Unit+3+Grammar+and+usage+定語從句 高中英語牛津譯林版（2020）必修第一冊

Unit3GettingalongwithothersGrammarandusage定語從句英語的定語（attribute/modifier)一.什么是定語？定義：定語是用來修飾、限定、說明名詞或代詞的品質(zhì)與特征的。二、什么可以充當(dāng)定語？通常由形容詞、代詞、名詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、動名詞、分詞或定語從句等擔(dān)任。ObservingforrulesLead-inSheisabeautifulgirl.Amyisawomanteacher.Thegirlinredismysister.Ihavesomethingtosay.Theboymakingfaceismyson.Japanisadevelopedcountry.形容詞名詞介詞短語不定式現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞定語Whatisattributive(定語)?修飾、限定和說明名詞或代詞的詞是定語。除了形容詞可以充當(dāng)定語之外，名詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，副詞，介詞短語，動詞不定式，分詞等也可充當(dāng)定語。5中文的定語位置？如：美麗的花園；采蘑菇的小姑娘；來自高一1班的學(xué)生；那個打籃球很棒的孩子；英語的定語位置？AbeautifulgardenAlittlegirlpickingupmushroomThestudentfromClassOneSenior1Thekidwhoisgoodatplayingbasketball一般前置Beforeorafter?整理ppt6三、定語的位置：定語的位置一般有兩種：單詞(adj.pron;n)作定語時通常放在它所修飾的詞之前，作前置定語。短語（介詞短語和動詞短語）、副詞和從句作定語時則放在所修飾的詞之后，作后置定語。friendlyThe

girlismyfriend.The

girlwhoisfriendlyismyfriend.跟在一個名詞或代詞后進(jìn)行修飾限定的句子，就叫做定語從句。單詞句子可以相互轉(zhuǎn)換Theman

wholivesnexttoussellsvegetables.先行詞定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語從句代替先行詞在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個成分(主、賓、定語)定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)定語從句修飾名詞或代詞緊跟在先行詞后定語從句定義結(jié)構(gòu)定語從句關(guān)系詞修飾名詞或代詞的句子先行詞關(guān)系詞被修飾的名詞或代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞who/whom/that/whichwhosewhen/where/whyExploretherulesFindthesentenceswithrestrictiverelativeclausesinthearticleonpage34.Arealfriendissomeonewhowalksin…

Arealfriendissomeonewhosesupportwecancount

on.Arealfriendissomeonewhoseesourtrueself……notjustthefacethatweshowtotheworld.…themoderntoolsthatkeepusconnected……thefriendswhomwelove.…thevalueswhichmattermosttous.…theconnectionwhichweshare.Haveatry指出關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中的成份：1.ThemanwhocametoourschoolisMr.Wang.()2.Thegirl(whom)ImetisLucy.()3.AchildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledTom.()4.Ilikethebook(which)youboughtyesterday.()主語賓語

定語賓語TheboywhobrokethewindowisTom.Heisthemanwhowearewaitingfor.Thisistheteacherwhomwelikebest.Observeandthink--whoandwhomwho指人，充當(dāng)從句主語和賓語，whom指人，只充當(dāng)從句賓語(可以省略)。賓語主語賓語whom用于指人，作賓語。Sheisthegirlwho/whomIwillgotoShanghaiwith.她就是要和我一起去上海的那個女孩。Theperson

towhomyoujusttalkedisMiss.Deng.剛剛和你談話的人是鄧女士。做賓語時可以用who替代，但是！但介詞在關(guān)系代詞前時，只能用介詞+whomObserveandthink--thatandwhichAplaneisamachinethatcanfly.HeisthemanthatItoldyouabout.Heisreadingabookwhichistoodifficultforhim.Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?that

指人或物，作主語或賓語（作賓語可省略）which指物，作主語或賓語（作賓語可省略，若介詞提前則不可?。┲髡Z賓語主語賓語注意：that作介詞的賓語時，介詞不能放它的前面，只能放在從句中動詞的后面。例如：Thecitythatshelives

inisveryfaraway.她居住的城市非常遠(yuǎn)。thatObserveandthink--whoseThisisthebook

whosecoverisblue.Thisisthebookofwhichthecoverisblue.ThegirlwhosehairisgoldenisAmy.Thegirlofwhomthehairisgolden

isAmy.whose

表示先行詞與whose后的名詞為所屬關(guān)系，在定語從句中做定語。可指人或物，可與ofwhich/whom互換。主句從句=thebook’s從句=thegirl’s指代內(nèi)容所做成分是否可省略thatwhichwhowhomwhose關(guān)系代詞的用法人；物物人人(人/物)的主語,賓語主語,賓語主語,賓語賓語定語作賓語可省作賓語可省作賓語可省可省不可省先行詞被不定代詞修飾或先行詞是不定代詞本身。All

