語法專題突破專題十一主謂一致和特殊句式練習(xí)含解析

語法專題突破專題十一主謂一致和特殊句式達(dá)標(biāo)檢測Ⅰ．單句語法填空1．(2020·新高考卷)Often,onlyasmallpartofamuseum’scollection__is(be)ondisplay.Mostofitisstoredawayorusedforresearch.解析：考查主謂一致。句意：通常，博物館只展出一小部分藏品。此處描述的是客觀事實(shí)，應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語asmallpartofamuseum’scollection是單數(shù)概念，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，且后面的Mostofitisstoredawayorusedforresearch.中的is也是提示。故填is。2．(2020·新課標(biāo)卷Ⅰ)“Thisreallyexcitesscientists，”CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,“becauseit__means(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoonisconstructed.”解析：考查主謂一致。根據(jù)上文“Thisreallyexcitesscientists”可知，此處也使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；主語是it，所以空處謂語動(dòng)詞使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式means。故填means。3．(2020·江蘇卷改編)Ifyoulookatallsidesofthesituation,you’llfindprobablyasolutionthat__suitseveryone.解析：考查動(dòng)詞主謂一致。句意：如果你從各個(gè)方面看問題，你可能會(huì)找到一個(gè)適合每個(gè)人的解決方案。句子描述的客觀事實(shí)，應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；此處是定語從句謂語動(dòng)詞，先行詞是asolution，從句謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填suits。4．(2020·新課標(biāo)卷Ⅱ)Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowers__carries(carry)specialsignificance.解析：考查主謂一致。句意：這就是為什么用植物、水果和鮮花裝飾具有特殊意義的原因。這是一個(gè)表語從句，從句主語為動(dòng)名詞短語decoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowers，所以謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。故填carries。5．(全國Ⅱ)Itcouldbeanything—gardening,cooking,music,sports—butwhateveritis,__make(make)sureit’sarelieffromdailystressratherthananotherthingtoworryabout.解析：第二個(gè)破折號(hào)之后為but連接的并列句，whateveritis是讓步狀語從句，主句為祈使句，所缺詞是主句的謂語動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)使用動(dòng)詞原形。故填make。6．(湖南Ⅱ)Itwaswhenwewerereturninghome__thatIrealizedwhatagoodfeelingitwastohavehelpedsomeoneintrouble.解析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句，并且強(qiáng)調(diào)的是時(shí)間狀語，故用that。7．(2019·全國I卷)Ofthenineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,six__are(be)stable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.解析：考查主謂一致。句意：在已經(jīng)確認(rèn)的19個(gè)北極熊亞種群中，有3個(gè)在減少，6個(gè)穩(wěn)定，1個(gè)在增加，9個(gè)缺乏足夠的數(shù)據(jù)。根據(jù)threearedeclining，此處數(shù)詞six作主語，代指前文中的“polarbearsubpopulations”，故用復(fù)數(shù)謂語，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故填are。8．(全國卷Ⅰ)Fastfood__is(be)fulloffatandsalt;byeatingmorefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.解析：根據(jù)行文的時(shí)態(tài)可知，此處用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；句子的主語fastfood(快餐)是不可數(shù)名詞短語，故填be的第三人稱單數(shù)形式is。Ⅱ．單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤)1．(2020·新課標(biāo)卷Ⅲ)Mydaddon’tlikethesoupandIdon’tenjoyapples.__第一個(gè)don’t改成doesn’t解析：考查主謂一致。句意：我爸爸不喜歡湯，我也不喜歡蘋果。表示經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的事情，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。主語mydad是第三人稱單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，所以don’t改成doesn’t。2．(陜西)Icouldn’tbelievemyluck—notonlydidIhadmyphototakenwithhim,buthesignedhisnameonmyshirt!__had→have解析：考查倒裝句的謂語結(jié)構(gòu)，“did＋主語＋動(dòng)詞原形”，故had應(yīng)改為have。3．(浙江卷)Afterweleft,Isaid,“Thatwasveryniceofyou,Mother.ButIdidn’tthinkshelookedlikeGrandma.”“Neitherdidme，”saidMothercheerfully.__me→I解析：“neither＋助動(dòng)詞＋主語”結(jié)構(gòu)中，主語應(yīng)該用主格形式，故me應(yīng)改為I。4．(浙江)Hewouldaskwhowewasandpretendnottoknowus.__was→were解析：who引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中主語是we，謂語應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。