2023年考研外語命題預(yù)測試卷5

考研外語命題預(yù)測試卷5

一、UseofEnglish

1、GregFocker,playedbyBenStiller,representsa

generationofAmericankids(1)inthe1980sonthe

philosophythatanyachievement,howeverslight,(2)a

ribbon.(3)replacedpunishment;criticismbecameadirty

word.InTexas,teacherswereadvisedto(4)usingredink,

thecolourof(5).InCalifornia,ataskforcewassetup

to(6)theconceptofselfworthintotheeducationsystem.

Swathingyoungstersina(7)shieldofself-esteem,went

thephilosophy,wouldprotectthemfromthenastythingsinlife,

suchasbadschoolgrades,underagesex,drugabuse,dead-end

jobsandcriminality.

(8)thattheninth-placeribbonsareindangerof

stranglingthe(9)childrentheyweresupposedtohelp.

America,s(10)withself-esteem一likealldevelopmentsin

psychology,itgradually(11)itswaytoBritain一has

turnedchildrenwhowere(12)with(13)intoadults

who(14)ateventhemildestbrickbats.Manybelievethat

thefeel-goodculturehasrisenatthe(15)oftraditional

education,anopinionespousedinanewbook,DumbingDownOur

Kids:WhyAmericanChildrenFeelGoodAboutThemselvesBut

Can'tRead,Write,orAdd,bytheconservativecommentator

CharlesSykes.

Notonlythat,butthefoundations(16)whichthe

self-esteemindustryisbuiltarebeing(17)asdecidedly

shaky.RoyBaumeister,professorofpsychologyatFloridaState

Universityandonceaself-esteementhusiast,isnow(18)

arevisionofthepopulistorthodoxy."Afteralltheseyears,

I'msorrytosay,myrecommendationisthis:forget,about

self-esteemand(19)moreonself-controland

self-discipline”,hewroterecently."Recentworksuggests

thiswouldbegoodfortheindividualandgoodforsociety—and

mightevenbeableto(20)someofthosepromisesthat

self-esteemoncemadebutcouldnotkeep”.

A.born

B.cared

C.yielded

D.reared

2、(2)

A.preserved

B.deserved

C.reserved

D.conserved

3、⑶

A.Apprehension

B.Plausibility

C.Approval

D.Resentment

4、(4)

A.forbid

B.ban

C.avoid

D.evade

5、(5)

A.reproach

B.apprehension

C.error

D.mistake

6、(6)

A.reject

B.inject

C.project

D.deject

43

7、(7)

A.sturdy

B.elastic

C.flexible

D.smooth

8、(8)

A.Now

B.Despite

C.For

D.Except

9、⑼

A.exactly

B.very

C.specific

D.special

10、(10)

A.possession

B.repulsion

C.obsession

D.compulsion

11、(H)

A.wandered

4

B.came

C.filtered

D.went

12、(12)

A.packed

B.scrambled

C.filled

D.showered

13、(13)

A.compliments

B.complacency

C.flattering

D.boast

14、(14)

A.fumble

B.crumple

C.stumble

D.stagger

15、(15)

A.fare

B.expenditure

C.expense

目5

D.risk

16、(16)

A.for

B.on

C.to

D.in

17、(17)

A.supposed

B.composed

C.disposed

D.exposed

18、(18)

A.deciding

B.forcing

C.pioneering

D.imposing

19、(19)

A.put

B.cut

C.condense

D.concentrate

20、(20)

6

A.fill

B.take

C.commit

D.bring

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

Violentlyricsinsongsincreaseaggression-relatedthoughts

andemotionsandcouldindirectlycreateamorehostilesocial

environment,astudyreleasedonSundaybyaU.S.psychology

associationfound.TheWashingtonD.C.-basedAmerican

PsychologicalAssociation(APA)releasedthestudy,resulting

fromfiveexperimentsinvolvingover500collegestudents,in

theMayissueoftheJournalofPersonalityandSocial

Psychology.

Theviolentsongsincreasedfeelingsofhostilitywithout

provocationorthreat,accordingtothestudy.Itsaidthe

effectwasnottheresultofdifferencesinmusicalstyle,

specificperformingartistorarousalpropertiesofthesongs.

Eventhehumorousviolentsongsincreasedaggressivethoughts,

thestudysaid.

Thegroupsaidthestudycontradictsapopularnotionthat

listeningtoangry,violentmusicactuallyservesasapositive

catharsisforpeople.

