專題44 說(shuō)明文（高考真題+各地模擬題）

備戰(zhàn)2022高考考英語(yǔ)完形填空話題分類訓(xùn)練(高考真題+各地模擬題)專題44說(shuō)明文（2018·上?！じ呖颊骖}）When17-year-oldQuattroMusserhangsoutwithfriends,theydon'tdrinkbeerorcruisearoundincarswiththeirdates.__1__,theysticktoG-ratedactivitiessuchasrock-climbingortalkingaboutbooks.Theyareingoodcompany,accordingtoanewstudyshowingthatteenagersareincreasinglydelayingactivitiesthathadlongbeenseenasritesofpassageinto__2__.Thestudy,publishedTuesdayinthejournalChildDevelopment,foundthatthepercentageofadolescentsintheU.S.whohaveadriver'slicense,whohavetriedalcohol,whodate,andwhoworkforpayhasplummetedsince1976,withthemostprecipitous(急劇的)__3__inthepastdecade.Thedeclinesappearedacrossrace,geographic,andsocioeconomiclines,andinrural,urban,andsuburbanareas.Tobesure,morethanhalfofteensstillengageintheseactivities,butthe__4__haveslimmedconsiderably.Teenshavealsoreportedasteadydeclineinsexualactivityinrecentdecades,astheportionofhighschoolstudentswhohavehadsexfellfrom54percentin1991to41percentin2015,accordingtoCentersforDiseaseControlstatistics.uPeoplesay,'Oh,it'sbecauseteenagersaremoreresponsible,ormorelazy,ormoreboring,'butthey're__5__thelargertrend,"saidJeanTwenge,leadauthorofthestudy,whichdrewonsevenlargetime-lagsurveysofAmericans.Rather,shesaid,kidsmaybeless__6__inactivitiessuchasdating,drivingorgettingjobsbecauseintoday'ssociety,theynolongerneedto.Accordingtoanevolutionarypsychologytheorythataperson's"lifestrategy"slowsdownorspeedsupdependingonhisorher__7__,exposuretoa"harshandunpredictable"environmentleadstofasterdevelopment,whileamoreresource-richandsecureenvironmenthasthe__8__effect,thestudysaid.Inthefirst__9__,"You'dhavealotofkidsandbeinsurvivalmode,starthavingkidsyoung,expectyourkidswillhavekidsyoung,andexpectthattherewillbemore__10__andfewerresources,"saidTwenge,apsychologyprofessoratSanDiegoStateUniversitywhoistheauthorof"iGen：WhyToday'sSuper-ConnectedKidsAreGrowingUpLessRebellious,MoreTolerant,LessHappy-andCompletelyUnpreparedforAdulthood."Inthatmodelateenageboymightbethinkingmore__11__aboutmarriage,anddrivingacarandworkingforpaywouldbeimportantfor“establishingmatevaluebasedonprocurementofresources,"thestudysaid.ButAmericaisshiftingmoretowardthe__12__model,andthechangeisapparentacrossthesocioeconomicspectrum,Twengesaid.uEveninfamilieswhoseparentsdidn'thaveacollegeeducation...familiesaresmaller,andtheideathatchildrenneedtobecarefully

__13__hasreallysunkin.‘‘The__14__of41adultactivities''couldnotbeattributedtomorehomeworkorextracurricularactivities,thestudysaid,notingthatteenstodayspendfewerhoursonhomeworkandthesameamountoftimeonextracurricularsastheydidinthe1990s(withtheexceptionofcommunityservice,whichhasrisenslightly).NorcouldtheuseofsmartphonesandtheInternetbeentirelythe__15__,thereportsaid,sincethedeclinebeganbeforetheywerewidelyavailable.Ifthedelayistomakeroomforcreativeexplorationandformingbettersocialandemotionalconnections,itisagoodthing,hesaid.1．A．Therefore B．Rather C．Moreover D．Besides2．A．childhood B．neighborhood C．a(chǎn)dolescents D．a(chǎn)dulthood3．A．escapes B．ends C．decreases D．changes4．A．minorities B．majorities C．masses D．a(chǎn)mounts5．A．taking B．a(chǎn)voiding C．sending D．missing6．A．interested B．envied C．relieved D．realized7．A．emotions B．surroundings C．customs D．habits8．A．wrong B．same C．opposite D．similar9．A．event B．issue C．case D．occasion10．A．trouble B．questions C．benefits D．diseases11．A．respectively B．delicately C．seriously D．considerably12．A．slower B．better C．smaller D．faster13．A．emphasized B．related C．organized D．educated14．A．implement B．postponement C．a(chǎn)chievement D．payment15．A．cause B．impact C．fact D．result（2022·上?！