專題04選擇疑問句和反意疑問句-2021年中考英語語法之句子成分基本句型以及句子種類

句子的種類

選擇疑問句和反義疑問句句子的類型句子的種類陳述句疑問句祈使句肯定句否定句一般疑問句感嘆句特殊疑問句選擇疑問句反意疑問句選擇疑問句的用法與結(jié)構(gòu)選擇疑問句是指提供兩種或多種情況供對方選擇的疑問句。其表現(xiàn)形式可以是一般疑問句形式，也可以是特殊疑問句形式，選項(xiàng)之間要用連詞or連接。語調(diào)：前升，后降Doyoulikeapplesorbananas?Whatwouldyoulike,teaorcoffee?一般疑問句形式的選擇疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)：一般疑問句+or+選擇部分？Doeshelikethisorthat？Isthatbookyoursorhers？Areyouadoctororateacher？Washebornin1998orin2001？Areyougoingbytrainorbyplane？一般疑問句形式的選擇疑問句特殊疑問句形式的選擇疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)：特殊疑問句，選項(xiàng)A+or+選項(xiàng)B？Whorunsfaster,youorTom？Howshallwego,onfootorbybus？Whichwouldyoulike,teaorcoffee？Whenshallweleave,todayortomorrow？Howlongdidhelivethere,fiveyearsortenyears？選擇疑問句的回答選擇疑問句的回答不能用yes或no回答，通常是從所提供的選項(xiàng)中選擇一項(xiàng)進(jìn)行回答。--Isheadoctororprofessor?--Heisaprofessor.--Areyougoingbytrainorbyplane?--I'mgoingbytrain.--bytrain.反義疑問句反義疑問句構(gòu)成1.陳述部分肯定句+

疑問部分否定句（前肯后否）Theyarestudents,aren'tthey?Shewasillyesterday,wasn’tshe?Theyworkhere,don’tthey?Hefinishedhishomework,didn'the?YourmothercanspeakFrench,can'tshe?反義疑問句構(gòu)成2.陳述部分否定句+疑問部分肯定句（前否后肯）Heisn'tateacher,ishe?Thestudentsweren'tlateforschool,werethey?Hisfatherdoesn'tlikefishing,doeshe?Youdidn’tgowithyoursister,didyou?Hecan’trideabike,canhe?反義疑問句注意：①前后兩部分肯定與否定必須相反。否定形式要用縮寫，不能出現(xiàn)not.HewenttothecinemalastSunday,didn’the﹖②前后兩部分時(shí)態(tài)必須一致。Shereadaninsterestingbookyesterday,didn’tshe﹖③前后兩部分的主語（即人稱單、復(fù)數(shù)）必須一致，而且后一部分的主語常用代詞代替。TomcanspeakChinesewell,can’the﹖反義疑問句特殊情況1.主語為I的反義疑問句當(dāng)陳述部分是Iam...時(shí)，反意疑問句部分通常要用aren'tI；如陳述句部分的主語是Iamnot時(shí)，反意疑問句部分通常要用amI。

Iamateacher,aren'tI?

I'mlateforthemeeting,aren'tI?I'mastallasyoursister,aren'tI?Iamnotastudent,amI?反義疑問句特殊情況2.賓語從句的反義疑問句當(dāng)主句是Ithink，Ibelieve，Isuppose，Iimagine，Iexpect,Iguess時(shí)要反問從句，其余句式均反問主句。(1)當(dāng)主句的主語為第一人稱時(shí)，其后的簡短問句應(yīng)與從句相一致。Iexpect

ourEnglishteacherwillbebackthisweekend,won'tshe/he?Wesuppose

youhavefinishedtheproject,haven'tyou?反義疑問句特殊情況當(dāng)賓語從句否定前移時(shí)當(dāng)這些動詞后接的賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移到主句時(shí)，其仍屬否定句，故其后的簡短問句應(yīng)用肯定式，而非否定式。Idon'tbelievethathecantranslatethisbook,canhe?Wedon'timaginethetwinshavearrived,havethey?反義疑問句特殊情況反義疑問句特殊情況(3).當(dāng)陳述句的主語是指示代詞this,that時(shí)，反意疑問句的主語用it代替；指示代詞是these,those時(shí)，反意疑問句的主用they代替。

