Unit+5+Languages+Around+the+World+Reading+and+Thinking+課文逐句理解 高一上學(xué)期英語人教版（2019）必修第一冊

B1U5ReadingComprehension

課文逐句理解+知識點(diǎn)拓展+語法精講

TheChineseWritingSystem:ConnectingThePastandThePresent第一段：1讀-2譯-3找（短語/從句）Chinaiswidelyknownforitsancientcivilizationwhichhascontinuedallthewaythroughintomoderntimes,despitethemanyupsanddownsinitshistory.Therearemanyreasonswhythishasbeenpossible,butoneofthemainfactorshasbeentheChinesewritingsystem.Chinaiswidelyknownforitsancientcivilizationwhichhascontinuedallthewaythroughintomoderntimes,despitethemanyupsanddownsinitshistory.語言積累：1.因...而廣為人知：bewidelyknownfor2.古代文明：ancientcivilization3.自始至終，從頭到尾：allthewaythrough4.盡管：despite5.起起伏伏；興衰：upsanddowns中國以其古代文明而聞名,盡管歷史興衰更替，但文明一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)代。Chinaiswidelyknownforitsancientcivilizationwhichhascontinuedallthewaythroughintomoderntimes,despitethemanyupsanddownsinitshistory.語法知識：....civilizationwhichhascontinuedallthewaythroughintomoderntimes...which引導(dǎo)的是什么從句？判斷依據(jù)是什么?答：是定語從句依據(jù)：從句位于名詞后，且對該名詞起修飾限定的作用為什么用which引導(dǎo)？從句缺主語--指代先行詞civilization，指事物--用which引導(dǎo)中國以其古代文明而聞名,盡管歷史興衰更替，但文明一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)代。Therearemanyreasonswhythishasbeenpossible,butoneofthemainfactorshasbeentheChinesewritingsystem.為什么這種情況成為可能的原因有很多，但其中一個(gè)主要因素是漢字書寫系統(tǒng)。語法知識：Therearemanyreasons

whythishasbeenpossiblewhy引導(dǎo)的是什么從句？判斷依據(jù)是什么？答：定語從句依據(jù)：從句位于名詞后，且對該名詞起修飾限定的作用為什么用why引導(dǎo)？定語從句不缺主/賓--表示原因--用why引導(dǎo)第二段：

1讀-2譯-3找（短語/從句）Atthebeginning,writtenChinesewasapicture-basedlanguage.Itdatesbackseveralthousandyearstotheuseoflonggu--animalbonesandshellsonwhichsymbolswerecarvedbyancientChinesepeople.Someoftheancientsymbolscanstillbeseenintoday'shanzi.Atthebeginning,writtenChinesewasapicture-basedlanguage.一開始，書面漢語是一種基于圖片的語言。語言知識積累：1.一開始:Atthebeginning2.一種基于圖片的語言:apicture-basedlanguage詞匯拓展：1.based

adj.以(某事)為基礎(chǔ)的

bebasedon/upon...以……為基礎(chǔ)Truefriendshipshouldbebasedoneachother'sunderstandingandrespect.

真正的友誼應(yīng)該建立在彼此理解和尊重的基礎(chǔ)上。2.basevt.以..為基礎(chǔ)

n根據(jù)

base...on/upon...把…建立在…的基礎(chǔ)上3.basisn.基礎(chǔ)

onthebasisof以……為基礎(chǔ)eg:Statementshouldbemadeonthebasisoffact.說話要有根據(jù)。basicadj.基礎(chǔ)的；基本的Itdatesbackseveralthousandyearstotheuseoflonggu--animalbonesandshellsonwhichsymbolswerecarvedbyancientChinesepeople.它可以追溯到幾千年前的龍骨的使用——龍骨是古代中國人雕刻符號的動(dòng)物骨頭和貝殼。語言知識積累：1.datesbackto追溯到