つM預(yù)測(cè)）Twonewstudiesaddfurtherpiecestothejigsawpuzzlethatishumanevolution.Onereportsa(n)____16____extramemberofthegenusHomo.Theothercasts____17____onpossibleinterbreedingbetweenthreehumanspeciesintheMiddleEast.Homolongi---“Dragonman”intoEnglishfromChinese,viaLatin---isnota(n)____18____find,butareinterpretationofanexistingone.Thecranium(頭蓋)inquestionwasdugupinHarbinin1933andis____19____atHebeiGEOUniversity,inShijiazhuang.Itis146,000yearsoldandwas____20____badgedasanarchaicformofHomosapiens(智人).ButNiXijunandJiQiang,whoworkattheuniversity,disagree.AstheyreportintheInnovation,thecraniumwouldindeedhavecontainedabrainsimilarinsizetoamodernhuman’s,butthefossilistoolargetobesapiensandhasmolarsandeyesocketswhichdwarfthoseofpeopletoday.DrNiandDrJialsorealisedthatitistoolongandlowtobesapiens.Itlacksthe____21____ofamodernhumancranium.Thisisgoodnewsfor____22____oftherecent-African-origintheory,whichholdsthatmostnon-Africanhumanbeingsalivetodayaredescendantsofasmallnumberofmigrantswho____23____toAsiafromtheHornofAfricaabout60,000yearsago,meaningthatanynon-Africanhumanfossilfrombeforethatdateisprobablyofanotherspeciesdescendedfromearlier,non-sapiensdeparturesfromAfrica.Thequestionwas,whichearlierspeciesdidtheHarbinfossilrepresent?By____24____itwithknownarchaichumans,includingHomoerectus,Homofloresiensis,HomoheidelbergensisandHomoneanderthalensis,DrNiandDrJi_____25_____thatitwasnoneofthem,andmustthereforebenewtoscienceandsoworthyofitsownname.Thereis,however,oneotherpossibility-forthereisanow-extincttypeofhumanofwhichnocraniumhasyetbeen_____26_____.Homodenisova’sexistencewasestablishedbytheextractionofDNAfromafingerbone,andtracesofthatDNA,aremnantofinterspeciesbreeding，stillexistinmodernhumans,notablyinChina.SinceoneoftheHarbinfossil’smolarsperfectlymatchesthesizeandroot_____27_____ofamolarfromtheDenisovacaveinRussia,afterwhichHomodenisovaisnamed,itmaybethatDrNiandDrJihaveactuallyidentifiedthefirstDenisovancranium.Theotherstudy,publishedinSciencebyIsraelHershkovitzofTelAvivUniversity,alsospeakstothequestionofinterspecificinterbreeding.Evensupportersoftherecent-African-origintheoryrecognisethattherewas,_____28_____,anearlier“l(fā)eakage”ofHomosapiensfromnorth-eastAfricaintotheLevant.DrHershkovitzandhiscolleagueshavebeenexaminingfossilsof_____29_____antiquity—120,000-l40,000years--collectedfromNesherRamla,asiteinIsrael.These,theyfound,havesapiens-likejawbones,Neanderthal-likemolarsandcraniasimilartothoseofHomoerectus.Thissuggeststothemthattheyarethe_____30_____ofmiscegenationbetweenallthree.16．A．faint B．potential C．routine D．fake17．A．soil B．a(chǎn)ir C．water D．light18．A．secret B．novel C．relative D．reverse19．A．headed B．handled C．held D．handed20．A．originally B．independently C．unexpectedly D．inevitably21．A．laziness B．selfishness C．effectiveness D．roundness22．A．directors B．supporters C．investors D．reminders23．A．took B．left C．crossed D．toured24．A．comparing B．a(chǎn)pplying C．referring D．persisting25．A．excluded B．included C．mentioned D．concluded26．A．equipped B．identified C．perfected D．launched27．A．structure B．range C．lead D．fill28．A．bycontrast B．a(chǎn)saresult C．inreality D．inaddition29．A．opposite B．crucial C．relevant D．compulsory30．A．product B．property C．procedure D．