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Unit4

NATURALDISASTERS

WordsandExpressions

Natural

disasterstornadodroughtlandslidetsunamifloodVolcaniceruptiontyphoonhurricaneevacuatehelicoptercrackshelterinruinsbrickspipeelectricityvolcanometal?

[U]損害;損壞;損失

Hewashitbyacarandsufferedseriousbraindamage.

do/causedamageto

[C][復(fù)數(shù)]

損害賠償金:Hewasorderedtopaydamagesof$30,000.damagen

■損害;損壞:(名詞動(dòng)化)Don’tdamageyourhealthforagoodfigure.側(cè)重“損”,可修復(fù)damagevtdestroyvt

消滅;殺死:Thedogattackedachildandhadtobedestroyed.側(cè)重“毀”,無(wú)法修復(fù)destroy=de-(down)+struere(build)

破壞一棟建筑的結(jié)構(gòu)意味著毀掉這棟建筑

影響toinfluencesb/sth:(基本義)Withthegovernment’said,those(whowere)affectedbytheearthquakehavemovedtothenewsettlements.2009上海改affectvt

[常用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)]

使感動(dòng);打動(dòng):Shewasdeeplyaffectedbythestory.=bemovedby

使感染(疾病)Diseasesaffectalmosteveryoneatsometimeduringtheirlives.詞語(yǔ)辨析affect/effect

affect(動(dòng)詞)=tohaveaninfluenceonsb/sth;影響某人/某事:Docellphonesaffectchildren’sbehaviour?

effect(名詞)=result,influence;作用;影響:

Docellphoneshaveaneffectonchildren’sbehaviour?4.affect/??fekt/vt.

影響;(疾?。┣忠u;(感情上)深深打動(dòng)【聯(lián)想詞】【常用搭配】_________n.喜愛(ài);感情

_________n.作用;影響affectioneffectbegreatly/deeplyaffectedby被......深深打動(dòng);深受影響判斷下面句子中affect的含義1)Mostpeoplepresentatthemeetingwereaffectedbyhisspeechyesterday._______2)Itisimportanttopayyourelectricitybillontime,aslatepaymentmayaffectyourcredit._________3)MillionsofpeopleintheworldhavebeenaffectedbyCOVID-19.________打動(dòng)影響感染4.affect/??fekt/vt.

影響;(疾?。┣忠u;(感情上)深深打動(dòng)【即學(xué)即練】Deeply_________(affect)bythestoryofthegirlwhoseeyesight____________(affect)bythedisease,allthestudentsmovedintotears..affectedwasaffected5.shelter/??elt?(r)/n.避難處;居所vt.保護(hù);掩蔽vi.躲避(風(fēng)雨或危險(xiǎn))【用法】①n.遮蔽物,庇護(hù)處,收容所,居所undertheshelterof在……的庇護(hù)下take/findshelterfrom躲避...②vt.保護(hù),掩蔽vi.躲避(風(fēng)雨或危險(xiǎn))sheltersb./sth.(from...)保護(hù)/庇護(hù)某人/某物(免受...)shelterfrom....躲避...5.shelter/??elt?(r)/n.避難處;居所vt.保護(hù);掩蔽vi.躲避(風(fēng)雨或危險(xiǎn))1)It’ssohot,andwe’dbetterfindatreetotakeshelter_________thesun.2)Someparentsarejusttooprotective.Theywantto__________________________(保護(hù)他們的孩子免受)everykindofdanger,realorimagined..【即學(xué)即練】fromsheltertheirchildrenfrom6.asif/?z?f/=asthough似乎;好像;仿佛【用法】與過(guò)去相反使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)與將來(lái)相反would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形與現(xiàn)在相反使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)(be--were)“被雨水毀了的頭發(fā)”,用哪個(gè)詞呢?Therainruinedmyhair.頭發(fā)還在,只是“美好的發(fā)型”被毀了?!?/p>

ruin:tohaveabadeffectonsomethingsothatitisnolongerattractive,enjoyable,usefuletc.糟蹋Thewholeparkisspoiledbylitter.Idon’twanttospoilyourfun.2(完全地)毀壞

Don’tletasmalldisagreementruinyourfriendship.3使破產(chǎn)

Ifshelosesthecourtcaseitwillruinher.n?

