新概念英語第二冊(cè)Lesson61

Lesson61TroublewiththeHubbleByTina是以天文學(xué)家哈勃為名，在軌道上環(huán)繞著地球的望遠(yuǎn)鏡。他的位置在地球的大氣層之上，因此獲得了地基望遠(yuǎn)鏡所沒有的好處——影像不會(huì)受到大氣湍流的擾動(dòng)，還能觀測(cè)會(huì)被臭氧層吸收的紫外線。于1990年發(fā)射之后，已經(jīng)成為天文史上最重要的儀器。他已經(jīng)填補(bǔ)了地面觀測(cè)的缺口，幫助天文學(xué)家解決了許多根本上的問題，對(duì)天文物理有更多的認(rèn)識(shí)。從他于1946年的原始構(gòu)想開始，直到發(fā)射為止，建造太空望遠(yuǎn)鏡的計(jì)劃不斷的被延遲和受到預(yù)算問題的困擾。在他發(fā)射之后，立即發(fā)現(xiàn)主鏡有球面像差，嚴(yán)重的降低了望遠(yuǎn)鏡的觀測(cè)能力。幸好在1993年的維修任務(wù)之后，望遠(yuǎn)鏡恢復(fù)了計(jì)劃中的品質(zhì)，并且成為天文學(xué)研究和推展公共關(guān)系最重要的工具。

哈勃太空望遠(yuǎn)鏡Newwordsandexpressions1.Hubble['h?bl]n哈勃2.telescope['telisk?up]n望遠(yuǎn)鏡3.launch[l?:nt?,lɑ:nt?]v發(fā)射4.space[speis]n空間(指宇宙空間)5.billion['bilj?n]n10億6.faulty['f?:lti]adj有錯(cuò)誤的7.astronaut['?str?n?:t]n宇航員8.shuttle['??tl]n航天飛機(jī)9.Endeavour[in'dev?]n“奮進(jìn)”號(hào)10.robot－armn機(jī)器手['r?ub?t,-b?t,'r?b?t]11.grab[ɡr?b]v抓12.atmosphere['?tm?,sfi?]n大氣層13.distant['dist?nt]adj遙遠(yuǎn)的14.galaxy['ɡ?l?ksi]星系15.universe['ju:niv?:s]n宇宙16.eagleeyen鷹眼,一種儀器Whatisthis?universeArewealone(孤單的)intheuniverse?intheuniverse=inspaceuniverse['ju:niv?:s]n宇宙university大學(xué)MissUniverse環(huán)球小姐;宇宙小姐;世界小姐newtonuniverse牛頓空間space[speis]n空間(指宇宙空間)timeandspace時(shí)間和空間outerspace外層空間;外太空;太空;宇宙空間freespace[通信]自由空間;可用空間;剩余空間;弗雷派斯

n.空間；太空；距離

vi.留間隔

vt.隔開room空間,不可數(shù)(aroom為房間,可數(shù))Couldyoumakeroomforme?你能為我騰一點(diǎn)空間嗎?Whatcanweseeinspace?TheHubbletelescopen.望遠(yuǎn)鏡v.縮短，壓縮tele-遠(yuǎn)程，遠(yuǎn)距離的television電視telephone電話telescopeWhereistheHubble?Itisabovetheearth’s___________.atmosphereabove=outsideatmosphere['?tm?,sfi?]n大氣層earth'satmosphere地球大氣socialatmosphere社會(huì)氣氛academicatmospheren.學(xué)業(yè)風(fēng)氣，學(xué)習(xí)氛圍workingatmosphere工作環(huán)境upperatmosphere上層大氣；高空大氣loweratmosphere低層大氣，下層大氣atmospheren.大氣,空氣,氣氛,氛圍Eg:IwenttotheNewConceptEnglishofNewOrientalschoolforitsgoodatmosphereGuess:Howmuchdoesitcost?Itcostsoverabilliondollars.over=morethan

billion['bilj?n]n10億trillion['trilj?n]千億million['milj?n]百萬WholaunchedtheHubbletelescopeintospace?ItwaslaunchedintospacebyNASA．

launch[l?:nt?,lɑ:nt?]v發(fā)射launchon開始；著手launchinto進(jìn)入，投入launchout出航；開始新的事情一般說開始做某事，用setoff，start，beginＷｈｏｉｓｈｅ？Heisthedirector(局長)ofNASA.WhatwillwedoiftheHubbletelescopeisbroken?Whocanrepairit?astronautHowcantheastronautsgettotheHubble?Theshuttle

