereispressurizedbytheairconditioningsystem?

Arethereanyun-pressurizedareas?Whatarethey?

Radomispressurized,isn’tit?

Exercises2:

DescribeFig.1withwhatyouhavelearnedinthetext.Speakasmuchaspossiblewithyourownwords.

Fig.1

Fig.1Airconditioningsystem

PartTwo: Readthefollowingpassageandmemoryasmuchasyoucan,andthendescribethediagrambelowwithyourownwords.

Electricityismainlyusedforelectricalheating,forlighting,toproducemechanicalpower,andlastbutnotleasttosupplyalltheelectronicdevices.

Electricalpowerforheatingismainlyusedinthegalleysforovensandcoffeemachines.Itisalsousedinantiicesystemstopreventicingofairdataprobes,watersystemsandcockpitwindows.

Lightingequipmentismainlyusedinthecockpittoprovidesufficientgeneralbrightnessandtoilluminatetheworkingareaslikepanelsandmapsandinthecabinforpassengercomfortandsafetyandoutsidetheaircrafttomaketheaircraftvisibleforotheraircraftandtoilluminatethegroundduringtakeoffandlanding.

Mechanicalpowerisproducedbyelectricmotors,whicharemainlyusedtodrivepumps,forexample,fuelandhydraulicpumpsortodriveavalvetothecommandedpositioninthefuel,hydraulicorairconditioningsystemortomovemechanicalpartslikedoorsandcargocontainers.

Electronicdevicesthatareusedinnearlyallaircraftsystemsarethecomputersforsystemcontrolandmonitoringandthecontrolinputsandindicationsinthecockpitandsensorsthroughoutthewholeaircraft.

Exercise1:

QuestionstotheText:

Whatiselectricalpowerusedfor?

Weredoestheheatingforovenandcoffeemachinescomefrom?

whatislightingequipmentusedfor?

Arethereanylightingequipmentoutsidetheaircraft?

Whatarethepurposeforthelightsoutsidetheaircraft?

Howisthevalvecontrolled?

Electronicdevicesareusedtocontrolvarioussystems,aren’tthey?

Exercises2:

DescribeFig.2withwhatyouhavelearnedinthetext.Speakasmuchaspossiblewithyourownwords.

Fig.2ElectricalPower

LessonTwo

AutoFlight

PartOne: Readthefollowingpassageandmemoryasmuchasyoucan,andthendescribethediagrambelowwithyourownwords.

Theaircrafthasthreeaxes.Theyarecalled:

thelongitudinalorx--axis

andthelateralory—axis

theverticalorz--axis

TheAutopilotcontrolstheaircraftattitudedirectlyaround2axes,byelevatordeflectionsfromthepitchchannelandailerondeflectionsfromtherollchannel.

AutolandAutopilotscanalsocontroltheaircraftattitudedirectlyaroundtheverticalaxisbyrudderdeflectionsfromtheyawchannel.

TheYawdampercontrolstheruddertodampendutchrolloscillations(swings)duringtheentireflight.

Thepitchtrimsystemmovesthehorizontalstabilizer,tocompensateforchangesinthecenterofgravityandcenterofliftduringflight.

Autothrottleistheonlysystemthatcancontrolanaircraftmotionalonganaxis,

calledatranslatorymotion.Itgeneratesaccelerationsinthex--axisbycontrollingtheenginethrust.

Exercise1:

QuestionstotheText:

Howmanyaxesdoesanaircraftmovealong?

2. WhatisthefunctionoftheYawDamper?

3. WhatisthefunctionofthePitchtrim?

4. Howdoesanaircraftaccelerate?

5. Howisverticalmovementofanaircraftachieved?

Exercise2:

DescribeFig.3withwhatyouhavelearnedinthetext.Speakasmuchaspossiblewithyourownwords.

Fig.3AxesofAnAircraft

Fig.3PitchYawandRoll

PartTwo: Readthefollowingpassageandmemoryasmuchasyoucan,andthendescribethediagrambelowwithyourownwords.

