（全國卷）高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars課時作業(yè) 新人教版必修3-新人教版高三必修3英語試題

Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestarsⅠ.閱讀理解AHowoftenhaveyoureadastorythatafriendorfamilymemberhassentyou？Verylikelyyouwouldhaveskippedthenewshaditnotbeenpointedouttoyou.TraditionallynewspapersandfamousTVchannelshavebeenoursourceofauthenticnews.Butthesedayswiththepopularityofsocialmedia，sharingstoriesisincreasinglybecomingafavoritesourceofnews.Infact，researchsuggeststhatmorethanhalfthepeoplegettheirnewstodayfromsocialmediasuchasFacebook，TwitterandGoogle.Socialmediasitesoftenaggregatecontentsforustoseebasedontrendingtopics—storiesthathavebeenviewedbymanyothersaswellasbasedonourownpastsearchesandanalysisofourlikesanddislikes.Ifyouhavelikedkittensinthepast，youmayhavenoticedthatyouareseeingmorenews，blogsandanalysisaboutkittensallofasudden.Whileadvocatesoffreespeechdonotwanttocontrolanyvoice，itiscertainlyharmfulwhenitisdifficulttoseparatetruthfromfiction.Imaginetheinfluenceoffake(虛假的)newswhenitbeginstoaffectourownlives.Trustingapieceofnews，patientscouldveryeasilyfallforwrongdiagnosis;elderscouldgivemoneytocheatsandreputationofperfectlyuprightcitizenscouldbeeasilyruined.Whataboutwhenweresearchforaschoolprojectandbaseouranalysisonfalseinformationornews?MarkZukerberghasfinallyacknowledgedtheissue.Amongseveralprojectsthatthecompanyisconsidering，F(xiàn)acebookistryingtotakepowerfulmeasurestocrackdownonfalsenews.Thiswouldincludewarninglabelsonfakecontents.Fakenewsalsomakesalotofprofitsfromadvertising.GoogleandFacebookhavesaidtheywilllimitadvertisingprofitsontheirnetworkfromsuchsites.Thebottomline—don'tbelieveeverywordofwhatyouread.Domoreresearchfrommultiple(多樣的)sourcestoensurethatthenewsisindeedtruebeforeyousharewithothers.[語篇解讀]本文為一篇說明文?，F(xiàn)在社交媒體充斥著大量虛假信息，這些信息的傳播對人們的生活危害很大。為了治理這種現(xiàn)象，一些社交媒體已經(jīng)采取了一些措施。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“aggregate”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Analyze. B．Cancel.C．Gather. D．Rewrite.解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句可推知：社交媒體經(jīng)常根據(jù)用戶的瀏覽、搜索信息為用戶收集信息，由此可見aggregate意為：gather(收集)。analyze“分析”；cancel“取消”；rewrite“改寫”。答案：C2．WhatcanweinferfromParagraph4?A．Peopletendtobelievethenewsonsocialmedia.B．Falsenewsisfashionableonsocialmedia.C．Falsestoriesaresharedquicklyacrosssocialmedia.D．Misleadinginformationharmsus.解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Whileadvocatesoffreespeechdonotwanttocontrolanyvoice，itiscertainlyharmfulwhenitisdifficulttoseparatetruthfromfiction.”可知：誤導(dǎo)人的信息對我們有害，故答案為D項。答案：D3．HowwillFacebookdealwithfalsenews?A．Tolabelfakecontentstowarn.B．Toforbidadvertisingonitsnetwork.C．Toprovethenewsfrommultiplesources.D．Toclosedownthesitesoffalsenews.解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Thiswouldincludewarninglabelsonfakecontents.”(這包括給虛假信息做上警示標(biāo)記)可知答案為A項。答案：A4．Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A．KeepAwayfromFakeNewsB．NeverBlindlyBelieveAnythingYouReadC．RefusetoSpreadHarmfulInformationD．SeparateTruthfromFictionSkillfully解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。本文主要介紹了現(xiàn)在一些社交媒體中充斥著大量的虛假信息，這些信息對人們有很大危害。因此作者告誡讀者不要盲目相信媒體上的信息，在傳播信息之前一定要確保信息的真實性。由此可見B項最適合作為本文的題目。答案：BBRunoutofcookingoilorneedsomedressingforyoursalad？Thesolutionmaybeinsectsfromyourbackyard！