西方文化導(dǎo)論教學(xué)提綱

Jewish

History

Jewish

culture

is

known

for

its

contributireligion

AND

their

persecution迫害

throughout自始至終historyStar

of

DavidHexagram六線型(two

equilateral

trianglestribe部落o邊三角形)One

triangle

represents

theJudahThe

other

the

foribe

oDalet

and

Yud

There

are

12

Vaor

patriarctters

assigned

to”

representing

the

12

triof

IsraelWestern

Wall

/

“Wailing

Wall”

The

city

served

as

the

capital

of

the

united

kingdomIsrael以色列.It

was

in

Jerusalem

where

most

of

thegreat

prophets先知were

writing,

articulating口才

spiritual

and

ethical道德原則principles

that

woultranscend勝過(guò)the

city‘s

narrow

confines

to局限于

become

pillars柱子of

the

Jewish

spirit.

In

586

BCEJerusalem

was

invaded

by

the

Babylonians.

At

the

ordof

Nebuchadnezzar

Jerusalem

was

torched火把,theJerusalem

Temple

was

destroyed,

and

the

people

weretaken

into

exile充軍.

Ever

since

the

Jerusalem

western

wall

is

the

most

sa神圣的place

of

Judaism

and

the

holiest最圣潔placeall

Jews

both

in

Israel

and

worldwideFormation形成of

the

Jewish

NationDescendants后代of

AbrahamEmigrated

from

Mesopotamia16th

c.

BC

settled

in

North

Egypt entered

Caanan

in

the

12th

c.BC–

After

many

wars

w/

local

tribes

theysettled

on

both

sides

of

the

river

Formed

a

unified統(tǒng)一的nationby

uniting使聯(lián)合、合并tribesthat

were

fighting

Philistines(Palestinians巴勒斯坦人)Formation

of

the

Jewish

Nation…Saul

(1040

BC

-

1012

BC)

first

kingKing

David

(1012

BC

-

972

BC)Solomon

(972

BC

–

932

BC)***Raised

taxes

&

enforced

laborImperial

palaces皇城TemplesMade

Jerusalem

the

national

capitalThe

Division

&

Fall

of墮落Israel

After

Solomon’s

death

the

country

began

toseparate

into

2

parts1.

Israel2.Judah猶大

722

BC

Assyrian

King

sacked洗劫Jerusalem,

andtook

27,000

Israeli’sCountry

Ruined

568

BC

Nebuchadnezzar

II,

king

of

Babylonia

tooover接管、接收J(rèn)udah“The

Babylonian

Captivity”巴比倫囚虐The

Suffering

&

Departure

of

the

JewsReconstruction重建of

Jerusalem583

BC,

Persian

King,

Cyrus

the

Great

defeatedBabylonia

Allowed

Jews

to

rebuild

Jerusalem

underAUTONOMOUS自治的administration行政Everything

Rebuilt!The

Suffering

&

Departure

of

the

Jews…Jewish

DIASPORA離散的猶太人333

BC

Alexander

the

Great亞歷山大大帝

(Macedonian

King)

tried

to

Hellenize使希臘化tJewish

people

Jews

emigrated

to移居Alexandria

and

other

citiesalong

the

Mediterranean地中海–Minority

and

their

attempt

to

preserve保護(hù)the

cultureJerusalem/Palestine

ruled

by

Ptolemy

until

63Rebellion叛亂on

60

BCSlaughtered屠殺(1

million)SlavesMinority

escapedCollection

&

Reestablishment

ofJewish

Culture

RABBI’s

preserved

the

culture

by

readingJudaist

scriptures經(jīng)文Jewish

scholar

or

teacherTalmud猶太法典=the

title

of

a

collection

ofJewish

documentsDespite

common

faith

–

remained

dividedSadduceesPhariseesEsseneQumranJewish

Exile流放、充軍as

anInternational

Issue3rd

c.

AD

–

moved

to

Babylonia10th

c.

AD

–

moved

to

Spain–

Engaged

in

trade,

$1215

Catholic

Church

forbid

them

to

own

lan1290

expelled被驅(qū)逐from

England1394

expelled

from

France1492

expelled

from

Spain1497

expelled

from

PortugalJewish

exile…

Germany

&

Italy

confined限制Jews

to

JewisghettosNew

language

evolved進(jìn)化,YIDDISH

20th

c.