Allmodernaircraftareequippedwithautoflightsystems.

Typically,anautoflightsystemhasthefollowingsubsystems:

--theAutopilot,orAPinshort

--theFlightDirector,orFD

--theAutothrottleSystem,usuallyabbreviatedasATS

--theAutomaticPitchTrimSystem,alsocalledAutotrim

--andtheYawDamperSystem,orYD

TheFlightDirectorshowsthepilothowtoflytheaircraftmanually.ThisisdonebyFlightDirectorCommandbarsinthePrimaryFlightDisplay--PFDorAttitudeDirectorIndicator--ADI.

TheAutothrottleSystemreducestheworkloadforthepilotsbycontrollingtheenginepowerautomatically.

Autotrimmaintainspitchstabilityduringallphasesoftheflight.Itusuallyadjuststhehorizontalstabilizerautomatically.

TheYawDamperimprovesthedynamicstabilityoftheaircraftduringthewholeflight.

TheFMSdoesnavigationandperformancecalculationsforoptimumflightperformance.

Exercise1:

Questionstothetext:

Howmanysubsystemsdoesautoflightconsistof?

Whatdoesflightdirectorshow?

WhatisthefunctionofAutothrottle?

Whatisautotrimusedfor?

Whichsubsystemcanimprovetheaircraftdynamicstability?

whatdoesFMCstandfor?

Exercise2:

DescribeFig.4withwhatyouhavelearnedinthetext.Speakasmuchaspossiblewithyourownwords.

Fig.4AutoflightSystem

LessonThree

AirSource

Partone: Readthefollowingpassageandmemoryasmuchasyoucan,andthendescribethediagrambelowwithyourownwords.

Onaircraftpneumaticenergyisusedforenginestarting,cabinpressurizationandairconditioning,winganti--icing,waterreservoirpressurizationandhydraulicreservoirpressurizationonsomeaircraft.

Youmayfindothersystemsandcomponentsthatalsoworkpneumatically,forinstance,air--drivenpumpsforhydraulicsorairmotorsusedforslatoperation.Inanypneumaticsystems,airpressureandtemperatureneedtobeasconstant

aspossibletosupportthedifferentconsumerseffectively.

Exercise1:

Questionstothetext:

Whatisthefunctionofaircraftpneumaticsystem?

whyconstantairpressureandtemperatureareneeded?

Doesair-drivenworkpneumaticallyorhydraulically?

Airmotorsareusedforhydraulicsystemoperation,aren’tthey?

Exercise2:

DescribeFig.5withwhatyouhavelearnedinthetext.Speakasmuchaspossiblewithyourownwords.

Fig.5PneumaticSystem

PartTwo: Readthefollowingpassageandmemoryasmuchasyoucan,andthendescribethediagrambelowwithyourownwords.

Amodularengineconstructionisusedonallmodernaircraft.Thewholeengineissplitupintoasetofseparatemajormodules.Theseenginemodulesarepre--assembledandbalanced.Theyarespeciallydesignedtoberemovedandreplacedmoreeasily.Themodulesremainintactafterremovalanddonotfalltopieces.

Themajorenginemodulesarefurtherdividedintoindividualmodules.Thenumberofmodulesdependsonthemanufacturerandontheenginetype.

Exercise1:

Questionstothetext:

Whyareenginesaredesignedintoasetofseparatemodules?

Whatwouldbelikeifengineisdisassembled?

Cantheenginemodulebefurtherdivided?

Howmanymodulesdoesanenginecontain?

Exercise2:

DescribeFig.6withwhatyouhavelearnedinthetext.Speakasmuchaspossiblewithyourownwords.

Fig.6.EngineConstruction

LessonFour

Communication

Partone: Readthefollowingpassageandmemoryasmuchasyoucan,andthendescribethediagrambelowwithyourownwords.