[U]毀滅;破產(chǎn):theruinofcivilizationfinancialruin

[C]廢墟;遺跡;殘余:theruinsofRomeruinvtinruins成廢墟;嚴(yán)重受損:Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecitylayinruins.下面這些音譯詞你都知道嗎?guitar吉他Cola可樂(lè)

chocolate

巧克力party

派對(duì)

salad

沙拉

shark鯊魚(yú)

ballet芭蕾舞

marathon

馬拉松

cool酷的

有些英語(yǔ)詞匯,漢語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有與之對(duì)應(yīng)的詞,翻譯時(shí)會(huì)借用中文諧音來(lái)翻譯,這一類(lèi)詞被稱(chēng)之為“音譯詞”。音譯詞的翻譯不僅表意精確,同時(shí)也準(zhǔn)確地還原了英文的發(fā)音。shock也被翻譯成了“休克”。shockshock

n

[C]&[U](爆炸、地震等引起的)劇烈震動(dòng);沖擊:theshockwaveTheshockoftheearthquakewasfeltmilesaway.

[C]

電擊;觸電(electricshock):Don’ttouchthatwireoryou’llgetashock.

[U]&[C][常用單數(shù)](精神上的)

震驚;打擊;令人震驚的事Momhasn’tgottenovertheshockofDad’sdeath.It

cameasashock

tohearthatthefactorywouldhavetoclose.

[U]休克:Shewastakentohospitalsufferingfromshock.shockvt(名詞動(dòng)化)使震驚;使氣憤tomakesbfeelvery

surprised

andupset:Thenewsoftheschoolshootingshockedtheworld.cultureshock文化沖擊詞匯拓展?shockedadj震驚的;憤慨的ashockedlook/expression

Theyweredeeplyshockedat/byherbehaviour.?shockingadj令人震驚的;令人憎惡的

shockingnews【常用搭配】trap/tr?p/vt.(trapped;trapped)n./C/險(xiǎn)境;陷阱

vt.使落入險(xiǎn)境;使陷入圈套驚set/lay/placeatrapfallinto/getoutofatrapbetrappedin...=becaughtin...=bestuckin...被困在...trapsb.intodoingsth.誘使某人做某事1)Ididn’tgettoschoolontimebecauseI__________________(被困在)theheavyrain.2)ThemantrappedTom________tellingthetruth.3)Aftertheearthquake,manypeople_________________(trap)intheruins.Fortunately,thesoldierssooncametotheirrescue.【即學(xué)即練】wastrappedinintoweretrapped【常用搭配】bury/?beri/vt.

埋葬;安葬【拓展延伸】bury...in...把......埋到......里buryone’sfaceinone’shands雙手掩面beburiedin....=buryoneselfin.....專(zhuān)心致志于“專(zhuān)心于,致力于”的多種表達(dá):belostin=beabsorbedin=devote/applyoneselfto=bedevotedto=concentrateon=focuson【即學(xué)即練】bury/?beri/vt.

埋葬;安葬buryingthemselvesinburiedburiedhisfaceinhishandsburiedhimselfinthebookBuryinghimselfinthebookBuriedinthebookeffort

[U]&[C]thephysicalormentalactivityneededtoachievesomething

氣力,精力,努力Sheputshertimeandeffortintoherbusinesses,andintohelpingothers.Visitthemuseumwhenyou’rethere.It’swellworththeeffort.With(an)effortshemanagedtostopherselflaughing.Greghasgoneonadietinanefforttolosesomeweight.What’sthepointofhelpinghimifhedoesn’tmakeanefforttohelphimself?Let’sstartrightnowandsparenoefforttoprotectocean.littlebiteveryminute!14.suffer/s?f?/vt.遭受;蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲傷等)受苦【聯(lián)想詞】__________n.苦難;痛苦

_________

n.患病者;受苦者sufferingsufferersufferfromsth受…疾病的折磨sufferpain/defeat/loss/hardship遭受痛苦/失敗/損失/苦難【常用搭配】【即學(xué)即練】14.suffer/s?f?/vt.遭受;蒙受

vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲傷等)受苦1)She_______________(suffer)severedepressionafterlosingherjob.2)Hewastedhisyouth,andnowheis_______________(suffer)it.3)He________(suffer)amassiveheartattack.4)Thisexperiencecausedhimmuchmental_________(suffer).sufferedfromsufferingforsufferingsufferedcalmadj.

tostopfeelingupset,angryorexcited側(cè)重notnervous,“不緊張”17.wave[we?v]n.海浪;波浪vi.&vt.揮手;招手n.巨浪

hugewave(s)向某人揮手告別

wavedsb.goodbye/wavedgoodbyetosb.