2.symbol

n.象征，代表,符號3.carve

v.雕刻詞匯拓展：dateback(to)一般只用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。作定語或狀語時(shí)只有主動(dòng)的datingbackto/from形式。eg:中國飲茶文化源遠(yuǎn)流長，可以追溯到1000多年前。(介紹傳統(tǒng)文化)Chinesetea-drinkingculturehasalonghistory

datingbacktomorethan1,000yearsago.=whichdatesbacktomorethan1,000yearsago.單元語法知識精講：介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句...animalbonesandshellsonwhichsymbolswerecarvedbyancientChinesepeople1.onwhich引導(dǎo)的是什么從句？依據(jù)是什么？答：是定語從句依據(jù)：從句位于名詞后，且對該名詞起修飾限定的作用2.為什么是onwhich?①介詞加關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句,介詞一般來源于從句中的某個(gè)動(dòng)詞；本句根據(jù)句子意思，是carve...on...把…雕刻在…上，所以是on.②介詞加關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句，關(guān)系代詞的選擇，一般為

whom指人，which指事物本處為“雕刻在bonesandshells"上，指代事物，因此用which.單元語法精講：介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句--介詞的選擇

介詞的選用：可以遵循“一名二動(dòng)三邏輯”的原則(1)“一名”——依據(jù)與先行詞n搭配的具體意義而定。Istillrememberthedayon

whichIgraduatedfromcollege.我仍然記得我大學(xué)畢業(yè)的那一天。(2)“二動(dòng)”—依據(jù)定語從句中動(dòng)詞或形容詞等所需要的某種習(xí)慣搭配來確定。YesterdaywevisitedtheWestLakeforwhichHangzhouisknown.昨天我們游覽了西湖，杭州因其而出名。(3)“三邏輯”——根據(jù)從句表達(dá)的意義和先行詞的邏輯關(guān)系來確定。Thecolorlessgaswithoutwhichwecannotliveiscalledoxygen.這種無色的、離開它我們就無法生存的氣體叫作氧氣。請?jiān)跈M線處填入適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~①I’llneverforgetthefarm_____whichIspentmychildhoodinthecountry.解析:介詞的選擇依據(jù)與先行詞

搭配的具體意義而定:onthefarm在農(nóng)場②Thisisthebook______whichwetalkedyesterday.介詞的選擇依據(jù)定從中動(dòng)詞/形容詞所需要的習(xí)慣搭配而定:talkabout③MrFieldgraduatedin2009，____whichheenteredafamousITcompany.介詞的選擇根據(jù)從句表達(dá)的意義和先行詞的邏輯關(guān)系來確定:afterhegraduatedin2009單元語法精講：介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句--習(xí)題鞏固

onaboutafter單元語法精講:介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句--關(guān)系代詞的選擇

1.Thisisthefarmon______myfathergrowsfruitandvegetables.2.Thisistheathletefrom______wehavelearntalot.3.Thisisthehumorousguyabout_______Ioftentalkwithyou.4.Iwillshowyouthebookin_______Ifoundtheanswer.介詞+whom指人，介詞+which指事/物whichwhomwhomwhichSomeoftheancientsymbolscanstillbeseenintoday'shanzi.一些古代的符號仍然可以在今天的漢字中看到。第三段：

1讀-2譯-3找（短語/從句）BytheShangDynasty(around1600-1046BCE),thissymbolshadbecomeawelldevelopedwritingsystem.Overtheyears,thesystemdevelopedintodifferentforms,asitwasatimewhenpeopleweredividedgeographically,leadingtomanyvarietiesofdialectsandcharacters.This,however,changedunderEmperorQinshihuangoftheQindynasty(221-207BCE)BytheShangDynasty(around1600-1046BCE),thissymbolshadbecomeawelldevelopedwritingsystem.到了商朝（約公元前1600-1046年），這些符號已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)完善的書寫系統(tǒng)Overtheyears,thesystemdevelopedintodifferentforms,asitwasatimewhenpeopleweredividedgeographically,

leadingtomanyvarietiesofdialectsandcharacters.多年來，這個(gè)系統(tǒng)發(fā)展成不同的形式，因?yàn)槟鞘且粋€(gè)人們在地理上被分隔的時(shí)代，導(dǎo)致了許多不同的方言和文字語言知識積累：1.formn.形式；表格v.形成