Forcommunicationinaircraftweneedtwogeneralcomponentsfornearlyallsystems:

Microphonestransfertheacousticinformationintoanelectricalsignal.Loudspeakerstransfertheelectricalsignalbackintoacousticalinformation.Differenttypesofmicrophoneareusedinthecockpit.Anareamicrophone,whichisusuallyinstalledontheceilingpanel,isusedbythevoicerecordertorecordthegeneralcockpitsounds;ahand—heldmicrophoneisusedforannouncementstothepassengers;andintegratedmicrophonesarecontainedintheoxygenmaskortheheadset.Thesearecalledtheboomset.

Exercise1:

Questionstothetext:

Whatmakesitpossibleforthecommunicationinaircraft?

Whatisthefunctionofamicrophone?

Whichcomponenttransfertheelectricalsignalintoacousticalinformation?

Howmanytypesofmicrophoneareusedinthecockpit?

Whattypeofmicrophonedoesthevoicerecorderuse?

6. Whereisthevoicerecordermicrophonelocated?

Exercise2:

DescribeFig.7withwhatyouhavelearnedinthetext.Speakasmuchaspossiblewithyourownwords.

Fig.7Communication

PartTwo: Readthefollowingpassageandmemoryasmuchasyoucan,andthendescribethediagrambelowwithyourownwords.

TheVHFcommunicationsystemisusedforshortdistancevoiceanddatacommunicationwithgroundstationsorotheraircraft.

MHzto137MHz.

Notethatthefrequencyof121.5isaninternationalemergencyfrequency,whichisused,forexample,bytheemergencylocatorbeacon.

Thespacingbetweeneachcommunicationchannelisnormally25kHz,whichmeansthat760frequencies,alsocalledchannels,areavailable.

InEuropemorechannelsarerequiredinhighflightlevels,thereforemodernsystemsuseachannelspacingof8.3kHzwhichmeansmorethan2000channelsareavailable.

Exercise1:

Questionstothetext:

WhatisthefunctionoftheVHFcommunicationsystem?

DoyouknowthefrequencyrangeofVHFcommunication?Whatarethey?

Whenwilltheemergencyfrequencybeused?

HowmanychannelsareavailableforVHFsystem?

HowmanyKHzisthespacingbetweeneachchannel?

Exercise2:

DescribeFig.8withwhatyouhavelearnedinthetext.Speakasmuchaspossiblewithyourownwords.

Fig.8VHFCommunication

LessonFive

APU

Partone: Readthefollowingpassageandmemoryasmuchasyoucan,andthendescribethediagrambelowwithyourownwords.

WecansplittheAPUintothreemainsections.

thepowersection

thebleedsection

andtheaccessorygearboxsection

ThepowersectionoftheAPUdrivesthecompressorandthegearbox.ThisgearboxdrivesallAPUaccessorieslike

thefuelpump

theoilpumps

thecoolingfan

andtheAC-generator.

OnverylargeAPUlikethisone,youmayevenfindtwoAC-generatorsonthegearbox.

Exercise1:

Questionstothetext:

HowmanymainsectionscanAPUbedividedinto?

WhatarethethreemainpartsofaAPU?

WhichpartoftheAPUdrivesthegearbox?

Howdoesthefuelpumpwork?

HowmanyAPUsdoesanaircrafthave?

Exercise2:

DescribeFig.9withwhatyouhavelearnedinthetext.Speakasmuchaspossiblewithyourownwords.

Fig.9APU

PartTwo: Readthefollowingpassageandmemoryasmuchasyoucan,andthendescribethediagrambelowwithyourownwords.

TheAPUdoorsgiveaccessforservicingandmaintenance.

Thereareusuallytwodoorslocatedonthebottomoftherearfuselage.Onsmallaircraft,thereisonlyonedoor.

Latchesinthelowerinboardedgeoftheaccessdoorholdandsecurethedoorsclosed.

Exercise1:

Questionstothetext:

WhatisthefunctionoftheAPUdoors?

HowmanydoorsdoesanAPUusuallyhave?

WheredoestheAPUdoorlocated?

Whatisthepurposeofthelatches?