EndeavourwilltaketheastronautstotheHubble.endeavour①v.奮力，努力

endeavourtodo=trytodo

竭盡全力做…②n.嘗試，努力

bestendeavours

盡最大的努力他總是竭盡全力幫助他人。Healwaysedeavourstohelpothers.Whatisthis?galaxyThegalaxyisvery_______fromus.distantdistant遙遠(yuǎn)的，遠(yuǎn)方的;遠(yuǎn)親的;冷淡的thedistantsoundadistantcousin

一位遠(yuǎn)房（表）堂親distance

n.距離inthedistance在遠(yuǎn)處keepyourdistance保持距離grab

v.抓，抓住，抓?。C(jī)會(huì)）☆grabsthfromsb

從某人手里搶來某物☆grabachance抓住機(jī)會(huì)

Grabyourchancetotravelwhileyou`restillyoungatacostof

造價(jià)為…atallcosts

無論如何，不惜任何代價(jià)她不惜任何代價(jià)都要送他的女兒去美國讀書。ShesentherdaughtertoAmericatostudyatallcosts.costpay/spend/cost/take⑴pay構(gòu)成：sbpay+(money)+forsthpayforsth付…錢、payforsb替某人付錢Ipaid200yuanforthenewbikeyesterday.⑵spend構(gòu)成：sbspend+money+onsthsbspend+time+（in）doingsth⑶cost

（主語是物或it）構(gòu)成：sth+cost+（sb）+moneyThebookcostme20yuan.⑷take構(gòu)成：ittakessb+time+todoIttookme5hourstofinishmyhomework.practiseI______3hoursdoingthemathsproblem.Anewcomputer______alotofmoney.It______me4yearstofinishthebook.Ihaveto____them20yuanforthisskirt.

costsspenttookpay

askfortroublegetintotroublegetoutoftroublemaketrouble自討苦吃陷入困境脫離不幸（困境）鬧事，搗亂troublev.使失望，對(duì)…失信

disappointing

令人失望的

disappointed

失望的

bedisappointedinaperson/thing

對(duì)某人或某事失望disappointsendinsendupsendoutsendfor遞交，送來發(fā)射，發(fā)出派遣派人去叫sendLanguagepointsQuestionsonthetextWhenwastheHubbletelescopelaunchedintospace?Whatwerethepicturesitsentuslike?3.WhatwillthefourastronautsfromtheshuttleEndeavourdoing?4.WhatwillthepicturesfromtheHubbletellus?1.TheHubbletelescopewaslaunchedintospacebyNASAonApril20,1990atacostofoverabilliondollars.Hubbletelescope看作一個(gè)整體,在句中做主語waslaunched動(dòng)詞謂語NASA美國國家航空和宇宙航行局（NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration）具體到某一天，介詞用ononsunnydayatacostofoverabilliondollars花費(fèi)了超過10億美元atacostofRightfromthestarttherewastroublewiththeHubble.trouble['tr?bl]n.麻煩；煩惱；故障；動(dòng)亂vt.麻煩；使煩惱；折磨vi.費(fèi)心，煩惱thetroublewithsth.關(guān)于某事的麻煩eg：What’swrong/troublewithyou？troublesb.麻煩某人Don'ttroubletroubleuntilltroubletroublesyou.↖↖↖↖

動(dòng)詞名詞名詞動(dòng)詞Whenyouareintroublemaketrouble搗亂；制造麻煩maketroublefor給……帶來麻煩introuble在監(jiān)禁中；處于不幸中；處困難中outoftrouble擺脫麻煩；脫離了困境borrowtrouble自找麻煩，杞人憂天runintotrouble陷入困境之中g(shù)iveoneselftroubleThepicturesitsentuswereverydisappointingbecauseitsmainmirrorwasfaulty!disappointed感到失望的disappointing令人失望的faulty，broken與disorder這三個(gè)詞都有故障損壞的意思，單側(cè)重點(diǎn)各不相同。faulty指的是故障性損壞，特指某一個(gè)零部件或部位出現(xiàn)了機(jī)械故障，不常用語人和事件；broken是宏觀性的壞掉或者打破打碎，是一種外在的表現(xiàn)，外傷；disorder常用于人，特指認(rèn)得精神不正常，紊亂錯(cuò)亂。NASAisnowgoingtoputthetelescoperight,soitwillsoonbesendingupfourastronautstorepairit.Begoingto打算做某事