?？即钆洌篺ormthegoodhabitofdoingsth養(yǎng)成做某事的好習(xí)慣Weshouldformthegoodhabitofgoingtobedearlyandgettingupearly.2.dividev.分開

?？即钆洌篵edividedinto被分為

eg:Wearedividedinto4groups.3.varietyn．變體；多樣化variousadj.各種各樣的varyv．變化;不同·①avarietyof=varietiesof=various各種各樣的(邀請信)我寫信邀請你三月來我們城市，屆時(shí)將展覽各種各樣的風(fēng)箏。IamwritingtoinviteyoutocometoourcityinMarch，whenvarious/avarietyof/varietiesofkiteswillbeonexhibition.②forvariousreasons由于種種原因·(道歉信)由于種種原因，周天我不能和你一起去書店，請接受我誠摯的歉意。Forvariousreasons，Ican’tgotothebookstoreonSundaywithyou.Sopleaseacceptmysincereapology.③varywith隨著…變化(應(yīng)用文之活動(dòng)介紹)我們學(xué)校組織的課外活動(dòng)隨季節(jié)而變化。Theextra-curricularactivitiesourschoolorganizesvarywiththeseason.④varyfrom...to...由…到…不等;在…到…之間變動(dòng)(應(yīng)用文之活動(dòng)介紹)本次主題班會(huì)聚焦中國傳統(tǒng)文化，從剪紙到古箏等等。ThethemeclassmeetingfocusesontraditionalChinesecultures，whichvaryfrompaper-cuttingto

guzheng.Overtheyears,thesystemdevelopedintodifferentforms,asitwasatimewhenpeopleweredividedgeographically,

leadingtomanyvarietiesofdialectsandcharacters.語法學(xué)習(xí)1.as引導(dǎo)的什么從句？2.when引導(dǎo)的什么從句？依據(jù)是什么？為什么用when？3.leadingto屬于什么語法現(xiàn)象？為什么是leading？as引導(dǎo)的是原因狀語從句

表示原因when引導(dǎo)的是定語從句從句

依據(jù)：位于名詞后，且從句修飾限定先行詞用when：定語從句不缺主/賓--用關(guān)系副詞--指時(shí)間--用whenleading屬于非謂語

非謂語--表主動(dòng)-用V-ing單元語法精講--關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1.當(dāng)從句不缺主賓時(shí)，我們就用關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)2.關(guān)系副詞包括when(指時(shí)間)where(指地點(diǎn))why表原因例①Theexpertswentintothehallwherethemeetingwasbeingheld.語法解析：從句不缺主/賓--用關(guān)系副詞--指地點(diǎn)--用where例②ItwasatimewhenIdidn’tunderstandwhatdeathmeant.語法解析：從句不缺主/賓--用關(guān)系副詞--指時(shí)間--用when例③Doyouknowthereasonwhysheisundergreatstress？語法解析：從句不缺主/賓--用關(guān)系副詞--指原因--用why單元語法精講--關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1.當(dāng)從句不缺主賓時(shí)，我們就用關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)2.關(guān)系副詞包括when(指時(shí)間)where(指地點(diǎn))why表原因習(xí)題鞏固：①I’llneverforgettheday

____Iwastrappedinaburninghouse.語法解析：從句不缺主/賓--用關(guān)系副詞--指時(shí)間--用when②Thestadium_____theathletesworkoutisnotfarfromhere.語法解析：從句不缺主/賓--用關(guān)系副詞--指地點(diǎn)--用where③Idon’tknowthereason____

theathletegaveuphalfwaythroughthecompetition.語法解析：從句不缺主/賓--用關(guān)系副詞--指原因--用whyThis,however,changedunderEmperorQinshihuangoftheQindynasty(221-207BCE)然而，這在秦朝（公元前221-207年）的統(tǒng)治下發(fā)生了改變

第四段：

1讀-2譯-3找（短語/從句）

EmperorQinshihuangunitedthesevenmajorstatesintooneunifiedcountrywheretheChinesewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirection.ThatwritingsystemwasofgreatimportanceinunitingtheChinesepeopleandculture.Eventoday,nomatterwhereChinesepeopleliveorwhatdialecttheyspeak,theycanallstillcommunicateinwriting.EmperorQinshihuangunitedthesevenmajorstatesintooneunifiedcountrywheretheChinesewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirection.