Thatisn’tausefulbook,isit?Theseareimportantreadingmaterials,aren’tthey?(4).當(dāng)主語為everyone,someone,anyone,noone等表示人的不定代詞時(shí)，疑問部分的主語用they或he:Everyoneknowstheanswer,don'tthey?(doesn'the?)Nobodyknowsaboutit,dothey?(doeshe?)反義疑問句特殊情況(5).當(dāng)陳述部分的主語為everything,something,anything,nothing等表示物的不定代詞時(shí)，疑問部分的主語用it:Everythingisready,isn'tit?Somethingiswrongwithyourwatch,isn'tit?反義疑問句--否定意義的詞反義疑問句--否定意義的詞2.當(dāng)陳述部分含有否定意思的詞是unhappy,dislike,unfriendly,等含有否定詞綴的派生詞，也就是有un,dis-前綴、-less后綴等含詞綴而意思否定的詞，當(dāng)肯定句處理，疑問部分用否定形式。Helooksunhappy,doesn'the?Thegirldislikeshistory,doesn'tshe?Itisimpossible,isn'tit?3.當(dāng)陳述部分有l(wèi)ess,fewer等詞視為肯定詞，疑問部分用否定形式。Therewillbelesspollution,won'tthere?反義疑問句特殊情況含有usedto的反意疑問句陳述部分的謂語是usedto時(shí)，疑問部分用didn't+主語或usedn't+主語。Sheusedtostayuplate,usedn’tshe?Heusedtotakepicturesthere,didn'the?

含有You'dliketo+v.的反意疑問句陳述部分有You'dliketo+v.疑問部分用wouldn't+主語。You’dliketogowithme,wouldn'tyou?

反義疑問句--祈使句當(dāng)陳述部分是祈使句時(shí)，疑問句要根據(jù)語氣來表達(dá)，分三種情況:1.一般情況下用willyou或won'tyou。Givemeahand,willyou?Don'tspoilyourchild,willyou?Leaveallthethingsastheyare,won'tyou?2.當(dāng)陳述句是否定的祈使句時(shí)，問句可用willyou或canyou。Don'tmakemuchnoise,will/canyou?Don'tplayfootontheroad,will/canyou?反義疑問句--祈使句3.以Let's(聽者包括在內(nèi))開頭的祈使句，前肯后可肯可否，疑問句必須用shallwe(shall只用于第一人稱);只有以Letus(聽話人不被包括在"us"里面)或Letme開頭的祈使句，問句才用willyou。Letmehelpyou,willyou?Let'sgotothesupermarket,shallwe?Let'sgoandlistentothemusic,shallwe?Let'shavealookonyourbook，shallwe?Letusknowthetimeofyourarrival,willyou?Letuswaitforyouinthereading-room,willyou?反義疑問句--Therebe句型1.Therebe句型中，反義疑問部分必須為be動詞+thereTherearesomeapplesinthebasket,aren'tthere?Thereisn'tanymilkleft,isthere?Thereissomethingwrongwithyourwatch,isn'tthere?Therewillnotbeanytrouble,willthere?hereusedtobe,反義疑問句有兩種形式:didn'tthere和usedn'tthere.Thereusedtobesomecitieswall,didn'tthere?Thereusedtobesomecitieswall,usedn'tthere?反意疑問句的回答回答反意疑問句:前肯后否，前否后肯，根據(jù)事實(shí)從后往前翻譯,根據(jù)實(shí)際情況來確定.(1)Theyworkhard,don'tthey?他們努力工作，不是嗎?Yes,theydo.對,他們工作努力。No,theydon't.不，他們工作不努力(2)Theydon'tworkhard,dothey?他們不太努力工作，是嗎?Yes,theydo.不，他們工作努力。No,theydon't.是的，他們工作不努力反意疑問句的回答對反意疑問句的回答，無論問題的提法如何，如果事實(shí)是肯定的，就用yes，事實(shí)是否定的，就要用no。但是，翻譯成漢語意思剛好相反，這種回答的yes要譯成"不"，no要譯成"是"。--Helikesplayingfootball,doesn'the?他喜歡踢足球，不是嗎?--Yes,hedoes.是的。--No,hedoesn't.不是。-Hissisterdidn'tattendthemeeting,didshe?他妹妹沒有參加會議，是嗎?--Yes,shedid.不，她參加了。--No,shedidn't.是的，她沒參加?；顚W(xué)活用（填空）1.TheboyisJapanese,______he?2.Thebookisn'tinteresting,______it?3.HeknowsalotaboutEnglishnames,____he?4.Thegirldoesn'tlikeapples,______she?5.Therearetwobirdsinthetree,______there?6.ThemancametoChinalastmonth,_____he?7.You'reafarmer,_______________?活學(xué)活用（填空）1.TheboyisJapanese,______he?2.Thebookisn'tinteresting,____