6

million

Jews

were

murdered

by

Hitlduring

WWII13

million

survived5

million

Europe3

million

IsraelThe

rest

scattered分散的to

various

places

May

14,

1948

the

United

Nationsdeclared

the

founding

of

a

Jewishnation–Historical

conflict

did

not

endDoctrines教義of

JudaismBibleJudaist猶太信徒Bible

was

adopted

byChristianityOld

Testament:

compiled編輯before

the

birth

oChistianityNew

Testament:

complied

after

the

birth

ofChristianityTen

Commandments十誡:Said

to

have

come

from

Moses:You

shall

have

no

other

God;You

shall

not

speak

the

name

of

the

Lord

inlightly;Remember

the

Lords’Day

so

as

to

keep

itholy.For

six

days

you

shall

do

work

and

do

aour

labor,but

the

seventh

day

is

consecrat奉獻(xiàn)to

God;Honor

your

father

and

your

mother;Ten

Commandments…You

shall

not

kill;You

shall

not

commit

impurity雜質(zhì)、不純潔You

shall

not

steal;You

shall

not

lie;You

shall

have

no

other

impure

desires欲You

shall

not

covet垂涎what

belongs

toyour

neighbor.Jewish

FestivalsThe

Sabbath安息日RoshhashanahSukkothChanukah

or

Hanukah光明節(jié)PuriumPesach

(Pesah)

or

PassoverShavuot/Shabuoth/ShabuotYom

Kippur贖罪日J(rèn)ewish

Festival

Presentations:

Why

is

the

holiday

important

the

Jewishreligion?What

do

they

do

to

celebrate

it?Rituals典禮,ceremonies?Restricted限制飲食diets?Article

from

TIME

magazineRosh

Hashana猶太教的新年In

Uman,Ukraine烏克蘭TraditionEach

year,thousands

of

Hasidic

Jews

make

their

way

to

Uman,Ukraine

to

celebratestart

of

the

Jewish

new

year

during

the

holiday

of

Rosh

Hashana.Jews

all

over

thecelebrate

the

holiday,but

the“Breslover

Hasidim”make

the

pilgrimage朝圣之行important

reason:Uman

is

the

resting

place

of

Rebbe

Nachman

of

Breslov,the

founthe

sect.During

his

lifetime,he

would

offer

prayer

services,torah

lessons

andholiday,and

the

tradition

continues

long

after

his

death

in

1843.In

this

image,pray

as

they

walk

through

the

city

of

Uman

on

September

9,2010.RiteUman

is

located

about

120

miles

south

of

Kiev.While

Rebbe

Nachman

of

Breslov

livhis

namesake

town,the

observance慣例is

held

in

Uman,because

it

was

in

that

citone

of

his

followers,Reb

Noson,arranged

the

first

Rosh

Hashana

pilgrimage

in

1During

the

Rebbe‘s

lifetime,hundreds

of

Hasidic

Jews

traveled

from

within

Ukrwell

as

Belarus,Lithuania

and

Poland

to

attend,and

the

ceremony

quickly

outgrUman’s

resources.In

1834,Noson

bought

property

and

applied

for

a

governmentpermit

to

construct

a

synagogue

for

the

Breslover

followers,and

it

housed

the

guntil

the

1930s.In

this

picture,a

Hasidic

jew

prepares

for

the

2010

Rosh

Hashanworshipping

in

Uman

by

having

his

head

shaved,leaving

the

religiously

significareas,called

peyos,intact完整的.Sacred神的TextA

Hasidic

man

carries

the

Torah

near

the

tomb

of

Rabbi

Nachman

of

Breslov,

Septemb

2010.

For

the

Breslover

Hasidic

Jews,

the

Rosh

Hashana

services

often

involves

lo

dancing

and

outbursts

of

religious

praise.Read

more:/time/photogallery/0,29307,2095346,00.html#ixzz1ZLDwGk0ReadingRebbe

Nachman

offered

special

Torah

lessons

on

Rosh

Hashana

during

his

lifetime,been

quoted引證on

the

importance

of

the

holiday,saying,"Rosh

Hashana

is

my

wholmission."He

considered

the

new

year

an

important

time

for

religious

renewal,andencouraged

his

followers

to

do

the

same.In

this

photo,the

members

of

the

sect

reathe

Torah

in

Uman,September

9,2011.