秦始皇皇一統(tǒng)七國，中文書寫體系開始向一個(gè)方向發(fā)展。語言知識積累：1.unite/ju?na?t/v.（使）聯(lián)合,（使）團(tuán)結(jié)；使統(tǒng)一eg:Allofusshoulduniteinprotectingenvironment.我們應(yīng)該團(tuán)結(jié)起來保護(hù)環(huán)境。

unitedadj團(tuán)結(jié)的2.unified/?ju?n?fa?d/adj.一致的，統(tǒng)一的

unifyv.（使）聯(lián)合，（使）統(tǒng)一EmperorQinshihuangunitedthesevenmajorstatesintooneunifiedcountrywheretheChinesewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirection.

秦始皇皇一統(tǒng)七國，中文書寫體系開始向一個(gè)方向發(fā)展。語言知識積累：1.majoradj.主要的；重要的；大的2.majorvi.主修；專門研究majorin主修…eg:我在大學(xué)主修書法,因此,我相信我能夠成為一名合格的志愿者(申請信)Imajoredincalligraphyatuniversity，soIamconfidentthatIcanbeaqualifiedvolunteer.3.majorn.主修課程;主修學(xué)生IamanEnglishmajor.

4.majorityn．大多數(shù)…·a/themajorityof大多數(shù)eg:Themajorityofthestudentsthinkthatweshouldnotbringmobilephonetoschool.EmperorQinshihuangunitedthesevenmajorstatesintooneunifiedcountrywheretheChinesewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirection.

秦始皇皇一統(tǒng)七國，中文書寫體系開始向一個(gè)方向發(fā)展。語法知識：....countrywheretheChinesewritingsystembeganto....1.where引導(dǎo)的是什么從句？依據(jù)是什么？答：定語從句

依據(jù)：從句位于名詞后，且對該名詞起修飾限定的作用2.為什么用where引導(dǎo)？定語從句不缺主/賓--用關(guān)系副詞---指地點(diǎn)--用whereThatwritingsystemwasofgreatimportanceinunitingtheChinesepeopleandculture.這種書寫制度對團(tuán)結(jié)中國人民和中國文化具有重要意義。知識積累：beofgreatimportance=begreatlyimportant...很重要“beof＋抽象n”相當(dāng)于“be＋adj”，這一結(jié)構(gòu)可以說明主語的性質(zhì)。常見的抽象n:importance/value/use/help/benefit/significance等。eg:你對解決這個(gè)有挑戰(zhàn)性的問題所付出的努力非常有價(jià)值。Yourefforttosolvethechallengingproblemisofgreatvalue.YourefforttosolvethechallengingproblemisgreatlyvaluableEventoday,nomatterwhereChinesepeopleliveorwhatdialecttheyspeak,theycanallstillcommunicateinwriting.即使在今天，無論中國人住在哪里，無論他們說什么方言，他們?nèi)匀豢梢杂脮嫘问竭M(jìn)行交流。語法知識：...nomatterwhereChinesepeopleliveorwhatdialecttheyspeak,…nomatterwhere.…引導(dǎo)的是什么從句？是讓步狀語從句，表示“不論哪里…”后面的what從句是什么從句？也是讓步狀語從句，是nomatterwhat的省略，表示“不論什么…”“nomatter＋疑問詞what/who/where/when，...”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，=“疑問詞＋everwhatever，whoever，wherever，whenever，...”可放在主句前或主句后eg:無論有多么困難，我都打算按時(shí)完成工作。Nomatterhowdifficultitis，I’mgoingtofinishtheworkontime.＝Howeverdifficultitis，I’mgoingtofinishtheworkontime.eg:無論我遇到什么困難，我決不放棄。NomatterwhatdifficultiesIcomeacross，bynomeanswillIgiveup.＝WhateverdifficultiesIcomeacross，bynomeanswillIgiveup.“nomatter＋疑問詞what/who/where/when，...”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，=“疑問詞＋everwhatever，whoever，wherever，whenever，...”可放在主句前或主句后練習(xí)：1.無論何時(shí)你有問題，請立即聯(lián)系我。Nomatterwhenyouhaveproblems，Wheneveryouhaveproblems,2.無論我多忙，我都會(huì)去幫你。NomatterhowbusyIam，HoweverbusyIam，pleasecontactmewithouthesitation.pleasecontactmewithouthesitation.Iwillcometoyouraid.Iwillcometoyouraid.第五段：