protein（2022·江西·一模）Ifyoubrowsethroughalibrary,you'11findavarietyofbooks,fromfictiontocrimetoromance.Andifyou____31____throughacityyou'llseeavarietyofpeopleof____32____ages,bodyshapes,skincolorsandgenders.InCopenhagen,a(n)____33____library,TheHumanLibrary,offersbooksmadeoffleshandboneinsteadof____34____--individualsfromallwalksoflifeorfacedwith____35____Thebooktitlesareshortandtothepointliketransgender,formercrimina1or'immigrant.Readersmayborrowthese“books”forathirty-minute____36____Thehumanbooksarevolunteers,andvisitingreadersareencouragedtoaskthose____37____orembarrassingquestionsthey’vealwayswonderedabout.The____38____ideafirstcametoRonniAbergelwhenhewastroubledbythe____39____thatpeopletendedtodroppeopleinlittleboxeswithprejudicethrougha____40____knowledgeofthem.He____41____sittingdownandmeetingsomeofthepeopleyounormallymightfeelalittlebit____42____about,whichwillhelpyoulearntremendouslynotonlyaboutthem,butalsoabout____43____SothemainideaoftheHumanLibraryisto____44____theassumptionsandstereotypes(刻板印象)thatwe____45____tohaveaboutotherpeople.TransgendervolunteerKatyJonWentisaregularhostfortheHumanLibrarysevents,“Thebestthingtorememberisthatyoucanaskthemanything--thehuman"books'are____46____offended,whichisanincrediblyrare____47____”Today85____48____haveaHumanLibrary,fromNorwayandHungaryallthewaytoAustraliaandMongolia!Theeventisallaboutcelebratinghuman____49____It'sacelebrationforeveryone____50____race,age,gender,ornationality.31．A．drag B．cut C．break D．wander32．A．particular B．changeable C．different D．general33．A．national B．unusual C．conventional D．optional34．A．blood B．stories C．paper D．material35．A．discrimination B．choices C．hardships D．questions36．A．read B．conversation C．negotiation D．time37．A．ridiculous B．incredible C．a(chǎn)wkward D．delightful38．A．original B．universal C．sensible D．bright39．A．survey B．a(chǎn)ssumption C．evidence D．phenomenon40．A．basic B．profound C．practical D．limited41．A．recommends B．commands C．denies D．a(chǎn)ppreciates42．A．certain B．uncomfortable C．irritated D．enthusiastic43．A．herself B．himself C．yourself D．myself44．A．confirm B．challenge C．make D．disapprove45．A．opposed B．pretended C．preferred D．used46．A．a(chǎn)lways B．rarely C．sometimes D．once47．A．behavior B．a(chǎn)ctivity C．offer D．scene48．A．countries B．cities C．races D．peoples49．A．kindness B．gratitude C．tolerance D．diversity50．A．regardlessof B．onaccountof C．intermsof D．a(chǎn)wareof（2022·全國(guó)·哈師大附中一模）Youcanhearapindrop.It’salmostadilemmaamongseverallong-timerivals.CanBabepullitoff?She___51___theeighteenthhole,extendsherarmsforthedownswingand—it'saholeinone!Babe,queenofthefairway(球道),hassucceeded,andthecrowdgoes___52___.Herfansrushforward,andthere’s___53___anddamageonthegreens.There’sapitytothiswin___54___Babe,aco-founderoftheLPGA(LadiesProfessionalGolfAssociation),wasdiagnosedwithcancerattheheightofher___55___.Doctorssaidshe’dnever___56___again,buttheyshouldhaveknownnottobetagainstthis___57___woman.Afterthinkingitoverforaboutasplitsecond,she___58___shewasn’tgoingtoletalittlethinglikeaseriousillness___59___herathleticcareer.Shehadotherfishtofry.Shereacheda(n)_____60_____withherhusbandandmanagerafterundergoingsurgery.Shesworeshe’dkeepthedooropen_____61_____.Friendsbeggedhertoslowdown.Whatdidshehavetoprove?ButBabewasn’t_____62_____it.ShewontheSerbinWomen’sOpenTournament:“TheBabe’shere,who’scominginsecond?”Whenitcomestoathletics,thereisnothingsheisn’t_____63_____.Sheexcelsinbaseball,swimming,diving,tennis,andbowling.Her_____64_____arelegendaryandpracticallycountless.Mostagreeshe’sthebestwomanathletealive.Onceshewas_____65_____asthegreatestfemaleathleteofthehalf-centurybytheAssociatedPress,andshe’swonalargenumberofotherawardsandlifetimeachievementhonors.Noone_____66_____thisladywiththeincrediblegiftsand_____67_____heartofachampion.Babeisno_____68_____woman.We’dbecarelessifwedidn’tmentionthatBabeisworkingonherautobiography,dueoutnextyear.Thegirlhasdoneplentyto_____69_____theidealsofwomen’ssportsandwonthe_____70_____ofmillions.51．A．ignores B．hits C．reaches D．eyes52．A．upset B．wild C．quiet D．patient53．A．confusion B．