天津大學(xué)研究生英語上機(jī)考試樣題附答案

PART1 (15points)Directions:Inthispartofthetest,therearesomeincompletesentences.Foreachsentence,pleasechooseonefromthefourchoicesgiventhatcanbestcompleteitsmeaning.1.Waterpurificationisthe_______ofcontaminants（污染物）fromrawwatertoproducedrinkingwaterthatispureenoughforhumanconsumptionorforindustrialuse.Departure（離開）removaldismissal（解雇）refusal（拒絕）2.Ofcourse,musiccanbedistracting（分心，轉(zhuǎn)移注意力）ifit'stooloudortoojarring,orifit_______forourattentionwithwhatwe'retryingtodo.Inquires（查詢）preaches（宣揚(yáng)）competes（爭奪你的關(guān)注）applies3.Thereisonlyonewaytohappinessandthatistocease（停止）worryingaboutthingswhichare_______thepowerofourwill.4.ThroughoffbeyondbyEngineersmayhelpproduceguidedmissiles,industrialrobots,or_______limbsforthephysically（導(dǎo)彈）handicapped.authentic（真正的，可信的）artificial（人造的）artistic（藝術(shù)的articulate（發(fā)音清晰的，善于表達(dá)的）Inmoderntimes,ahandfulof（幾個，屈指可數(shù)）technologicalwonders（奇跡）thatstartedoutasnovelties（新奇事物）,havebecome_______toourdailyroutines.Compatible（兼容的）vulnerable（弱勢的）liable（容易的）indispensable（必不可少的）6.Oneofthemostsincere（真誠的）formsofrespectis_______listeningtowhatanotherhastosay.Virtually（實質(zhì)上，真實上）finallydailyactually（確實，事實上）7.Somepeoplemayberequiredtoworkshifts（輪班）orexcessive（過度的）hours（超時工作）,whilst（同時）othersfeeltheysimply（僅僅）cannot_______targetstheyseeasunrealistic.Acquirecompletemeetobtain8.Fromprimitive（原始的）developmentssuchasthewheelandpapertotoday'shigh-techgadgets,there'scertainlyno_______ofimpressivedevelopmentsthathavechangedthewayweliveandwork.UseshortagemattersenseWhetheritscheckingtheweather,e-mail,orbankaccount,smartphoneshavemademobileconnectivity（連接）so_______thattoday’syoungergenerationsseemmuchmore“addicted”totheirsmartphones.Imaginablevisibleaccessible（易接近的）feasible（可行的，可用的）10.Formanypeople,animportantaspectofovercomingInternetandcomputeraddictionistofind_______waystohandlethesedifficultfeelings.Alternativerenewablepermanent（永久的，永恒的）changeable11.Mostnewtechnologies,withtheexception（除了）ofthoseassociatedwith（與某某有關(guān)）weaponry（武器）,havehadhugely________effectsformostpeopleextendingourcapabilities（能力，容量）andindeed（甚至）ourlivestoanextentthatourancestorscouldnothaveimagined.Urgentformalharmfulbeneficial12.Whatthemassmediaoffersisnotpopularart,butentertainment（娛樂）whichisintendedtobe_______likefood,forgotten,andreplacedbyanewdish.Spentexpendedconsumedpaid13.It'struethathumanityhasseena________of（一系列）crises（危險）,warsandatrocities（暴行）,butthisnegativesideisoffset（抵消）byadvancesintechnologyandculturalexchanges.Successionfraction（一小部分）pairline14.Email,blogs,socialnetworks,instant（此刻，瞬間）messaging,andmessageboardsallowforbothpublicand_______communicationaboutanytopic.confidential（秘密的，親密的）wordless（沉默的）anonymous（匿名的）verbal（言語的，口頭的）15.Economistshavelongfocusedontheconceptofeducationasaninvestmentthat,onaverage,_______welloverthelongterm,forbothindividualstudentsandsocietyasawhole.makesup（彌補(bǔ)） makesfor paysoff（回報） paysforElectronicfilesarereplacing________filingcabinets（文件柜）,andintelligentfacsimile（傳真）andcopyingmachinesareappearingtogetherwithavarietyofprintersabletoprintanythingfromletter-qualitycharacterstofourcolordiagrams.consequent（必然的，合乎邏輯的）conversational（健談的）conventional（傳統(tǒng)的）considerate（體貼的）17.Universities,employersandprofessionalbodiesall_______theneedforeffectiveengineerstohaveskillsinmanagementandbusiness.Accredit（委托，授權(quán)）admitacquaint（告知，使熟悉）acknowledge（承認(rèn)）18.Moststudiesoninnovation（改革，創(chuàng)新）haveshownthatitisoftenmoredifficultforlargecorporationsto_______thesamelevelofcreativityandfreedomasstart-ups（啟動）.Sustain（維持）containmaintainrefrain（抑制）19.Inmanycases,whatwesayislessimportantthanhowwesayitortheother_______signalswesendout,suchaseyecontact,facial（面部的）expression,toneofvoice,andgesture.Warningoral（口頭的）electronicnonverbal（非語言的）20.Whiletimespentonlinecanbehugelyproductive,compulsive（令人著迷的）Internetusecan_______dailylife,work,anderferewith（打擾）takeup（占據(jù)）makesforbreakthrough（突破）PART2(15points)Directions:Inthispartofthetest,therearesomesentenceswhichhavebeendividedintofivefragments.Re-arrangethesefragmentsbydraggingthemwiththemouseintothecorrectordertoformasentencesothatitcanmakesense.Re-arrangethesefragmentsbydraggingthemwiththemouseintothecorrectordertoformasentencesothatitcanmakesense.andourscientistsseeinternational3wealwaystrytohave1partofourmodernresearchcommunity5astrongglobaldimensioninourresearchanddevelopment,維度2cooperationasanintegral完整的4Re-arrangethesefragmentsbydraggingthemwiththemouseintothecorrectordertoformasentencesothatitcanmakesense.onceyougraduatefromcollege3andbeginyourcareer4anotherreasonforstudyingmanagement1istherealitythatformostofyou,2youwilleithermanageorbemanaged5Re-arrangethesefragmentsbydraggingthemwiththemouseintothecorrectordertoformasentencesothatitcanmakesense.themoreproficientandconfidentheorshewillbe精明1withthevariouscharacteristics2inmakingjudiciousmaterialschoicesbasedonthesecriteria明智的，恰如其分的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)5aswellasprocessingtechniquesofmaterials3themorefamiliaranengineerorscientistis4Re-arrangethesefragmentsbydraggingthemwiththemouseintothecorrectordertoformasentencesothatitcanmakesense.onthelimitsofscientificfreedom3couldhardlyhavehandled4theirpublicitymoredifferently5whoseworkhastriggeredafar-reachingdebate2thetwoinfluenzaresearchers1Re-arrangethesefragmentsbydraggingthemwiththemouseintothecorrectordertoformasentencesothatitcanmakesense.scientistsbelievesomethingbegan3pressingthegaspedalagain,causing4mattergotmorediluted2expansiontoaccelerateoncemore5butastheuniversegotlargerand1Re-arrangethesefragmentsbydraggingthemwiththemouseintothecorrectordertoformasentencesothatitcanmakesense.fromafunctionalperspective,theroleof1usingexistingmaterials5amaterialsscientististodeveloporsynthesize2newmaterials,whereasamaterialsengineer3iscalledupontocreatenewproductsorsystems4Re-arrangethesefragmentsbydraggingthemwiththemouseintothecorrectordertoformasentencesothatitcanmakesense.detectingthepresenceofpopulations1ofrareandthreatenedanimalspecies2isachallengeforconservationplannersandmanagers3whereananimalleaveslittleornomacroscopictrace5especiallyinhabitatslikelakesandrivers4Re-arrangethesefragmentsbydraggingthemwiththemouseintothecorrectordertoformasentencesothatitcanmakesense.thosefrommorerecenterastoconcludethat3itsmeasuredratewith2theteamthencompared1theuniverse’sexpansionwas4slowingatthattime5Re-arrangethesefragmentsbydraggingthemwiththemouseintothecorrectordertoformasentencesothatitcanmakesense.ofemptyspace:4supporttotheleadingtheorythat2themeasurementssofarlend1darkenergyisanaturalproperty3themoretheuniverseexpands,thestrongerdarkenergybecomes5Re-arrangethesefragmentsbydraggingthemwiththemouseintothecorrectordertoformasentencesothatitcanmakesense.phenomenonlikeinflation,3andthatmatter’sgravitationalpullwillonedaytakeover4andtempertheuniverse’sgrowthspurt5othertheoriespositthat1darkenergyisatemporary2PART3(5points)Directions:Inthispartofthetest,youhave5paragraphsgiveninwrongorder.Pleasere-organizetheseparagraphsbydraggingthemwithyourmousesothattheymakeacoherenttext.Thethirdparagraphhasalreadybeencorrectlymarkedforyou.InthefirstyearorsoofWebbusiness,mostoftheactionhasrevolvedaroundeffortstotaptheconsumermarket.Morerecently,astheWebprovedtobemorethanafashion,companieshavestartedtobuyandsellproductsandserviceswithoneanother.Suchbusiness-to-businesssalesmakesensebecausebusinesspeopletypicallyknowwhatproductthey'relookingfor.