一波……;一陣……

Awaveofsth.

一陣恐懼

Awaveoffear練:The

thatwerecrashingontherockssweptawayeverythingonthem.撞擊巖石的海浪把上面的一切都卷走了。waveswavedgoodbyetomymotherI

,withtearswellingupinmyeyes.我熱淚盈眶,向媽媽揮手告別。趁熱打鐵strikewhiletheironishot

strike

vt

[正式用語(yǔ)]打;撞擊:Theshipstruckarock.Theboyfell,strikinghisheadontheedgeofthetable.

vi&vt

(時(shí)鐘等)敲響;報(bào)(時(shí)):Thechurchclockbegantostriketwelve.

vi&vt(不幸等)突然降臨;突然襲擊:Lastmonth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloods.Shewaspracticingsurfingwhenasharkstruck.2011廣東改Hestruckamatchandlitanothercigar.strike

(struck,struck/stricken)v

vt

[不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)](使)突然想到/意識(shí)到Thesolutionstruckmeimmediately.itstrikessb+that從句:Itstruckmethatwemighthavemadethewrongdecision.

vt

給……以某種印象Wewerestruckbyherkindness.strikesbas(being)…:Hestrikesmeas(being)averyseriousperson.

vi

罷工:Thebusdriverswerestrikingformoremoney.strikeabalance兩者兼顧;達(dá)到平衡:■n[C]&[U]罷工:Hefounditdifficulttostrikeabalancebetweenhisfamilyandhiswork.strikeadeal達(dá)成協(xié)議strikefear/terrorintosb’sheart使某人感到害怕/恐懼Theworkerswillgoonstrikeifthedemandstheyputforwardareturneddown.?stricken

adj

[正式用語(yǔ)]

受災(zāi)的;患病的;受苦的:earthquake-strickenareas拓展?

striker

n

[C]罷工者;(足球的)前鋒;(棒球的)擊球手?striking

adj驚人的;顯著的;引人注目的

【聯(lián)想詞】20.deliver/d??l?v?(r)/vi.&vt.

傳遞;傳達(dá)vt.發(fā)表__________n.

遞送;分娩deliverydeliversth.to...把某物投遞/傳送/運(yùn)送到......deliveramessage傳話deliverababy(接)生

deliveralecture/speech發(fā)表演講【常用搭配】【即學(xué)即練】20.deliver/d??l?v?(r)/vi.&vt.

傳遞;傳達(dá)vt.發(fā)表deliveraspeechdelivereddeliverydeliverydeliver【聯(lián)想詞】22.effect/??fekt/n.影響;結(jié)果;效果【常用搭配】__________adj.有效的,實(shí)際的

_________

adv.有效地,實(shí)際上effectiveeffectively22.effect/??fekt/n.影響;結(jié)果;效果【即學(xué)即練】1)ThenumberofforeignerslearningChinesehasbeengrowinginrecentyears,indicatingthatChinahasagreatereffect_______theworld.2)就我而言,每天熬夜一定會(huì)對(duì)你的健康造成很大的影響。→AsfarasI’mconcerned,stayinguplateeverydayiscertainto_____________________greatly.(affect)→Inmyview,stayinguplateeverydayiscertainto______________________________________.(effect)onhaveagreateffectonyourhealthaffectyourhealth謝謝觀賞隨堂檢測(cè)一、從方框中選擇合適的單詞填空。ruindamagedestroydamageddestroyedruinedruineddestroyeddestroyeddamage,destroy,ruin1.Thebadweather__________________(毀了我們的旅行).2.Toomuchpackagingis______________________________(對(duì)……造成嚴(yán)重?fù)p壞)theenvironment.(2010山東)

3.Anumberofpaintingsinthiscastlearebelievedto___________________(被毀掉)inafirein2009.(2011湖北完成句子)二、根據(jù)所給漢語(yǔ)提示完成下列句子。

doing/causingseriousdamageto

havebeendestroyed

ruinedourtrip一、根據(jù)句意選出affect的最佳釋義。__________1.Welchexaminedasickboy,Billy,andknewhehaddiphtheria,adeadlydiseasemainlyaffecting

children.(2016北京改)__________2.Withthegovernment’said,those

affected

bytheearthquakehavemovedtothenewsettlements.(2009上海改)__________3.Iwasdeeplyaffected

bythefilm.