burden C．relief D．satisfaction54．A．so B．a(chǎn)lthough C．because D．but55．A．spirit B．fame C．luck D．wealth56．A．talk B．hear C．walk D．play57．A．tough B．intelligent C．ordinary D．elegant58．A．guessed B．a(chǎn)dmitted C．figured D．explained59．A．guide B．follow C．delay D．ruin60．A．point B．conclusion C．a(chǎn)greement D．goal61．A．return B．recover C．select D．explore62．A．showing B．buying C．hearing D．refusing63．A．busywith B．concernedabout C．a(chǎn)fraidof D．goodat64．A．chances B．dreams C．talents D．problems65．A．voted B．a(chǎn)ppointed C．treated D．remembered66．A．teamsupwith B．comescloseto C．staysawayfrom D．reachesoutfor67．A．tolerant B．grateful C．kind D．enormous68．A．realistic B．a(chǎn)mbitious C．a(chǎn)verage D．outstanding69．A．a(chǎn)dvance B．reduce C．a(chǎn)ttach D．reward70．A．a(chǎn)ppeal B．a(chǎn)dmiration C．inspiration D．mercy（2022·陜西渭南·一模）IttookatriparoundtheworldforMacKinnontoreallyappreciatehowgoodherlifeis.After____71____,the36-year-oldnursedecidedthatshewantedto____72____thoseshesawsufferinginpoverty.“Aftertravelingforayear____73____developingcountries,Isawmanychildrenandadultsdidn'thave____74____andsufferedfromalotofdiseases.SoaftergettinghomeI____75____feltlikeIneededtodosomething,”saidMacKinnon,who____76____forGhanainMarchaspartofaWindsorRoselandRotaryClub-affiliatedcrewof16.MacKinnondecidedshewould____77____shoesforpeopleinAfricaandbegangettingthe____78____outamongherfamilyandfriends.Aftershecollectedtheshoes,anewproblemarose.Atfirstshethought$100wouldbeagoodtotal.Butwhenshe____79____aboutshipping,shewastolditwouldcost$2,000orso.Shecontactedanumberof_____80_____thatdoaidworkinAfrica.“Noonereallycanhelpwithshoes,”saidMacKinnon.Justthenshehada_____81_____tomeetwithapriestfromGhanawhoheardaboutMacKinnonandthefactthatshewasa(n)_____82_____educator.“Hewantedto_____83_____mejustbecausediabetesratesinGhanahaverisen.He_____84_____metogotoGhanatoprovidesome_____85_____atthesametime.Itoldhimaboutmy_____86_____andhesaidthattheywouldtaketheshoes,”saidMacKinnon.Hesaidhiscousin_____87_____ashippingbusinessandtheywouldbeabletotaketheshoes_____88_____._____89_____sheoriginallybelievedtheshoeswouldbesentinDecember,shegotaday'snoticeinOctoberthattheywouldhavetobesentinacontaineralmost_____90_____.MacKinnonsaidshehopedshecouldsetanexampleforotherstogetinvolvedinhelpingtheworld'spoor.71．A．a(chǎn)rriving B．returning C．hearing D．communicating72．A．helpout B．figureout C．pointout D．sendout73．A．through B．a(chǎn)cross C．throughout D．over74．A．food B．money C．shoes D．clothes75．A．suddenly B．rarely C．hardly D．just76．A．came B．left C．a(chǎn)sked D．sought77．A．collect B．make C．purchase D．design78．A．job B．order C．word D．event79．A．inquired B．thought C．worried D．heard80．A．countries B．children C．organizations D．a(chǎn)dults81．A．means B．chance C．reason D．decision82．A．diabetes B．psychology C．cancer D．school83．A．comfort B．introduce C．meet D．encourage84．A．consulted B．reminded C．warned D．convinced85．A．explanation B．education C．equipment D．evidence86．A．experience B．opinion C．salutation D．project87．A．manages B．promotes C．challenges D．measures88．A．inshort B．forfree C．forall D．incase89．A．When B．Since C．While D．Until90．A．immediately B．frequently C．a(chǎn)nxiously D．casually（2022·重慶·一模）Gurnah,growingupinZanzibar,anislandoffthecoastofTanzania,wasawardedtheNobelPrizeinLiteratureonThursday.HeisthefirstBlackwriter____91____theprizesinceToniMorrisonin1993,andsomeobserverssawhis____92____asalongdelayedcorrective(矯正)afteryearsofEuropeanandAmericanNobellaureates(獲得者).Inhis10novels,Gurnahhasoftenexploredthe____93____ofexile(流放)，identityandbelonging.They____94____“MemoryofDeparture”“PilgrimsWay”and“Dottie,”whichalldealwiththeimmigrant(移民)experienceinBritain.Gurnah’sfirstlanguageisSwahili,buthe____95____Englishashisliterarylanguage.HedrewontheimageryandstoriesfromtheQuran,____96____fromArabicandPersianpoetry,particularly“TheArabianNights.”ThenewsofGumah’sNobel____97____byfellownovelistsandacademicswhohavelongarguedthathis____98____deserveawideraudience.GurnahwasborninZanzibar,whichisnow____99____ofTanzania,in1948.Then,in1964,hefledtoEngland.