Exercise2:

DescribeFig10withwhatyouhavelearnedinthetext.Speakasmuchaspossiblewithyourownwords.

Fig.10APUdoors

LessonSix

FireProtection

Partone: Readthefollowingpassageandmemoryasmuchasyoucan,andthendescribethediagrambelowwithyourownwords.

TheAPUisasmallenginewhichalsohasafiredetectionsystem.ThesystemmustbeoperativewhentheAPUisrunning.

TheAPUfirewarningsystemactivatesthesamefirewarninginthecockpitasfortheengines.

Thesystemalsohas2featuresthatareimportantifthecockpitisempty.Onefeatureisagroundwarninginthenoseormainwheelwellarea.Aredlightflashesandawarninghornsounds.

TheAPUfiredetectionsensoristhesametypeofcontinuousdualloopasfortheenginefiredetectionsystem.

Exercise1:

Questionstothetext:

Whenmustthefireprotectionsystembeoperative?

Whythereisagroundwarninginthenoseormainwheelwellarea?

Whatkindofwarningdoesthesystemwillgiveifthereisafire?

WhattypeistheAPUfiredetectionsensor?

Exercise2:

DescribeFig11withwhatyouhavelearnedinthetext.Speakasmuchaspossiblewithyourownwords.

CockpitWarning

GroundWarning

Redlight

Sensorloop

Fig.11APUFireProtection

PartTwo: Readthefollowingpassageandmemoryasmuchasyoucan,andthendescribethediagrambelowwithyourownwords.

Whenafirestarts,therearethreewaystoputoutthefire:

cooldownthetemperture;

removetheoxygen;

orremovetheflammablematerials

Allfireextinguisheragentsuseoneormoreoftheseeffectstoextinguishafire.

Inanaircraft,afiremustbeextinguishedasquicklyaspossible.Thisisdoneeitherbyaninstalledfireextinguishingsystemorbyusingportablefireextinguishers.Bothmethodsuseveryeffectiveextinguishingagentstoputoutafire.

Intransportaircraft,fireextinguishingsystemsareinstalledontheengines,ontheAPU,inthetoiletsandinthecargocompartments,ifnecessaryforthecompartmentclassification.

Exercise1:

Questionstothetext:

Whataretheprinciplesforthedistinguishertoputoutafire?

Whyafireinanaircraftmustbeextinguishedassoonaspossible?

Howisafireinanaircraftdistinguished?

Wherearethedistinguishersinstalledintransportaircraft?

Accordingtofig.12,howmanydistinguishersareinstalledintheaircraft?

Exercise2:

DescribeFig12withwhatyouhavelearnedinthetext.Speakasmuchaspossiblewithyourownwords.

Toilet

APU

engine

Cargocompartment

Fig.12FireExtinguisherLocatin

LessonSeven

EngineIgnition

PartOne: Readthefollowingpassageandmemoryasmuchasyoucan,andthendescribethediagrambelowwithyourownwords.

Inthissegmentwewilllookattheoperationandbuild--upoftheigniterplug.Youcanfindtwoigniterplugsoneachengine,oneforsystemAandtheotherforsystemB.Inthecutviewoftheengineontherightyoucanseethattheigniterplugsareinstalledin2positionsinthecombustionchamberbelowthecenterlineoftheengine.

Exercise1:

Questionstothetext:

Whatshallwelearninthissegment?

Whatdoesthewordbuild-upmeanhere?

Howmanyignitersarethereoneachengine?

Wherearetheyinstalled?

Whichpartofthediagramtellsusthepositionoftheigniterplug?

Exercise2:

DescribeFig13withwhatyouhavelearnedinthetext.Speakasmuchaspossiblewithyourownwords.

Fig.13IgniterInstallation

PartTwo: Readthefollowingpassageandmemoryasmuchasyoucan,andthendescribethediagrambelowwithyourownwords.