Scientistsareturninginsectsintoasourceofhealthyoil.Eventhoughinsectsareafoodsourceinsomepartsoftheworld，tomanypeople，thethoughtofeatingthemisverydisgusting.“Inthewesterncountries，thereisnocultureofeatingentireinsects，sowhentheideaistousetheproteininpowderasaningredient，peoplemighttendtoreceivethisproteinbettereveniftheycannotseeit，”saidresearcherDaylanTzompas-Sosa，WageningenUniversity，Netherlands.“Therearemanyusesfortheoilingeneral，butweareinvestigatingtheuseoftheseoilsforafood，asafoodingredient.”TheMexicanresearcher，workingintheNetherlands，saidinsectsareagreatsourceofheart-healthyomega-3fattyacids，whichcanhelptreatanxietydisordersymptoms.BackinguptheincreasedrelianceoninsectsistheUnitedNationsFoodandAgricultureOrganization.Ina2013report，theUNagencyallowedthecultivationofbugsasafoodsource，sayingit'senvironmentallyfriendlyandcouldboosttheworld'sfoodproduction.Thereareclearreasonswhyexpertsadvisepeopletoeattheinsects.Expertssayinsectsrequirelittlefoodtogrowandthebackyardcanbeagoodplacetoraisethem.Andthere'snoshortageofprotein-richinsects，whichcontainfat，vitamins，fiberandminerals.Researcherssaydifferentbugsprovideuniquetastesandtextures.“Thisisveryliquidandithasadifferentcolor，sothiscanbeusedasadressingforexampleandit'seasytouseandthiscanbeusedforexampleforpastry，becauseforpastryyouneedhardfats，”statedTzompas-Sosa.Butnotallinsectsproducegoodoil.Cockroachesdon't.Thebugoilsmustbetestedtomakesuretheyaresafetoconsume.Butgettingoverthe“ickfactor”maybeabiggerchallenge.[語篇解讀]本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了食用昆蟲的問題。文章指出了食用昆蟲的好處，同時指出有些昆蟲在使用前還需進一步測試以確保其安全性。5．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheuseofbugoils?A．Doubtful. B．Objective.C．Supportive. D．Unfavorable.解析：推理判斷題。作者只是客觀陳述了食用昆蟲的問題，并沒有給出自己的觀點，故本題答案為B項。答案：B6．Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedphrase“Backingup”inParagraph3?A．Raising. B．Rejecting.C．Supporting. D．Enjoying.解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段“Ina2013report，theUNagencyallowedthecultivationofbugsasafoodsource，sayingit'senvironmentallyfriendlyandcouldboosttheworld'sfoodproduction.”可知聯(lián)合國糧食和農(nóng)業(yè)組織支持食用昆蟲，故答案為C項。答案：C7．Whydoexpertssuggesteatingtheinsects?A．They'rerichinminerals.B．Theyhavedifferentcolors.C．Theytastegood.D．They'reeasytoraise.解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“Expertssayinsectsrequirelittlefoodtogrowandthebackyardcanbeagoodplacetoraisethem.”可知，專家們認(rèn)為昆蟲需要很少的食物去飼養(yǎng)，并且自家院落就可以養(yǎng)殖，因此可知，昆蟲很容易飼養(yǎng)，故答案為D項。答案：D8．Fromthelastparagraph，wecanlearnthat.A．a(chǎn)llinsectscannotproducegoodoilB．thebugoilsarethemostdeliciousC．it'ssafetoconsumethebugoilsD．theuseofbugoilsisbanned解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Butnotallinsectsproducegoodoil.Cockroachesdon't.”可知，食用昆蟲還需測試，并不是所有的昆蟲都適合食用，因此答案為A項。答案：AⅡ.完形填空IhavewrittenapoemcalledFlyingKites，inwhichaman1hissontoflyakite.Afterafewminutes，thechild2dropsthestringandletsthekitesoar(高飛)．Withjoyinhiseyes，hewatchesitclimbuntilitdisappears3.Thefatherrealizesthat4he'llhavetoloosenthetiethatbinds(綁)himtohisson.Andhe5“WillIreleasethestringasunselfishlyasthat？”Manyyearslatermyson，Gary，6hewouldn'tfinishhiscollegecareer.Itriedtotalkhimoutofit.Butnoneofmyreasoningmadeany7.AttheendofthesemesterGarymovedbackhome.Garymanagedtofinda8atanurseryandwentatitwithusualenthusiasm.I，9，wasdeeplydisappointed.Whatwasacollegeprofessor's10doingatajobthatanyhighschooldropoutcouldperform?ThenItriedto11him.