____100____,poor,homesick,hebegantowritescraps(片段)inhisdiary,then____101____entries,thenstoriesaboutotherpeople.Inhis20s,hestarted____102____fiction.Thenhefinishedhisfirstnovel,“MemoryofDeparture,”aboutayoungmanwhofleesafaileduprising,atthesametimehewaswritinghisPh.D．dissertation(論文).____103____,hebecameaprofessorofEnglish.ThoughGurnahhasn’tlivedinTanzaniasincehewasa____104____,hishomelandalwaysinspireshimofhisimagination.____105____,hesaid“myhomelandalwaysassertsmyselfinmyimagination,evenwhenIdeliberatelytrytosetmystorieselsewhere”.91．A．toreceive B．toconfirm C．tosearch D．toappreciate92．A．section B．selection C．collection D．consultation93．A．themes B．opinions C．passages D．suggestions94．A．explode B．conclude C．provide D．include95．A．a(chǎn)dvised B．a(chǎn)dapted C．a(chǎn)dopted D．a(chǎn)ffected96．A．a(chǎn)smuchas B．a(chǎn)slongas C．a(chǎn)softenas D．a(chǎn)swellas97．A．wasawarded B．wasdiscussed C．wascelebrated D．wassuspected98．A．jobs B．works C．labors D．careers99．A．part B．name C．home D．country100．A．Admirable B．Respectable C．Fashionable D．Miserable101．A．higher B．longer C．stronger D．heavier102．A．reading B．hearing C．writing D．watching103．A．Afterwards B．Forwards C．Backwards D．Frontwards104．A．writer B．teenager C．scholar D．professor105．A．Asaresult B．Atthesametime C．Ontheotherhand D．Inhisownword（2022·廣東佛山·一模）Manypeople,whoselivesarefilledwithonefortunateeventafteranother,don’tunderstandhowtheotherhalf,the_106_halflives.LuisJ.Rodriguezinhisautobiography,AlwaysRunning,bringsthe___107___intohisworldwithin-depthdescriptionsofhis__108__.AftermovingfromMexicotoAmericaattheageoftwo,Rodriguez_109_onthestreetsofLosAngeles.Hisyouthisfilledwithdrugs,gangviolence,andracismagainstMexicans.Byhislateteens,Rodriguezhasalready_110_itall,andistryingtogetawayfromit.AsRodrigueztookmethroughhislife,Iexperiencedmany__111__:hatredashedescribesthepolice;fearduringgangwars;_112_whenhemakesadifferenceinhiscommunity.Rodriguez’sintentionoftellinghisstoryistohelpothersavoidthepainandsufferingheexperienced,andtoshowkidstheycan__113__thattypeoflife.Becausethat’snotalifeI’veeverknown,thebook

didn’thavethat_114_onme,butIwasabletounderstandhisdifficulties.Rodriguez__115__seesachancetoleaveandtriestobringhisfriendswithhim.___116___forthem,leavingthatlifeislikedesertingtheirfamily,andtheyarestill_117_togetoutofpain.Readingthisbookislikeawake-upcall:youseehow__118__others’livesareandfeelextremelyluckyforwhatyouhave.His_119_isthatit’salwayspossibletoextricate(解救)yourself.WhenRodriguezis16,herealizesgangwars,racism,andhatredmuststop.Iftheworldwereableto_120_this,futuregenerationswouldn’thavetolivethatkindoflife.106．A．unlucky B．brave C．homeless D．poor107．A．runner B．reader C．victim D．friend108．A．youth B．country C．family D．change109．A．runsbusiness B．goesshopping C．looksaround D．growsup110．A．done B．defeated C．experienced D．described111．A．struggles B．pains C．emotions D．wonders112．A．pride B．gratitude C．disbelief D．uncertainty113．A．treasure B．rebuild C．sacrifice D．escape114．A．value B．effect C．stress D．control115．A．instantly B．probably C．eventually D．effortlessly116．A．Uninterestingly B．Unfortunately C．Amazingly D．Naturally117．A．likely B．ready C．unwilling D．unable118．A．different B．meaningless C．plain D．