Thepartoftheignitionleadthatrunsalongthecoreenginehasacoolingairjacket.Airfromtheenginecompressorpassesthroughthegapbetweentheconduitandtherubberinsulation.Nowyoucanstarttheairflowbydoingthistask.Thecoolingairentersthroughinletholesandcomesoutabovethecouplingnut.Fromheretheairflowsoverthesurfaceoftheigniterplugandgivesadditionalcooling.Thecoolingairfortheleadisnecessarybecausethecopperwireincreasesitsresistancewiththetemperature.Soahotleaddecreasestheignitercurrentandconsequentlytheenergyoftheigniterspark.

Exercise1:

Questionstothetext:

Howistheignitionleadcooled?

Whereisthecoolingairfrom?

Whyisthecoolingairnecessary?

Whatwillhappeniftheleadbecomeshot?

Exercise2:

DescribeFig14withwhatyouhavelearnedinthetext.Speakasmuchaspossiblewithyourownwords.

Fig.14.IgnitionLeadCooling

LessonEight

EngineOil

PartOne: Readthefollowingpassageandmemoryasmuchasyoucan,andthendescribethediagrambelowwithyourownwords.

Inthissegmentyouwilllearnaboutthemaintasksofengineoilandthedifferentcharacteristicsofoils.Firstletuslookatthemaintasksofoilonmodernjetengines.Thesetasksinclude:

--lubricating,

--cooling,

--cleaning

--andcorrosionprotection.

Generally,lubricationisneededtoreducefrictionbetweenmetalsurfacesthatmoveagainsteachother.Thecontactsurfaceslookverysmoothbutwhenyoulookmorecloselyatthemthroughamicroscopeyoucanseethattheyareveryrough(Fig15).

Whenthesurfacesmoveagainsteachothertheycancauseveryhighfrictionandwear.Sotheoilisneededtoformaprotectivefilm.Thispreventsthecontactbetweenthemetalsurfaces.Anoilpumppumpstheoilintothegearboxandthenissqueezedintothegapbetweentwoparts.

Exercise1:

Questionstothetext:

Whatarethemaintasksoftheoilonmodernengine?

Whyislubricationisneeded?

Thesurfaceofametalpartisactuallyveryrough,isn’tit?

Ifthereisnooiltolubricate,whatwillhappenwhentwopartsmoveagainsteachother?

Howdoestheoilgetintothegearbox?

Exercise2:

DescribeFig14withwhatyouhavelearnedinthetext.Speakasmuchaspossiblewithyourownwords.

Fig.15TaskofEngineOil

PartTwo: Readthefollowingpassageandmemoryasmuchasyoucan,andthendescribethediagrambelowwithyourownwords.

Theoilreservoirandsupplysystemarealsocalledthepressureoilsystem.Themaincomponentsofthissystemare:

--theoiltank

--thesupplylines

--thesupplypump

--andthesupplyfilter.

Theoilisstoredintheoiltankandpumpedbythesupplypumpthroughthesupplylinestotheoilnozzlesintheenginebearingcompartmentsandthegearboxes.

Theoilisfilteredbeforeitreachestheoilnozzles.Thesupplyfilterislocateddownstreamofthesupplypump.Thefilterremovesanyforeignparticlesfromtheoilbeforeitreachestheoilnozzles.Thispreventsblockageofthenozzles.

Exercise1:

Questionstothetext:

Whatdoesoilsystemconsistof?

Whereisoilstored?

Howistheoilsenttothenozzles?

Whereisthefilterlocated?

Whatisthefunctionofthefilter?

6. Whyshouldtheforeignparticlesberemoved?

Exercise2:

DescribeFig16withwhatyouhavelearnedinthetext.Speakasmuchaspossiblewithyourownwords.

Fig16.PressureOilSystemSchematic

Fig.16PressureOilSystemLessonNine

FlightControls

PartOne: Readthefollowingpassageandmemoryasmuchasyoucan,andthendescribethediagrambelowwithyourownwords.

Allflightcontrolsystemscanbedividedinto:

controlinputs

controltransmissions

andcontroloutputsorsurfaces.