影響

[常用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)]使感動(dòng);打動(dòng)

使感染(疾病)

affect,effect二、選出適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~,并用其適當(dāng)形式填空。(affect,effect)1.Itriedtopersuadehim,butwithlittleorno____________.2.WhenIwas50,myweightproblembeganto____________meseriously.(2017天津改)effectaffect一、寫(xiě)出下列句子中shock的漢語(yǔ)釋義。1.ItwassuchashockwhentheyannouncedthewinnerwasCart.____________2.Theshockwavewasfelteveninmyplane,severalmilesawayfromtheharbor.

____________二、在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Theywillget____________shockwhentheygetthisbill.2.Theparentswere____________(shock)bythenewsthattheirsonneededanoperationonhisknee.(2013

重慶)3.The____________(shock)newsmademerealizewhatterribleproblemswewouldface.(2011

北京)ashocked

shocking

震驚shock

沖擊波一、根據(jù)所給漢語(yǔ),用帶有effort的詞塊完成下列句子。1.Kimis__________________________(努力)loseweight.2.Thelocalclubsare__________________________(盡一切努力)interestmoreyoungpeople.3.Parentsarrangeeverythingfortheirchildrenand__________________________(不遺余力)topave(鋪路)thewayfortheirsuccess.(2013福建)4.Visitthemuseumwhenyou’rethere.It’s__________________________(很值得一游).二、根據(jù)所給詞塊,將下列句子譯成英語(yǔ)。我努力在緊急情況下保持鎮(zhèn)靜。(makeaneffort)

____________________________________________________________

Imadeanefforttokeepcalminanemergency.effort

wellworththeeffort

sparenoeffort

makinganeffortto

makingeveryeffortto下降;變差受到嚴(yán)重燙傷出現(xiàn)背部問(wèn)題suffer二、根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子。1.________________________________________(無(wú)論我遭受什么失敗)inmylife,anironedshirttellsmeIamgoodatsomething.(2014湖南)2.AlthoughRosemaryhad__________________________________(身患重疾)foryears,shelostnoneofherenthusiasm(熱情)forlife.(2013陜西)3.Musicisanimportantwayweexpress_________________(人類(lèi)的苦難),celebration,themeaningandvalueofpeaceandlove.(2009北京)Whatever/NomatterwhatfailuresIsuffersuffered(from)aseriousillness/diseasehumansuffering一、寫(xiě)出下列句子中survive的漢語(yǔ)釋義。__________1.Aftercountlessinterviewsandpresentations,Imanagedtostandoutamongthecandidatesandsurvivethetestalone.(2014

廣東閱讀)__________2.Onlyonecopyofthebookstillsurvives.__________3.Lifeishardatthemoment,butwe’resurviving.幸存于保存下來(lái)挺過(guò)來(lái);熬過(guò)來(lái);艱難度過(guò)survive二、用survive的適當(dāng)形式完成下列句子。Forasuddenheartfailure,thesinglebestchancefor________________ishavingsomeonenearbystepinanddoCPR(心肺復(fù)蘇)quickly.(2017北京閱讀)2.Officialssaidhewastheonly________________oftheplanecrash.3.Heistheonlymanwho________________aftertheexplosion(爆炸).三、根據(jù)所給提示,用survive完成句子。1.Thefrontpassengerswereluckyto__________________________(在車(chē)禍中幸免于難).2.Having__________________________(熬過(guò)那一夜),wewereconfidentthateverythingelsewouldbeallright.(2014

湖北完形)

survival/surviving

survivor

survived

survivethecaraccident

survivedthatnight一、根據(jù)所給漢語(yǔ)提示完成下列句子。remains/keeps/stayscalmThecalm/stillseathecalmbeforethestormcalmdowncalmthemselvesdowncalm1.Evenwhenshefacesdisasterslikeearthquake,shestillkeeps______.2.Thepolicetriedtogetsomeinformationfromtheman,butheremained______.3.Attention,please.Everybody!Pleases

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