怎樣區(qū)別一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

現(xiàn)在完畢時(shí)是由助動(dòng)詞have(has)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。助動(dòng)詞闡明該謂語(yǔ)是屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)范疇。它和主Wearegoodfriends.(現(xiàn)在的狀況）Iknewhimin1997.（過(guò)去的動(dòng)作）Wehaveknowneachothersince1997.（現(xiàn)在完畢時(shí)把過(guò)去的動(dòng)作和現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系起來(lái)并著眼于現(xiàn)在表達(dá)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去某個(gè)不擬定的時(shí)間，但對(duì)現(xiàn)在留下了某種影響和成果。常被just、already、yet，twice,ever,never,threetime等副詞修飾。如：-Haveyouhadlunch-Yes,Ihave.I'vejusthadIhavebeentoBeijing帶有for和since等表達(dá)一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)。如：Hehastaughtheresince1981 他自1981年就在這兒教書（可能還要繼續(xù)教）Ihaven'tseenherforfouryears. 提問(wèn)普通用how HowlonghaveyoulivedIlivedhereforaweeklastsummer.IhavelivedhereforaweekbynowIwilllivehereforaweeknextyear.Sunday,in1990,threeyearsago等。但是，在強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作產(chǎn)生的后果和影響時(shí)，能夠和某些表達(dá)不擬定的時(shí)間alreadyyet。already，yet如：Wehavealreadyfinishedourhomework.我們已完畢作業(yè)了。Theyhaven'tfinishedtheirhomeworkyet.他們還沒(méi)有完畢作業(yè)。用表達(dá)成說(shuō)話為止的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如sofar, uptonow,inthepastfewyears等。例如： hasbeentherethreetimes inthelastfewdays.用涉及“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如：nowtoday,thismorning(month,yearterm)等。例如：-Haveyoumethimtoday?-No,Ihaven't.Howmanytimeshaveyoubeentherethis現(xiàn)在完畢時(shí)能夠和帶有since或for等表“一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用,表達(dá)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從某一時(shí)刻開始，始終持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。：Ihaven'tseenhimfortwoyears. 但是，像come,arrive,buy等終止性動(dòng)詞不能與arrivearrive→be begin(start)→be →be comeback→be →be fallill(sick,asleep)→beill(sick,getgetup→be go →be→wear或put→wear或put →bebe→be→be→be或beamember →be gotoschool→bea catch(acold)→have(a gettoknowbegintostudy→study cometowork→work等如：Hehasbeeninthearmyforthreeyears.他從軍三年了。Hisfatherhasbeendeadfortwoyears.他父親逝世二年了。Thefilmhasbeenonfortenminutes.電影已開始十分鐘了。WehavestudiedEnglishforthreeyears.我們（開始）如：Ihvetthereie997since如：Itistwoyearssincehisfatherdied.=Hisfatherhasbeendeadfortwoyears.havebeen(to)與havegone(to)的區(qū)別：havebeen(to)表達(dá)“去過(guò)某地（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來(lái)了用于各人稱；havegone(to)表達(dá)“去某地了（說(shuō)話時(shí)某人不在本地”，慣用于第三人稱，前者可與onceneverseveraltimesTheyhavebeentoBeijingtwice.他們?nèi)ミ^(guò)北京兩次。HehasgonetoBeijing.他去北京了。IhavejustbeentoLondon.Iwenttherelastyesterday,lastweek，…ago,in1980,inOctober,justnow,具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)thismorning,tonight,thisApril,now,once，before,already,現(xiàn)在完畢時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inpastyears,live,teach,learn,work,study,come,go,leave,startdie,finishbecome,getmarriedIsawthisfilm （Ihaveseenthisfilm. Whydidyougetupsoearly? Whohasn'thandedinhispaper?（強(qiáng)調(diào)有卷子，可能為不公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)）ShehasreturnedfromParis. 她已從巴黎回來(lái)了。Shereturned HehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears. HehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears. HejoinedtheLeaguethreeyearsago. (三年前入團(tuán)，joinedIhavefinishedmyhomeworknow.---WillsomebodygoandgetDr.---He'salreadybeensent句子中如有過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞（如yesterday,last,weekin1960）時(shí)，不能使用現(xiàn)在完畢時(shí)，要用過(guò)去（錯(cuò)）Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslast（對(duì)）TomwrotealettertohisparentslastA.用already或Havetheytakendowntheoldpictures ?No,they Mostofushavefinishedourcompositions Hesaidhehadn’tvisitedtheexhibition B.用since或Wehavelearnedfivelessons _thebeginningofthisterm.MrsLiaohasbeeninhospital lastIhavestayedatmyaunt’s twoC.用havegone或haveWherearetheboystudents?They totheschoolIsyourfatherin?No,he toShenzhen. heever therebeforeYes,he thereseveralHeaskedmeif toHangzhouItoldhimthatIwantedtogothereforavisitasI never_ tothatcity1.Mother meanewcoatyesterday.I iton.ItfitsmeA.hadmade…h(huán)avetriedB.made…h(huán)aveC.has D.2“He todrawhorsesalready”.“When he?”“LastyearA.learned…h(huán)asB.learned…didC.has D.hasTom upintothetree.Look,he highupthereA.has B.has C.got D. you thetextyet?Yes,we ittwohours B.C. D.Did“Why she angry?”“Becausehe atherjustnow B.C.did…get…h(huán)as D.has…got…h(huán)as you thefilmbefore?Where you itHave B.DidC. D.DidYou mewaitingfortwohours.I foryousince B.haveC.kept…h(huán)ave D.havekept…h(huán)aveWhere John ?Tothelibrary.He thereforanhour.A.has…been…h(huán)asgone B.has…gone…h(huán)asbeenC. D. thebabystill ?No,it Has…cried…h(huán)as B.C.Did D.Is…crying…h(huán)asI theway.I hereforquitemanyA.knew…h(huán)ave B. C.know…h(huán)ave D. youever America?Yes,IA.Have…gone B.Have…gone C.Have…been D.Have…beenMybrother collegeforoverthreeA.hasgone B.hasbeen C.hasbeen D.hasbeenHe theArmybytheendof1989.He inthearmysince B.hasjoined…h(huán)asC.had D.hadjoined…h(huán)asBythetimeI backthey uptenA.came…h(huán)ave B.came…h(huán)ad C.come…h(huán)ave D.hadJack overfivelessonsbyseveno’clock.Thenhe aA. B.went…h(huán)ad C.had D.hadgone…h(huán)adWe outbythattimethathe aspyforalongA.hadfound…h(huán)ad B.had C.found…h(huán)ad D.Beforethenews him,he toknowaboutA.reaches…h(huán)as B.reached…h(huán)ad C. D.hadI himasecondletterbeforeI fromA.wrote…h(huán)eardB.wrote…h(huán)ad C.had D.havePeople thatthesoldiers A.say…h(huán)ad B.said…h(huán)as C. D.said…h(huán)adWe inagoodharvestbecausewe enoughA.didn’tget…h(huán)ad B.got…h(huán)ad C.hadgot…h(huán)ad D.got…h(huán)adn’tThey forfivehourswhenthey inNew B.hadflown…h(huán)adC.flew…h(huán)ad D.hadShe thatit fortwodaysbythatA.says…h(huán)as B.says…h(huán)ad C.said…h(huán)ad D.John theresincetheyearbefore,sohe had B.hadworked…h(huán)adC. D.worked…h(huán)adHe angrybecausehe foralongA.hadgot…h(huán)ad B. C.had D