Themusicindustrycameundercriticismfromlawmakersin

Octoberforfailingtousemoredescriptiveparentaladvisory

labelsthatspecifywhetherthemusiccontainssex,violence

orstronglanguage.

ButtheRecordingIndustryAssociationofAmerica(RIAA)has

saidthatcurrentCDlabelsgiveparentsenoughinformation

withoutviolatingtherighttofreeexpression.TheRIAAisthe

tradegroupfortheworld'sfivebiglabels,includingAOLTime

WarnerInc.,EMIGroupPlc.,BertelsmannAG,Vivendi

UniversaTsUniversalMusicandSonyCorp.

ResultsoftheAPA'sexperimentsshowedthatviolentsongsled

tomoreaggressiveinterpretationsofambiguouslyaggressive

wordsandincreasedtherelativespeedwithwhichpeopleread

aggressiveversusnon-aggressivewords."Such

aggression-biasedinterpretationscan,inturn,instigatea

moreaggressiveresponse,verbalorphysical,thanwouldhave

beenemittedinanonbiasedstate,thusprovokinganaggressive

escalatoryspiralofantisocialexchanges”,saidresearcher

CraigAnderson,inastatement.

Whileresearcherssaidrepeatedexposuretoviolentlyrics

couldindirectlycreateamorehostilesocialenvironment,they

saiditwaspossibletheeffectsofviolentsongsmaylastonly

afairlyshorttime.

AccordingtothestudybyAPA,intensifiedaggressionhad

nothingtodowith.

A.actualperformersofmusic

B.amorehostileenvironment

C.feelingsofhostility

D.violenthumorsofthesongs

2、

Theword"catharsis"inPara.3mostprobablymeans.

A.anunpopularnotion

B.theremovalofstrongfeelings

C.anincreaseofaggressiveemotions

D.theoverreactiontoviolentlyrics

3、

Whichofthe'followingstatementsistrue?

A.Theresearchers，workwasunpopularbecauseofitsbiased

conclusions.

B.Themusicindustrywasaccusedofunclearspecificationof

thenatureofthesongs.

C.ThecurrentCDlabelsfailedtospecifywhetherthemusic

isappropriateforyouth.

D.Themusicindustrywouldhavetoyieldtothepressurefrom

thepoliticians.

4、

CraigAndersonwouldprobablyagreethat.

A.therelationbetweenviolentmusicandaggressivethoughts

wasambiguous

B.moreexperimentswereneededtojustifytheresults

achievedsofar

C.antisocialexchangescouldbeultimatelyattributedto

violentsongs

D.nonbiasedinterpretationsmightcausemoreaggressive

socialresponses

5、

Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat.

A.somemusicalstyleswouldleadtoashortperiodof

increasedsocialhostility

B.researchersweredividedaboutthefundamentalcausesof

aggressiveemotions

C.parentsneedn，tworryalotabouttheirkids'occasional

exposuretoviolentsongs

D.musicindustrywouldhavetobemorealerttoviolentwords

initsmusic

6、Thebiggestdangerfacingtheglobalairlineindustryis

nottheeffectsofterrorism,war,SARSandeconomicdownturn.

Itisthattheseblows,whichhavehelpedgroundthreenational

flagcarriersandforcetwoAmericanairlinesintobankruptcy,

willdivertattentionfromtheinherentweaknessesofaviation,

whichtheyhaveexacerbated.Asinthecrisisthatattendedthe

firstGulfWar,manyairlineshopethattrafficwillsoonbounce

back,andafewcatastrophicyearswillbefollowedbyfuller

planes,happierpassengersandareturntoprofitability.Yet

theindustry'sproblemsaredeeper一andolder一thanthetrauma

ofthepasttwoyearsimplies.

Asthecentenaryofthefirstpoweredflightapproachesin

December,theindustryitlaunchedisstillremarkably

primitive.Thecarindustry,creatednotlongaftertheWright

Brothersmadehistory,isnowaglobalindustrydominatedby

adozenfirms,atleasthalfofwhichmakegoodprofits.Yet

commercialaviationconsistsof267internationalcarriersand

another500-plusdomesticones.Theworld'sbiggestcarrier,

AmericanAirlines,hasbarely7%oftheglobalmarket,whereas

theworld;sbiggestcarmaker,GeneralMotors,has(withits

associatedfirms)aboutaquarteroftheworld'sautomobile

market.