在網(wǎng)絡(luò)業(yè)務(wù)的第一年左右，大部分的行動都圍繞著挖掘消費(fèi)者市場的努力。 最近，由于 Web被證明不僅僅是一種時尚，公司已經(jīng)開始相互購買和銷售產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)。 這種企業(yè)對企業(yè)的銷售很有意義，因為商業(yè)人士通常知道他們在尋找什么產(chǎn)品。AnothermajorshiftinthemodelforInternetcommerceconcernsthetechnologyavailableformarketing.Untilrecently,Internetmarketingactivitieshavefocusedonstrategiesto"pull"customersintosites.互聯(lián)網(wǎng)商業(yè)模式的另一個重大轉(zhuǎn)變涉及可用于市場營銷的技術(shù)。 直到最近，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)營銷活動都集中在將客戶“拉入”網(wǎng)站的策略上。Subscriberscancustomizetheinformationtheywanttoreceiveandproceeddirectlytoacompany'sWebsite.CompaniessuchasVirtualVineyardsarealreadystartingtousesimilartechnologiestopushmessagestocustomersaboutspecialsales,productofferings,orotherevents.訂戶可以自定義他們想要接收的信息并直接進(jìn)入公司的網(wǎng)站。 像虛擬葡萄園這樣的公司已經(jīng)開始使用類似的技術(shù)向消費(fèi)者推銷關(guān)于特殊銷售，產(chǎn)品或其他事件的消息。Inthepastyear,however,softwarecompanieshavedevelopedtoolsthatallowcompaniesto"push"informationdirectlyouttoconsumers,transmittingmarketingmessagesdirectlytotargetedcustomers.Mostnotably,thePointcastNetworkusesascreensavertodeliveracontinuallyupdatedstreamofnewsandadvertisementstosubscribers'computermonitors.然而，在過去的一年里，軟件公司開發(fā)了一些工具，可以讓公司直接將信息“推”給消費(fèi)者，將營銷信息直接傳遞給目標(biāo)客戶。最值得注意的是，Pointcast 網(wǎng)絡(luò)使用屏幕保護(hù)程序為用戶的計算機(jī)顯示器提供不斷更新的新聞和廣告。Nonetheless,manycompaniesstillhesitatetousetheWebbecauseofdoubtsaboutitsreliability."Businessesneedtofeeltheycantrustthepathwaybetweenthemandthesupplier,"sayssenioranalystBlaneErwinofForresterResearch.Somecompaniesarelimitingtheriskbyconductingonlinetransactionsonlywithestablishedbusinesspartnerswhoaregivenaccesstothecompany'sprivateintranet.盡管如此，許多公司仍然因為懷疑其可靠性而猶豫使用 Web。Forrester Research高級分析師BlaneErwin表示：“企業(yè)需要覺得他們可以相信他們和供應(yīng)商之間的通路。一些公司通過僅與已獲準(zhǔn)訪問該公司的私有內(nèi)部網(wǎng)的已建立業(yè)務(wù)合作伙伴進(jìn)行在線交易來限制風(fēng)險。PART4(10points)Directions:Inthispartofthetest,thereisapassagewith10blanks.Foreachblank,pleasechooseONEwordorphrasefromthelistbelowbydraggingitwiththemousetocompletethepassage.Thesimpleactofsurrenderingatelephonenumbertoastoreclerkmaynotseemharmful—somuchsothatmanyconsumersdoitwithnoquestionsasked.Yetthatoneactioncansetinmotionacascadeofsilentevents,asthatdatapointisacquired,analyzed,categorized,storedandsoldoverandoveragain.Futureattacksonyourprivacymaycomefromanywhere,fromanyonewithmoneytopurchasethatphonenumberyousurrendered.Ifyoudoubtthemultipliereffect,consideryoure-mailinbox.Ifit'sloadedwithspam,it'sundoubtedlybecauseatsomepointintimeyouunknowinglysurrenderedyoure-malltothewrongWebsite.Doyouthinkyourtelephonenumberoraddressishandleddifferently?Acottageindustryofsmallcompanieswithnamesyou'veprobablyneverheardof—likeAcxiomorMerlin—buyandsellyourpersonalinformationthewayothercommoditieslikecornorcattlefuturesarebartered.Youmaythinkyourcellphoneisunlisted,butifyou'veeverorderedapizza,itmightnotbe.Merlinisoneofmanycommercialdata brokers thatadvertisessaleofunlistedphonenumbers compiled fromvarioussources—includingpizzadeliverycompanies.Theseunintended, unpredictable consequences that flowfrom simple actions makeprivacy issuesdifficulttograsp,andgrapplewith.Itishardtodeny,however,thatpeoplebehavedifferentwhenthey'rebeingwatched.Anditisalsoimpossibleto deny thatAmericansarenowbeingwatchedmorethanatanytimeinhistory.Surrendered，probably，brokers，theway，attacks，compiled，deny，categorized，undoubtedly，issues向一位店員交出電話號碼的簡單行為可能看起來并不那么有害， 所以許多消費(fèi)者都會這樣做， 而不會問任何問題。然而，這一行動可以啟動一系列無聲事件，因為數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)是一次又一次地獲取，分析，分類，存儲和銷售的。未來您的隱私攻擊可能來自任何地方，任何有錢的人都可以購買您投降的電話號碼。如果您懷疑乘數(shù)效應(yīng)，請考慮您的電子郵件收件箱。如果它被加載了垃圾郵件，這無疑是因為您在某個時間