thatcanbedonehasbeendone.先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾或先行詞是形容詞最高級本身。ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.Attention1.that和which在指物的情況下一般都可以互換，但在下列情況下，一般只用that而不用which。先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾或先行詞是序數(shù)詞本身。。Thefirstthing

thatweshoulddoistoworkharderandharder.先行詞既有人，又有物Wetalkedaboutthepersonandthings

thatweremembered.句中已有疑問詞who或者which時，避免重復(fù)。Whoisthemanthatismakingaspeech.先行詞被表示特指的詞修飾，如theonly,thesame,thevery等。ThenecklaceisnottheonlythingthatIlost.關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時。I’mlookingforaboxinwhichIcanputalltheseeggs.在非限制性定語從句中。MybrotherwenttoTsinghuaUniversity,whichweareallproudof.

先行詞就是that時。Idon’tlikethat

whichhedid.關(guān)系代詞后有插入語時。HereistheEnglishgrammarbookwhich,asI’vetoldyou,willhelpimproveyourEnglish.2.that和which在指物的情況下一般都可以互換，但在下列情況下，一般只用which而不用that。1.Thisisall__________Iknowabouttheaccident.2.Heistheonlyman__________Icanfindforthework.3.Youmustwatcheverythingcarefully__________theteacherdoesinclass.4.Isthehouse___________hewantedtosellverybig?5.Thisisoneofthemostexcitingfootballgames__________Ihaveeverseen.6.Isawadeskon__________therewasabook.小試牛刀thatthatthatthat∕whichthatwhich當(dāng)先行詞為人稱代詞he，she，they或one,ones,anyone，nobody等指人的不定代詞時。Hewhoplaysatrickmustbepreparedtotakeajoke.?；ㄕ械娜吮囟〞艿綉蚺hereisnobody

whohasnoshortcomings.沒有缺點(diǎn)的人是沒有的。One

whoputhisheartintoitissuretosucceed.專心致志的人一定會成功。3.that和who在指人的情況下一般都可以互換，但在下列情況下，一般只用who而不用that。當(dāng)指人的先行詞是those，或者被those修飾的時候。Those

whoworkhardaresuretoearnmoremoney.工作努力的人一定掙更多錢。Heisoneofthosemen

whoalwaysmaketheworstoftheirtrouble.他是那些老是把困難往最壞處想的人之一。當(dāng)指人的先行詞是序數(shù)詞或者被序數(shù)詞修飾時。Heisthethirdman

whowitnessedthemurder.他是這起謀殺案第三位見證者。Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中先行詞指人時。Thereisabeautifulgirl

whowantstoseeyou.有位漂亮的女孩想見你。如果開頭的疑問代詞是who，為了避免重復(fù)，定語從句用that引導(dǎo)。（在特殊疑問句中）Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate？當(dāng)先行詞為疑問代詞who，which時。Who

thatknowshismisfortunecanhelpfeelinganinterestinhim？凡是了解她的不幸的人，誰能不關(guān)心他呢？4.that和who在指人的情況下一般都可以互換，但在下列情況下，一般只用that而不用who。當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作表語或者賓語補(bǔ)足語的時候，要用thatHeisnolongerthemanthat

hewas.他已經(jīng)不是過去的他了。當(dāng)先行詞同時包含人和物的時候。Thebikeanditsrider

thathadrunover（撞倒）anoldmanweretakentothepolicestation.撞倒老人的自行車和車主已經(jīng)被帶到警察局。如何選用定語從句的關(guān)系詞1.首先分清主句和定語從句2.確定定語從句的先行詞3.把先行詞代回到定語從句中去，看其在定語從句中做什么語法成分（主語，賓語，定語或狀語）4.若先行詞在從句中做主語、賓語或定語則選擇關(guān)系代詞，若在從句中做狀語，則選擇關(guān)系副詞。Arestrictiverelativeclausemodifiesanoun,pronounornounphrasebeforeit.Weuserelativepronounsorrelativeadverbstointroducerestrictiverelativeclauses.Weuse(1)________forthings,and(2)________andwhomforpeople.Wecanuse(3)_______forboththingsandpeople.Weuse(4)_________toshowpossession.whichwhothatwhoseWorkingouttherules1.Thehospital__________wasbuiltfiveyearsagohasbeenmodernized.2.Thisistheboy_______fatherdiedthreeyearsago.3.Thefilm__________wesawthedaybeforeyesterdayisveryinteresting.4.Doyouknowthestudent________waspraisedatthemeeting?5.HereareplayersfromJapan,someof_______areouroldfriends.Practicemakesperfectwhich/thatwhosewhich/thatwho/thatwhom6.Isatnexttoagirl________namewasDiana.7.Ilovedthelessons__________shegaveinEnglishLiterature.8.SomeofthecitiesinChina_________helikesmostareBeijing,Shanghai,HarbinandNanjing.9.Mostofthestudents______hetaughthavebecomehisfriends.10.NeilArmstrongistheperson