putsth.right把某物正確放置，修正，訂正putright表示“修好（故障等）”、“校正”、“糾正”等：Haveyouputthewatch/clockright?你把表/鐘對(duì)好了嗎？Remembertoputthelightsrighttomorrow.明天記得把燈修好。TheshuttleEndeavourwillbetakingtheastronautstotheHubble.willbetaking將來進(jìn)行時(shí)Arobot-armfromtheEndeavourwillgrabthetelescopeandholditwhiletheastronautsmakethenecessaryrepairs.makethenecessaryrepairs作必要的修理repairsth.修理某物repairawatch修理手表Ofcourse,theHubbleisabovetheearth'satmosphere.ofcourse當(dāng)然above在……上面(位于正上方)soitwillsoonbesendingustheclearestpicturesofthestarsanddistantgalaxiesthatwehaveeverseen.將來進(jìn)行時(shí)。形容詞最高級(jí)后面的關(guān)系從句常用…everheard,met,read,seen等完成式：Thisisthelongestbook(that)Ihaveeverread.這是我所看過的書中最長的一部。Ianisthemostinterestingman(that/whom)Ihaveevermet.伊恩是我所遇見的最有趣的人。TheHubblewilltellusagreatdealabouttheageandsizeoftheuniverse.agreatdealagreatdealof，，，大量的（接不可數(shù)名詞）agreatdeal可以不加名詞，這個(gè)時(shí)候它就被用作副詞了。例如：I'velearntagreatdealfromthisbook.從這本書上我學(xué)到了很多。另外，agreatdealof也可說成agooddealof。Bythetimeyoureadthis,theRubble'seagleeyewillhavesentusthousandsandthousandsofwonderfulpictures.（1）Bythetime到……的時(shí)候bythetimesomebodydosth指的是截止到某人做某件是那會(huì)兒，常用來指過去的某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)上或者將來的某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)上某人在做什么事情例：Bythetimethepolicearrived,themurdererhadleft.警方趕到時(shí)殺人犯已經(jīng)逃之夭夭。（2）willhavesentus將來完成時(shí)表示到將來某個(gè)時(shí)間為止勢(shì)必會(huì)完成或預(yù)計(jì)要完成的動(dòng)作，由“will[shall]+have+過去分詞”構(gòu)成。如：Whenwegetthere，she’llhavegonetowork.我們到那里時(shí)她會(huì)已上班去了。OnMondayhe’llhavebeeninBritainforthreeyears.到星期一，他在英國就滿三年了。（3）thousandsandthousandsof成千上萬的在表示“幾千”、“數(shù)千”、“許許多多”、“成千上萬”這些數(shù)字概念時(shí)可用thousands(of…):Therearehundredsofthousands/thousandsandthousandsofcarsinthiscity.這座城市里有成千上萬輛汽車。BlankFilling:TheHubbletelescope_________intospacebyNASAonApril20,1990,atacostofoverabilliondollars.Rightfromthestartthere_____troublewiththeHubble.Thepicturesit_____us_____verydisappointingbecauseitsmainmirror______faulty!NASAnow______________putthetelescoperight,soitwillsoon_________fourastronautstorepairit.TheshuttleEndeavour____________theastronautstotheHubble.Arobot-armfromtheEndeavour________thetelescopeand_______itwhiletheastronauts______thenecessaryrepairs.Ofcourse,theHubble________abovetheearth’atmosphere,soitwillsoon__________ustheclearestpicturesofstarsanddistantgalaxiesthatwehaveever_________.TheHubble_______usagreatdealabouttheageandsizeoftheuniverse.Bythetimeyou________this,theHubble’seagleeye___________usthousandsandthousandsofwonderfulpictures.waslaunchedwassentwerewasisgoingtoputbesendingupwillbetakinggrabholdmakeisbesendingseenwilltellreadwillhavesentGrammarwillhaverepairedIlettersalldaytomorrow.Soontheastronautsthetelescope.willbewriting將來進(jìn)行時(shí)將來完成時(shí)將來進(jìn)行時(shí)將來完成時(shí)Tense含義結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)間狀語將來正在做到將來已完成willbedoingwillhave+v.p.pelseshallbedoingshallhave+v.p.palldaytomorrowby+將來時(shí)間in+時(shí)間段ByFridaymidday,theyonitforsevendays.willhavebeenworking將來完成時(shí)進(jìn)行時(shí)+=將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)Structurewillhavebeen+V.ingCompare