Controltransmissionsconnectthecontrolinputswiththecontroloutputs.Controltransmissionsareachievedmechanically,hydraulicallyandelectrically.

Themaincomponentsinamechanicaltransmissionarerodsandacablesystem.

Hydraulicaltransmissionsusehydrauliccomponentstoconvertinputsignalsintohydraulicpressure.Thehydraulicpressuremovestheflightcontrolsurface.Hydraulicaltransmissionsuse:mechanicalcomponentsaswellashydraulicalcomponents.

Exercise1:Questionstothetext

1.Whatgroupscanflightcontrolsystemfallinto?

2.Howarecontrolinputsandoutputsconnected?

3.Whatpartsdothemechanicaltransmissionsconsistof?

4.Tellushowishydraulicaltransmissionachieved?

5.Bywhattheflightcontrolsurfaceismoved?

Exercise2: DescribeFig17withwhatyouhavelearnedinthetext.Speakasmuchaspossiblewithyourownwords.

Fig.17FlightControls

PartTwo: Readthefollowingpassageandmemoryasmuchasyoucan,andthendescribethediagrambelowwithyourownwords.

Cablesmustbecleaned,inspectedandlubricatedonaregularbasis.Lintfreeclothdampenedwithsolventcanbeusedtoremoveoldlubricationgreaseandalldirtfromthesurfaceofthecontrolcables.

Exercise1:

DescribeFig18withwhatyouhavelearnedinthetext.Speakasmuchaspossiblewithyourownwords.

dirtandgrease

Fig18CableCleaning

FigF

Fig18CableCleaning

LessonTen

CentralMaintenanceSystem

PartOne: Readthefollowingpassageandmemoryasmuchasyoucan,andthendescribethediagrambelowwithyourownwords.

TheCMCShastwomodesofoperation.Themodesarecalledreportingmodeandinteractivemode.

Thefirstmodeiscalledthereportingmode.Inthismode,theCMCscansalloftheaircraftsystemsthatareconnectedtoit.Asitdoesthis,theCMCmemorizesthetransmittedfaultinformation.

ThismemorizedfaultinformationcanbereadatanytimebyuseoftheMCDUoraprintoutfromtheprinter.Itcanalsobesenttothehomebaseviathedatalinksystem.

Exercise1:Questionstothetext

WhichtwomodesdoestheCMCShave?

Whatisthefirstmode?Whatdoesthefirstmodedo?

Whatisthesecondmode?Whatdoesthesecondmodedo?

Howcanwereadthememorizedfaultinformation?

howcantheinformationbesenttohomebase?

Exercise2:

DescribeFig19withwhatyouhavelearnedinthetext.Speakasmuchaspossiblewithyourownwords.

Fig.19CentralMaintenanceSystem

PartTwo: Readthefollowingpassageandmemoryasmuchasyoucan,andthendescribethediagrambelowwithyourownwords.

Thedisplayscreenconsists14lineswithamaximumof24charactersineach.Thetoplineiscalledthetitlelineandshowsthetitleoftheselecteddisplay.Belowthetitlelineare12datalines.Thedatalinesarearrangedin6pairswithalabellineinsmallfontsatthetopandadatalineinlargefontsbelowit.Eachdatalinehasarightandleftlineselectkey.

Thebottomlineiscalledthescratchpadormessageline.InthislinetheMCDUgivesmessagestotheoperatorsuchasselectdesiredsystemwhichwehaveseenalready.

Exercise1:Questionstothetext

Howmanylinesdoesadisplayscreenconsistof?

Howmanycharactersdoesalinemaximallycontain?

Whatdoesthefirstlinedisplay?

Howarethe12datalinesarranged?

WherearetheLSKlocated?

Whatisthepurposeofthescratchpad?

Exercise2:

DescribeFig20withwhatyouhavelearnedinthetext.Speakasmuchaspossiblewithyourownwords.