a(chǎn)dventurous119．A．promise B．a(chǎn)chievement C．message D．story120．A．study B．recognize C．predict D．reserve參考答案：1．B2．D3．C4．B5．D6．A7．B8．C9．C10．D11．C12．A13．D14．B15．A【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了為什么在美國(guó)現(xiàn)在越來(lái)越少的青少年推遲那些長(zhǎng)期被視為成人儀式的活動(dòng)，主要的原因還是在于生活模式的不同。1．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：相反，他們堅(jiān)持做G級(jí)活動(dòng)，如攀巖或談?wù)摃?。A.Therefore因此；B.Rather相反；C.Moreover而且；D.Besides另外。此處參加G級(jí)活動(dòng)“攀巖或談?wù)摃迸c前文“theydon'tdrinkbeerorcruisearoundincarswiththeirdates（他們不會(huì)喝啤酒，也不會(huì)和約會(huì)對(duì)象開著車到處兜風(fēng)）”前后轉(zhuǎn)折。故選B項(xiàng)。2．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：一項(xiàng)新的研究顯示，青少年越來(lái)越推遲那些長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)被視為成年儀式的活動(dòng)。A.childhood童年；B.neighborhood鄰居；C.adolescents青少年；D.adulthood成年。根據(jù)下文“The

___14___of“adultactivities””可知，此處為“成年儀式的活動(dòng)”。故選D項(xiàng)。3．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：周二發(fā)表在《兒童發(fā)展》雜志上的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，自1976年以來(lái)，美國(guó)青少年中有駕照、試過(guò)酒、約會(huì)和打工的比例急劇下降，在過(guò)去十年中降幅最大。A.escapes逃跑；B.ends結(jié)束；C.decreases減少；下降；D.changes變化。根據(jù)下文“Thedeclinesappeared”可知，此處為“比例下降”。故選C項(xiàng)。4．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：可以肯定的是，超過(guò)一半的青少年仍在從事這些活動(dòng)，但大多數(shù)人已大幅減少。A.minorities少數(shù)；B.majorities多數(shù)；C.masses大量；D.amounts金額。根據(jù)空前“Tobesure,morethanhalfofteensstillengageintheseactivities（可以肯定的是，超過(guò)一半的青少年仍然從事這些活動(dòng)）”，在結(jié)合“but”可知，前后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，可以推斷，此處應(yīng)指“大多數(shù)”已經(jīng)大幅減少了。故選B項(xiàng)。5．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：人們說(shuō)，“哦，這是因?yàn)榍嗌倌旮?fù)責(zé)任、更懶惰、更無(wú)聊”，但是他們沒有看到這個(gè)更大的趨勢(shì)。A.taking采用；B.avoiding避免；C.sending發(fā)送；D.missing錯(cuò)過(guò)。根據(jù)后文指明更大趨勢(shì)是“becauseintoday'ssociety,theynolongerneedto（因?yàn)樵诮裉斓纳鐣?huì)，他們不再需要這樣做了）”可知，此空前后都是分析原因，故此處為人們“忽略”了更大趨勢(shì)。故選D項(xiàng)。6．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：相反，她說(shuō)，孩子們可能對(duì)約會(huì)、開車或找工作等活動(dòng)不太感興趣，因?yàn)樵诋?dāng)今社會(huì)，他們不再需要這樣做。A.interested感興趣的；B.envied羨慕的；C.relieved解除；D.realized實(shí)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)前文“thepercentageofadolescentsintheU.S.whohaveadriver'slicense,whohavetriedalcohol,whodate,andwhoworkforpayhasplummetedsince1976,withthemostprecipitousdecreasesinthepastdecade.（自1976年以來(lái)，美國(guó)青少年中有駕照、試過(guò)酒、約會(huì)和打工的比例直線下降，在過(guò)去十年中降幅最大。）”可以推斷，此處應(yīng)為“青少年可能對(duì)約會(huì)、開車或找工作等活動(dòng)不太感興趣”，且“beinterestedin”意為“對(duì)……感興趣”，是固定搭配。故選A項(xiàng)。7．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：根據(jù)進(jìn)化心理學(xué)理論研究稱，一個(gè)人的“生活策略”會(huì)根據(jù)他或她的環(huán)境放慢或加快，暴露在“惡劣和不可預(yù)測(cè)的”環(huán)境中會(huì)導(dǎo)致更快的發(fā)展，而資源更豐富和安全的環(huán)境則會(huì)產(chǎn)生相反的效果。A.emotions情緒；B.surroundings周圍環(huán)境；C.customs風(fēng)俗；D.habits習(xí)慣。根據(jù)后文“exposuretoa"harshandunpredictable"environmentleadstofasterdevelopment（暴露在“嚴(yán)酷和不可預(yù)測(cè)的”環(huán)境中會(huì)導(dǎo)致更快的發(fā)展）”可以推斷，此處為“一個(gè)人的“生活策略”會(huì)根據(jù)他或她的環(huán)境放慢或加快”。故選B項(xiàng)。8．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：根據(jù)進(jìn)化心理學(xué)理論研究稱，一個(gè)人的“生活策略”會(huì)根據(jù)他或她的環(huán)境放慢或加快，暴露在“惡劣和不可預(yù)測(cè)的”環(huán)境中會(huì)導(dǎo)致更快的發(fā)展，而資源更豐富和安全的環(huán)境則會(huì)產(chǎn)生相反的效果。A.wrong錯(cuò)誤的；B.same相同的；C.opposite對(duì)面的；D.similar類似的。前文“a"harshandunpredictable"environment（“嚴(yán)酷和不可預(yù)測(cè)的”環(huán)境）”與“amoreresource-richandsecureenvironment（資源更豐富和安全的環(huán)境）”形成對(duì)比，可以推斷，此處為“產(chǎn)生相反的效果”。故選C項(xiàng)。9．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在第一種情況下，你會(huì)有很多孩子，處于生存模式中。A.event事件；B.issue發(fā)行；C.