futureperfecttense

and

futureperfectprogressivetenseTense將來完成時(shí)將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)含義到將來已完成結(jié)構(gòu)willhave+v.p.pwillhavebeendoingshallhave+v.p.pshallhavebeendoingelse時(shí)間狀語byFridaymidday到將來某一時(shí)間已經(jīng)持續(xù)干了…for時(shí)間段byFridaymidday將來進(jìn)行將來完成將來完成進(jìn)行MeaningStructure將來正在做到將來已完成到將來某一時(shí)間已經(jīng)持續(xù)干了willbedoingshallbedoingwillhave+v.p.pshallhave+v.p.pwillhavebeendoingshallhavebeendoingThemomenthe,Iletyouknow.StructurehasarrivedwillMeaning將來已到達(dá)Hebythistimetomorrow.willhavearrivedWhy從句從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表達(dá)將來完成時(shí)的含義themoment引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句elsenowthatassoonas將來完成時(shí)、將來進(jìn)行時(shí)和將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)將來完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成：willhavedone，表示到將來某一時(shí)刻已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，必須和某個(gè)時(shí)間狀語連用，強(qiáng)調(diào)到將來某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間動(dòng)作的結(jié)束。

Workerswillhavecompletedthenewroadsbytheendofthisyear.將來進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成：willbedoing，表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)候正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或表示計(jì)劃好的事，陳述將來的事實(shí)。

Theywillbearrivingheretomorrow.將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成：willhavebeendoing，表示某種狀況一直持續(xù)到說話人所提及的時(shí)間，從某一點(diǎn)發(fā)生,一直延續(xù)到將來的某一點(diǎn),并且將可能延續(xù)下去，強(qiáng)調(diào)到將來某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間動(dòng)作可能結(jié)束或延續(xù)。

Bythistimenextweek,Iwillhavebeenworkingforthisfirmfortwentyyears.ByFridaymidday,theywillhavebeenworkingonitforsevendays.（workonsth.關(guān)于……的工作）在時(shí)間狀語從句中，要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)代替將來完成時(shí)：

BythetimeI’vecompletedthisone,I’llhavebeenwritingforsixyears.

到我寫完這本書時(shí)，我將已經(jīng)寫了6年書了。

WhenI’vebuiltthisone,I’llhavebuiltfivealtogether.在時(shí)間狀語從句中的現(xiàn)在完成式在現(xiàn)在時(shí)間的句子里,可用現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來.這里的現(xiàn)在時(shí)是一個(gè)廣義的時(shí)間,它在實(shí)際上包括現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),它們的道理是相通的.Whenhehasfinishedthisproject(工程),IwillarrivedinUKforanotherproject.當(dāng)他完成這項(xiàng)工程的時(shí)候，我就會(huì)到英國去商議另一項(xiàng)工程．Ifhehasstartedonhiswayhere,Iwillwaitanotherhour.如果他已經(jīng)起程來這里了，我就再等一個(gè)小時(shí)．Specialdifficultiescostpricevalue詞性n.v.Meaning花費(fèi)價(jià)格價(jià)值花費(fèi)詢價(jià)尊重重視物作主語Therehasbeenasharpinthe(price)(cost)(value)of.riselivingIndication√2.WheneverIbuyanythingnew,myfatheralwaysasksmethe(value)(cost)(price).√4.That(valued)(cost)(priced)afortune

tobuild.Indicationhouse√7.Sofar,thencountrieshavegivenmoneytowardthe(value)(price)(cost)ofrebuildingaftertheearthquake.Indication√Cost,Price,Valuecost①n.價(jià)格，價(jià)錢，費(fèi)用（側(cè)重指某項(xiàng)服務(wù)、工程等），成本（復(fù)數(shù)）atthecostof以……的費(fèi)用，造價(jià)……

Theybuiltthebridgeatacostofover$600,000.

Idon’tknowthecostsofthesecars.我不知道這些車的成本是多少。②vt.價(jià)錢為……，（使）花費(fèi)（不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)）Thenew