5．(遼寧)Hardworkhavemadehimveryill.__have→has解析：work為不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。6．(陜西)Finally,therewereasuddenpullatthepoleandafishwascaught.__were→was解析：Therebe句型中be動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該與其后主語asuddenpull在數(shù)上保持一致。7．(2018·全國卷Ⅲ)Theclassroomisaplaceforlearningandthatincludelearningfromtextbooks,andmistakesaswell.__include→includes解析：考查主謂一致。that作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)includes。Ⅲ．語法填空Ourschoollibrary,alongwithmanyotherbuildings,isverydifferentfromotherschools’.There1.__are(be)twocomputerrooms,threeartrooms,ameetingroomandareadingroominthelibrarybuilding.Thenumberofthebooks2.__is(be)large.Itwas2,000,000dollars3.__thatallthebookscostourschool.Itissuchalargeamountofmoney4.__thatanaveragefamilycan’taffordit，right?Butinmyview，itisworthitbecauseintheeraofknowledgeexplosion，manystudentshaveathirstforknowledge.Ourlibraryisalsoamultifunctionalbuilding.Thereare500computersinit.Manyastudent5.__surfs(surf)theInternetatweekendshereandnowyoucanseethatmyclassmates,MikeandJohn,aresurfingtheInternet.6.__Howhappytheyare!Look!Aprofessorandwriter7.__is(be)deliveringaspeechinthemeetingroom.Everytimethereisawonderfulspeech,theaudiencealways8.__cheer/cheers(cheer)up.Whatlovelychildrentheyare!Enterourartroom9.__andyouwillfindateacherwithhisstudentsispaintingintheroom.Onthewall10.__are(be)about500pictures,whichattractmanystudents.文章大意：本文為一篇說明文。介紹了學(xué)校與眾不同的圖書館。解析：1．本題考查了Therebe句型主謂一致問題。Therebe句型的主謂一致應(yīng)遵循“就近一致”原則，故本句的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與twocomputerrooms保持一致。因此填are。2．“thenumberof＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與thenumber保持一致，即用動(dòng)詞的單數(shù)形式。故填is。3．本題考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為2,000,000dollars。故填that。4．本題考查了“such…that…”句型。句意：這是如此大的一筆錢以至于一個(gè)普通家庭負(fù)擔(dān)不起，是不是？故填that。5．“manya/an＋單數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞需用單數(shù)形式。故填surfs。6．本題考查感嘆句。設(shè)空后為形容詞。故填How。7．此處主語aprofessorandwriter(一位教授兼作家)，指的是一個(gè)人。故填is。8．theaudience作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單復(fù)數(shù)均可。故填cheer/cheers。9．本題考查“祈使句＋and＋陳述句”，本句型相當(dāng)于“if從句＋主句”。句意：走進(jìn)我們的美術(shù)教室，你就會(huì)看到一位老師和他的學(xué)生們正在教室里畫畫。故填and。10．本題考查倒裝句。主語為about500pictures。將本句改為正常語序后為：About500picturesareonthewall。故填are。Ⅳ．短文改錯(cuò)Whenweweresmall,theteachertoldusthatwecouldhelpothers.OfferhelptosomeonewhoareinneedofhelpisChinesetradition.Today，wearehappilytoseethatpeoplegivetheirhandstotheoldandtheweak,butsomenegativeexamplesalsoexistatthesametime.Ithasreportedthatmanypeoplesawthewomanwasjumpingoffabridge.Buttheynotjusttookouttheircellphonesandtookpicture.Noonetriedtostopher.Itisapitywhatpeoplebecomesocold-blooded.Iftheycouldpersuadeheroutofkillingher,theywouldbesuccessfulinstoppingthetragedy.答案：Whenweweresmall,theteachertoldusthatweeq\o(could,\s\do11(should))helpothers.eq\o(Offer,\s\do11(Offering))helptosomeonewhoeq\o(are,\s\do11(is))inneedofhelpisChinesetradition.Today，weareeq\o(happily,\s\do11(happy))toseethatpeoplegivetheirhandstotheoldandtheweak,butsomenegativeexamplesalsoexistatthesametime.Ithaseq\o(∧,\s\do11(been))reportedthatmanypeoplesaweq\o(the,\s\do11(a))womanwasjumpingoffabridge.Buttheynotjusttookouttheircellphonesandtookeq\o(picture,\s\do11(pictures)).Noonetriedtostopher.Itisapityeq\o(what,\s\do11(that))peoplebecomesocold-blooded.Iftheycouldpersuadeheroutofkillingeq\o(her,\s\do11(herself)),theywouldbesuccessfulinstoppingthet