“Look，”Isaid，“inafewyearsyou'llbeatyourhighschoolreunionwith12classmateswhobecamedoctors，lawyers，andengineers.Doyouthinkyou'llbeableto13that？”“Yes，Dad，”herepliedwithout14.Thenhefixedhiseyesonmineandsaid，“Buttherealquestionis：Canyou？”Shamesuddenly15me.Iwasn'tthinkingaboutmyson；Iwasthinkingaboutmyselfandwhatmyfriendswouldthink.Theproblemwasn'tGary'spride；itwasmine.AllatonceIrememberedmy16andthequestionitasks“WillIreleasethe17asunselfishlyasthat？”AtthatmomentIknewIhadtoletgo.Garywas18enoughtomakehisownchoices.TodayGaryhasasuccessfulcareerworkingforthecity.Iamvery19ofwhohehasbecome.20Iletgoofmypride，I'vebeenabletositbackandenjoywatchinghimsoar.[語篇解讀]本文主要講述了作者應(yīng)對兒子大學(xué)輟學(xué)這一情況的故事。1．A.orders B．instructsCadvises D．a(chǎn)llows解析：根據(jù)語境可推知，一個男人在教兒子放風(fēng)箏。instruct“教授”。故選B。答案：B2．A.suddenly B．a(chǎn)ctuallyC．properly D．sadly解析：根據(jù)下文可知，詩篇中的兒子突然(suddenly)把線松開，讓風(fēng)箏高飛。答案：A3．A.inarow B．inawayC．innotime D．inthedistance解析：與語境“disappears”呼應(yīng)可推知，風(fēng)箏消失在遠方(inthedistance)。答案：D4．A.abruptly B．eventuallyC．a(chǎn)bsolutely D．a(chǎn)pparently解析：這個男人意識到最終(eventually)他必須對兒子放手。答案：B5．A.responds B．guessesC．wonders D．hesitates解析：結(jié)合語境可推知，詩篇中的父親有疑問，想知道自己將來會不會無私地“松開線”。wonder“想知道”。答案：C6．A.believed B．explainedC．regretted D．a(chǎn)nnounced解析：根據(jù)語境可推知，作者的兒子宣布他將不會完成大學(xué)學(xué)業(yè)。答案：D7．A.progress B．decisionC．effort D．difference解析：根據(jù)下文的“AttheendofthesemesterGarymovedbackhome.”可知，作者的勸說毫無作用。makeadifference意為“有作用”。答案：D8．A.ball B．jobC．kite D．toy解析：根據(jù)下文的“Whatwasacollegeprofessor's10doingatajob”可知，作者的兒子找到了一份工作。答案：B9．A.therefore B．besidesC．however D．otherwise解析：根據(jù)上文的“withusualenthusiasm”和下文的“wasdeeplydisappointed”可知，上下文表示邏輯上的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。答案：C10．A.daughter B．nephewC．son D．cousin解析：根據(jù)上下文可知，Gary和作者是父子關(guān)系。答案：C11．A.support B．a(chǎn)cceptC．control D．persuade解析：根據(jù)作者下文所說的話和上文的“reasoning”可知，作者想勸說兒子放棄那份工作，因為作者感到很失望。persuade“勸說”。答案：D12．A.honest B．ordinaryC．latter D．former解析：根據(jù)“reunion”可知，此處是和以前的高中同學(xué)團聚。former“以前的”。答案：D13．A.prevent B．forgetC．handle D．a(chǎn)dmit解析：根據(jù)語境可知，作者認(rèn)為兒子的工作一個高中輟學(xué)者都可以做，而他的同學(xué)們則成了醫(yī)生、律師和工程師，作者問兒子能否應(yīng)對這種情況。handle“應(yīng)付，處理”。答案：C14．A.hesitation B．commitmentC．permission D．comment解析：作者的兒子很堅定地回答，沒有絲毫猶豫，與語境“Yes，Dad，”呼應(yīng)。答案：A15．A.deserted B．silencedC．ignored D．a(chǎn)ngered解析：根據(jù)上文可知，兒子的話讓作者沉默了。答案：B16．A.essay B．a(chǎn)rticleC．poem D．passage解析：根據(jù)上文的“IhavewrittenapoemcalledFlyingKites”可知，作者想起了自己寫的那首詩。答案：C17．A.secret B．stringC．dog D．news解析：根據(jù)上文的“WillIreleasethestringasunselfishlyasthat”可知，此處表示要放開風(fēng)箏上的線。答案：B18．A.old B．honestC．lucky D．cute解析：根據(jù)空后的“makehisownchoices”可推知，兒子已經(jīng)長大，可以自己做決定了。答案：A19．A.guilty B．tiredC．a(chǎn)fraid D．proud解析：根據(jù)上文的“TodayGaryhasasuccessfulcareerworkingforthecity.”可推知，父親看到兒子的成功，自然是為之自豪。答案：D20．A.Since B．WhenC．Although D．Unless解析：根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示邏輯上的因果關(guān)系。since“因為，既然”。答案：AⅢ.短文改錯Hereisafunnystory.Onedaythreemousessaidproudlytoeachotherthattheyeachcoulddrinkmorewine，sotheydecidedtohaveadrinkingcontest.Atlasttheybothfeltdizzy.Onesuggested，“Willanybodygotothewinecellartofetchanotherbot