______madepeoplearound

theworldrealizethatspaceexplorationwastrulypossible.whose(which/that)(which/that)whomwhoTheplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.Theplaneisamachinethatcanfly.定語從句先行詞ObservingandSummarizing關(guān)系詞ObservingandSummarizingPeppaPigisacartoon.Itispopularwithchildrenworldwide.PeppaPigisacartoonwhichispopularwithchildren.定語從句ObservingandSummarizingHeisapopularsinger.Hissongispopularamongyoungpeople.He

isapopularsingerwhosesongispopularamongyoungpeople.Rewritethefollowingsentencesusingrestrictiverelativeclauses.1.Commoninterestsproviderichground.Manyfriendshipsgrowfromrichground.Commoninterestsproviderichground______________________________________.2.Whenfriends’communicationiswarmandopen,friendshipsgrowbest.Friendshipsgrowbestbetweenfriends_____________________________________.fromwhichmanyfriendshipsgrowwhosecommunicationiswarmandopen3.Friendshipsarelikeflowers.Theseflowersneedtobetakengoodcareof.Friendshipsarelikeflowers

_______________________________________.4.Arelationshipwithatruefriendwillsurelyproducefruit.Youcancountonatruefriend.Arelationshipwithatruefriend_______________________________willsurelyproducefruit.which/thatneedtobetakengoodcareof(whom/that/who)youcancounton5.Youhavebeenhelpedbyothers.Tomakefriends,youshouldhelpothersinthesameway.Tomakefriends,youshouldhelpotherstheway_________________________________.thatyouhavebeenhelpedbyothersB2Thepassagebelowisaboutfriendshipinagreatnovel.Completethepassagewithcorrectrelativepronounswherenecessary.that/whichwhosewho/thatwhich/that/省略whichwho/that/whom/省略who/that1、Doyouknowtheman___istalkingwithyourfather?A.whoseB.whoC.which2、Theboys___theteachertalkedtoarefromClassOne.A.whenB.whichC.who3、Those___wanttogotothemuseummustbeattheschoolgateat7tomorrowmorning.A.whoB.whichC.whom選擇題4.Thegentleman___youtoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.A.whoB.aboutwhomC.whom5.Thedoctor___youarelookingforisintheroom.A.whomB.whatC.which6.

Theteacherfor____youarewaitinghascome.A.whoB.whomC.that7.Achild___parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.A.whichB.hisC.whose8.Thisbookisforthestudents___native(本國的)languageisnotEnglish.A.thatB.ofwhomC.whose9.Theboy___compositionwonthefirstprizeistheyoungestinthegroup.A.whoB.whoseC.that10、Hepreferstoeattherice___inthesouth.A.whoisgrownB.

whichisgrownC.whenisgrown11、Theknife___Icuttheapplewithcan’tbefound.A.whichB.whoC.what12、Theroomin___therearemanybooksismine.A.thatB.whoC.which13、Thisisthepen____heboughtyesterday.A.whichB.whoC.when14.All_____isneededisasupplyofoil.A.whichB.thatC.what15.Finally,thethiefhandedeverything____hehadstolentothepolice.A.whichB.whatC.that16.It’sthemostboringfilm___Ihaveeverseen.A.whichB.thatC.whose17.Thisisthefirstcar___arrivedthismorning.A.whichB.whoC.that18.Iknowallpeople___arefromthatvillage.A.whoB.thatC.whose19.Thereisnowater___isneededbadly.A.whichB.whoC.that20.Pleasetakeanyseat___isfree.A.whichB.thatC.inwhich21.Thatistheverybook___Iwaslookingfor.A.whoB.thatC.which22.Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlything___heowns.A.whoB.thatC.which23.Thespeakerspokeofsomewritersandsomebooks___werepopularthen.A.whoB.thatC.which24.Whoistheworker___tooksomepicturesofthefactory.A.whoB.thatC.which做題一般步驟：1.確定先行詞：空格之前的單詞或詞組2.將先行詞帶入定語從句，還原從句為完整句子3.根據(jù)先行詞在還原句中的成分確定引導(dǎo)詞步驟二步驟三Thegirl做主語=who/that步驟一先行詞thegirl，帶入從句Sheisthegirl____likessinging.whoThegirllikessinging.填空題1.Ihaveafriend________likeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.who/thatwhich/thatwhose3.Theman______legbrokeinamatchusedtobeafootballplayer.2.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress__________Igaveher.4.Myparentsliveinahouse__________ismorethan100yearsold.5.Theboywith_______Jo