case案例，情況；D.occasion場(chǎng)合。根據(jù)后文“fewerresources（更少的資源）”可知，此句是對(duì)第一種情況“惡劣和不可預(yù)測(cè)的環(huán)境”的舉例，故此處應(yīng)指“第一種情況”。故選C項(xiàng)。10．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：會(huì)有更多的疾病和更少的資源。A.trouble麻煩；B.questions問(wèn)題；C.benefits好處；D.diseases疾病。此處是對(duì)第一種情況“惡劣和不可預(yù)測(cè)的環(huán)境發(fā)展”的舉例，應(yīng)與“fewerresources（更少的資源）”并列，突出環(huán)境的惡劣和不可預(yù)測(cè)，可以推斷，此處為“更多的疾病”。故選D項(xiàng)。11．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：在這種模式下，十幾歲的男孩可能會(huì)更認(rèn)真地考慮結(jié)婚問(wèn)題，研究稱，開車和打工對(duì)于“在獲取資源的基礎(chǔ)上建立配偶價(jià)值”很重要。A.respectively分別；B.delicately精致地；C.seriously認(rèn)真地；D.considerably相當(dāng)大。根據(jù)前文“exposuretoa"harshandunpredictable"environmentleadstofasterdevelopment（暴露在“嚴(yán)酷和不可預(yù)測(cè)的”環(huán)境中會(huì)導(dǎo)致更快的發(fā)展）”，且此處為在惡劣和不可預(yù)測(cè)環(huán)境的情況，可以推斷，此處應(yīng)為“更認(rèn)真地考慮結(jié)婚問(wèn)題”。故選C項(xiàng)。12．考查形容詞比較級(jí)詞義辨析。句意：特溫格說(shuō)，但美國(guó)正在更多地轉(zhuǎn)向較慢的經(jīng)濟(jì)模式，而且這種變化在各個(gè)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)階層都很明顯。A.slower慢一點(diǎn)；B.better更好；C.smaller較小；D.faster更快。上文是發(fā)展快的例子，結(jié)合空前“ButAmericaisshiftingmoretoward”可知，美國(guó)人開始轉(zhuǎn)變了，前后轉(zhuǎn)折，與上文“發(fā)展快”是相反的情況，可以推斷，此處為“美國(guó)正在更多地轉(zhuǎn)向較慢的經(jīng)濟(jì)模式”。故選A項(xiàng)。13．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：家庭變小了，孩子需要被仔細(xì)教育的觀念已經(jīng)深入人心。A.emphasized強(qiáng)調(diào)；B.related相關(guān)；C.organized組織；D.educated教育。根據(jù)前文“Eveninfamilieswhoseparentsdidn'thaveacollegeeducation（即使是在父母沒有接受過(guò)大學(xué)教育的家庭）”可以推斷，此處應(yīng)表示“即使在父母沒有接受過(guò)大學(xué)教育的家庭里，仍然重視教育”。故選D項(xiàng)。14．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“成人活動(dòng)”的推遲不能歸因于更多的作業(yè)或課外活動(dòng)。A.implement實(shí)施；B.postponement延期；C.achievement成就；D.payment付款。根據(jù)前文“teenagersareincreasinglydelayingactivitiesthathadlongbeenseenasritesofpassageintoadulthood.（青少年越來(lái)越推遲那些長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)被視為成年儀式的活動(dòng)。）”可以推斷，此處為“成人活動(dòng)的推遲”。故選B項(xiàng)。15．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：報(bào)告稱，智能手機(jī)和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的使用也不完全是原因，因?yàn)橹悄苁謾C(jī)和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的使用在普及之前就已經(jīng)開始減少了。A.cause原因；B.impact影響；C.fact事實(shí)；D.result結(jié)果。根據(jù)前文“couldnotbeattributedto”可知，此處講的是“成人活動(dòng)推遲的原因”。故選A項(xiàng)。【點(diǎn)睛】完形填空的解題技巧之一就是要根據(jù)上下文來(lái)學(xué)會(huì)“推理”出最佳選項(xiàng)。同學(xué)們要遵循“上下求索”的原則來(lái)查找信息。例如，第7小題，根據(jù)后文“exposuretoa"harshandunpredictable"environmentleadstofasterdevelopment（暴露在“嚴(yán)酷和不可預(yù)測(cè)的”環(huán)境中會(huì)導(dǎo)致更快的發(fā)展）”可以推斷，此處為“一個(gè)人的“生活策略”會(huì)根據(jù)他或她的環(huán)境放慢或加快”。故選B項(xiàng)。16．B17．D18．B19．C20．A21．D22．B23．C24．A25．D26．B27．A28．D29．C30．A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述兩項(xiàng)新的研究為人類進(jìn)化這個(gè)謎團(tuán)增加了更深入的信息。16．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：一項(xiàng)研究報(bào)道了一個(gè)可能的人屬額外成員。A.faint虛弱無(wú)力的；B.potential可能的；C.routine日常的；D.fake假的。根據(jù)上文“Twonewstudiesaddfurtherpiecestothejigsawpuzzlethatishumanevolution.”