Fig20MCDUDisplay

SaidILovedYou...ButIlied

Youarethecandle,love'stheflame

Afirethatburnsthroughwindandrain

Shiningyourlightthroughtheheartofmine

Tilltheendoftime

Youcametomelikethedawnthroughthenight

Justshininglikethesun

Outofmydreamsandintomylife

Youaretheone,you'retheone

Chorus:

SaidIlovedyoubutIlied

‘CausethisismorethanloveIfeelinside

SaidIlovedyoubutIwaswrong

‘Causelovecouldnevereverfeelsostrong

SaidIlovedyoubutIlied

WithallmysoulI'vetriedinvain

Howcanmerewordsmyheartexplain

Thistasteofheavensodeepsotrue

I'vefoundinyou

Somanyreasonsinsomanyways

Mylifehasjustbegun

Needyouforever,Ineedyoutostay

Youaretheone,you'retheone

Chorus

Youcametomelikethedawnthroughthenight

Justshininglikethesun

Outofmydreamsandintomylife

Youaretheone,youraretheone

SaidIlovedyou

ButthisismorethanloveIfeelinside

SaidIlovedyou...ButIlied

LessonEleven

AirConditioningsystem

PartTOne: Readthefollowingpassageandmemoryasmuchasyoucan,andthendescribethediagrambelowwithyourownwords.

Theairsupplycomesfromthepneumaticsystem.

Theairconditioningsystemstartsafterthepackvalve.

Theairiscooledbytwoormoreidenticalpacks.Basictemperatureandhumidityregulationarecarriedoutinthisareaofthesystem.

Theairconditioningsystemthenmixescooledairwithhotairtogivethedesiredtemperatureintheconditionedcompartments.

Theairconditioningsystemalsosuppliesthenecessarycoolingtopanels,batteriesandelectronicracksbyventilatingthemwithair.

Finally,theconditionedairisdistributedtothecompartments.Thecabinandflightcompartmentarepressurizedtosupplyapressurecorrespondingtoallflightaltitudes.Thisisregulatedbytheoutflowvalve.

Exercise1:Questionstothetext

Wheredoestheairsupplycomefrom?

Howistheaircooled?

Whyarethecooledairandhotairmixed?

Whatfunctiondoestheairconditioningperform?

Whichsystemoftheairplanecankeeptheproperpressurizationcorrespondingtoallflightaltitudes?

Howisthepressureregulated?

Exercise2:

DescribeFig21,Speakasmuchaspossiblewithyourownwords.

Fig.21AirconditioningLayOut

PartTTwo: Readthefollowingpassageandmemoryasmuchasyoucan,andthendescribethediagrambelowwithyourownwords.

Theairconditioningsystemmustmakesureof5physicalcharacteristics.

Itmustmakesurethattheairisfresh,clean,atacomfortabletemperature,atthecorrecthumidityandatthecorrectpressure.

Let’slookateachofthese5characteristicsinturn,thefirstonewewillconsiderisfreshness.

Thereareregulationsrelatingtofreshnessonboard.Theseregulationsstatethatthereisaminimumoffreshairwhichmustbesuppliedtothecabin.

TheseregulationsarestatedintheFARandJARwhichdeterminesthebasicrequirementsforaircraftdesign.

Theregulationssaythat,onaverage,anacceptablelimitoffreshairtobesuppliedis0.283m3perminuteperperson.Thisisabout0,35kgperminuteatsealevel.

Theregulations,therefore,makeitnecessarythatthewholeofthecabinairbeexchangedevery3to5min,dependingonthenumberofpeopleintheaircraft.Thismeans,forexample,thataB747,whichhasacabinvolumeofnearly800m3and500passengerseats,shiftsaminimum160m3ofairinoneminute.

Exercise1:Questionstothetext

Whatarethefivecharacteristicsthattheairconditioningsystemhastokeep?

Whichofthefive,doyouthink,isthemostimportantforthepeopletosurvive?

Whatistheacceptablelimitoffreshair?

Whereyoucanfindtheregulation?

Howoftenshouldtheairofthecabinbechanged?

HowmanyseatsarethereinaBoeing747?

Exercise2: DescribeFig22withwhatyouhavelearned