1讀-2譯-3找（短語/從句）WrittenChinesehasalsobecomeanimportantmeansbywhichChina'spresentisconnectedwithitspast.PeopleinmoderntimescanreadclassicalworkswhichwerewrittenbyChineseinancienttimes.ThehighregardfortheChinesewritingsystemcanbeseeninthedevelopmentofChinesecharactersasanartformknownasChinesecalligraphy,whichhasbecomeanimportantpartofChinesecultureWrittenChinesehasalsobecomeanimportantmeans

bywhichChina'spresentisconnectedwithitspast.中國文字也成為聯(lián)系中國現(xiàn)在與過去的重要方式。語言知識積累1：meansn．方法；方式；途徑v.意味著

byallmeans可以；當(dāng)然行；沒問題bymeansof借助……手段；依靠……方法bynomeans決不；(置于句首時(shí)，句子要用部分倒裝)eg:Bynomeanswilltheathletegiveuphisdreamofbecomingachampion.這位運(yùn)動(dòng)員決不放棄他成為冠軍的夢想。語言知識積累2：beconnectedwith...與...相聯(lián)系/連接WrittenChinesehasalsobecomeanimportantmeans

bywhichChina'spresentisconnectedwithitspast.中國文字也成為聯(lián)系中國現(xiàn)在與過去的重要方式。語法知識...meansbywhichChina'spresentisconnectedwithitspast.bywhich引導(dǎo)的是什么從句？依據(jù)是什么？答：是定語從句依據(jù)：從句位于名詞后，且對該名詞起修飾限定的作用為什么是bywhich?①介詞與先行詞的關(guān)系為：bythemeans通過使用這種方式,因此用by②介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句，指物means,用whichPeopleinmoderntimescanreadclassicalworkswhichwerewrittenbyChineseinancienttimes.語言知識積累1：peopleinmoderntimes現(xiàn)代人介詞短語作后置定語=定語從句peopleinmoderntimes=peoplewholiveinthemoderntimes練習(xí)：Heisamanofgoodtemper=_________________________________Thegirlinaredcoatismysister.=_______________________________語言知識積累2：readclassicalworks讀經(jīng)典作品Heisaman

whohasgoodtemper.ThegirlwhoisinaredcoatismysisterPeopleinmoderntimescanreadclassicalworkswhichwerewrittenbyChineseinancienttimes.語法知識：.....classicalworkswhichwerewrittenbyChineseinancienttimes.which引導(dǎo)的是什么從句？判斷依據(jù)是什么？答：是定語從句依據(jù)：從句位于名詞后，且對該名詞起修飾限定的作用為什么用which引導(dǎo)?語法解析：定語從句-缺主語--指事物--用whichThehighregardfortheChinesewritingsystemcanbeseeninthedevelopmentofChinesecharactersasanartformknownasChinesecalligraphy,whichhasbecomeanimportantpartofChineseculture對漢字書寫體系的高度重視體現(xiàn)在漢字發(fā)展為一種藝術(shù)形式--書法。書法已經(jīng)成為中國文化的一個(gè)重要組成部分。語言知識積累：regard

n.尊重;問候,致意;關(guān)注

eg:Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents.請代我問候你的父母vt.把…視為;看待

regard...as...把…看作…beregardedas被視為....CalligraphyisregardedasanimportantpartoftraditionalChineseart.書法被看作是中國傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)的重要部分。with/inregardto關(guān)于…（替換about）With/InregardtoChinesewritingsystem,wethoughtitofgreatimportance.關(guān)于中文書寫系統(tǒng)，我們認(rèn)為它非常重要。ThehighregardfortheChinesewritingsystemcanbeseeninthedevelopmentofChinesecharactersasanartformknownasChinesecalligraphy,whichhasbecom