可知，這兩項(xiàng)研究對(duì)人類進(jìn)化有了進(jìn)一步的了解，所以應(yīng)該是發(fā)現(xiàn)了可能的人屬成員。故選B。17．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：另一個(gè)則闡明了中東地區(qū)三個(gè)人種雜交的可能性。A.soil土壤；B.air空氣；C.water水；D.light光。根據(jù)下文“possibleinterbreedingbetweenthreehumanspeciesintheMiddleEast”可知，這一項(xiàng)研究是發(fā)現(xiàn)了中東地區(qū)三個(gè)人種雜交的可能性。castlighton表示“照亮，闡明，揭露”的意思。故選D。18．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：人屬隆吉——通過(guò)拉丁語(yǔ)，從漢語(yǔ)進(jìn)入英語(yǔ)的“龍人”——不是一個(gè)新奇的發(fā)現(xiàn)，而是一個(gè)對(duì)已經(jīng)存在的重新解讀。A.secret秘密的；B.novel新奇的；C.relative有關(guān)的；D.reverse倒轉(zhuǎn)的。根據(jù)下文“anexistingone”可知，這是已經(jīng)存在的，不是新奇的。故選B。19．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這個(gè)頭蓋骨于1933年在哈爾濱被挖掘出來(lái)，并保存在石家莊的河北地質(zhì)大學(xué)。A.headed朝……去；B.handled解決；C.held握住，擁有；D.handed遞送。根據(jù)上文“Thecranium（頭蓋）inquestionwasdugupinHarbinin1933”可知，這個(gè)頭蓋骨于1933年在哈爾濱被挖掘出來(lái)之后，接下來(lái)要被保存下來(lái)。故選C。20．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：它14萬(wàn)6千歲了，并且最初被認(rèn)為是古代智人的標(biāo)志。A.originally最初；B.independently獨(dú)立地；C.unexpectedly意料之外地；D.inevitably不可避免地。根據(jù)下文“ButNiXijunandJiQiang,whoworkattheuniversity,disagree.AstheyreportintheInnovation,thecraniumwouldindeedhavecontainedabrainsimilarinsizetoamodernhuman’s,butthefossilistoolargetobesapiensandhasmolarsandeyesocketswhichdwarfthoseofpeopletoday”可知，后來(lái)有人對(duì)它質(zhì)疑，所以只是在最初的時(shí)候被人們認(rèn)為是智人的標(biāo)志。故選A。21．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：它缺少現(xiàn)代人類頭蓋骨的圓潤(rùn)。A.laziness懶惰；B.selfishness自私；C.effectiveness有效；D.roundness圓潤(rùn)。根據(jù)上文“DrNiandDrJialsorealisedthatitistoolongandlowtobesapiens.”可知，倪博士和紀(jì)博士說(shuō)它太長(zhǎng)太低，所以是不圓潤(rùn)。故選D。22．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這對(duì)近代非洲起源理論的支持者們來(lái)說(shuō)是個(gè)好消息，這條理論認(rèn)為，當(dāng)今活著的大部分非非洲人類都是少量移民的后裔，那些移民是大約6萬(wàn)年前從非洲好望角進(jìn)入亞洲的，這意味著在此之前的任何非非洲人類化石，很可能是另一個(gè)更早的離開了非洲的非智人的物種后裔。A.directors董事；B.supporters支持者；C.investors投資者；D.reminders提醒。根據(jù)下文“whichholdsthatmostnon-Africanhumanbeingsalivetodayaredescendantsofasmallnumberofmigrantswho8toAsiafromtheHornofAfricaabout60,000yearsago,”可知，這些人是近代非洲起源理論的支持者們。故選B。23．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：見第7題詳解。A.took帶走；B.left離開；C.crossed橫跨；D.toured旅行。根據(jù)下文“toAsiafromtheHornofAfrica”可知，這些人從非洲好望角到亞洲，是橫跨非亞大陸。故選C。24．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：通過(guò)把它和已知的古人類，包括直立人、佛羅勒斯人、海德堡人和尼安德特人等相比，倪博士和紀(jì)博士總結(jié)出，它不是他們中的任何一種，并且因此，一定是新的科學(xué)，所以值得它自己的名字。A.comparing比較；B.applying申請(qǐng)；C.referring提到；D.persisting堅(jiān)持。根據(jù)下文“itwithknownarchaichumans,includingHomoerectus,Homofloresiensis,HomoheidelbergensisandHomoneanderthalensis”可知，是把這個(gè)頭骨和已知的古人類相比較。故選A。25．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：見第9題詳解。A.excluded排除；B.included包括；C.mentioned提到；D.concluded總結(jié)。根據(jù)下文“thatitwasnoneofthem,andmustthereforebenewtoscienceandsoworthyofitsownname.”可知，這是倪博士和紀(jì)博士在做了對(duì)比之后得出的結(jié)論。故選D。26．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然而