Aviationhasbeenincompletelyderegulated,andinonlytwo

markets:AmericaandEurope.Everywhereelse,governments

dictatewhofliesunderwhatrules.Theseaimtopreserve

state-ownednationalflag-carriers,runforprestigerather

thanprofit.Andnumerousrestrictionsonforeignownership

impedecross-borderairlinemergers.

InAmerica,thebignetworkcarriersfacebarrierstoexit,

whichhavekepttheirroutenetworkstoolarge.Tradeunions

resistingjobcutsandCongressmenopposingrouteclosuresin

theirterritoryconspiretoblockchange.InEurope,

liberalizationislimitedbybilateraldealsthatprevent,for

instance,BritishAirways(BA)flyingtoAmericafromFrankfurt

orParis,orLufthansaofferingtransatlanticflightsfrom

London，sHeathrow.Tousethecarindustryanalogy,itisas

ifonlyRenaultswereallowedtodriveonFrenchmotorways.

Inairlines,theoptimistsarethosewhothinkthatthingsare

nowsohadthattheindustryhasnooptionbuttoevolve.

FrederickReid,presidentofDeltaAirLines,saidearlierthis

yearthateventssincetheSeptember11thattacksarethe

equivalentofameteorstrike,changingtheclimate,creating

asortofnuclearwinterandleadingtoa"compressed

evolutionarycycle”.Sohow,lookingonthebrightside,might

theindustrylookafterfiveyearsofaccelerateddevelopment?

Accordingtotheauthor,thedeeperproblemsofaviation

industry.

A.aretheeffectsofvariousdisasters

B.areactuallynotfullyrecognized

C.areattractingalotofattention

D.arenottherealcauseofairlines'bankruptcy

7、

Oneofthefactsthatreflecttheprimitivenessofairline

industryis.

A.itshistoryismuchlongerthanthatofcarindustry

B.itiscomposedofinternationalanddomesticcarriers

C.itsmarketisdividedbymanyarelativelysmallcarrier

D.itisstillanindustryofcomparativelylowprofits

8、

Whatdoestheauthormeanby“Aviationhasbeenincompletely

deregulated...(Para.3)?

A.Governmentalrestrictionsarestillimposedonaviation

industryinmanyareas.

B.Governmentshelpestablishrulesforaviationindustry

onlyinAmericaandEurope.

C.Somecountrieshopetohelptheirnationalcarrierskeep

uptheirnationalprestige.

D.Manycountriesdiscouragemergerplansbetweenforeignand

domesticcarriers.

9、

Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.

A.freecompetitionmayhelpsolvetheproblemsconfronting

aviationindustry

B.problemsinAmericaaremoreofapoliticalnaturethanthat

inEurope

C.carindustryshouldexertamorepowerfulinfluenceon

aviationindustry

D.thereisstillalongwaytogobeforetheproblemscanbe

solved

10、

AccordingtoFredrickReid,theaviationindustry.

A.isfacingaveryserioussituation

B.willconfrontadifficultevolution

C.hasnowayoutofthepresentdifficulty

D.willexperiencearadicalreform

11、Inthecollege-admissionswars,weparentsarethetrue

fighters.We'repushingourkidstogetgoodgrades,takeSAT

preparatorycoursesandbuildresumessotheycangetintothe

collegeofourfirstchoice.Wesayourmotivesareselfless

andsensible.AdegreefromStanfordorPrincetonistheticket

forlife.IfAaronandNicoledon'tgetin,they'reforever

doomed.Gosh,we'redelusional.

I,vetwicebeentothewars,andasIsurveythebattlefield,

somethingdifferentishappening.It'stheone-upmanshipamong

parents.Weseeourkids'collegeratingasmedalsprovinghow

wel1orhowpoorlywe'veraisedthem.Butwecan'tacknowledge

thatourobsessionismoreaboutusthanthem.Sowe've

contrivedvariousjustificationsthatturnouttobe

half-truths,prejudicesormyths.Itactuallydoesn'tmatter

muchwhetherAaronandNicolegotoStanford.

Admissionsanxietyafflictsonlyaminorityofparents.It's

truethatgettingintocollegehasgenerallybecometougher

becausethenumberofhigh-schoolgraduateshasgrown.From

1994to2022,theincreaseis28percent.Still,64percentof

freshmenattendschoolswhereacceptanceratesexceed70

percent,andtheapplicationsurgeateliteschoolsdwarfs

populationgrowth.TakeYale.In1994,itaccepted18.9percent

of12,991applicants;thisyearitadmittedonly8.6percent

of21,000.

Wehaveafull-blownprestigepanic;weworrythattherewon't

beenoughmedalstogoaround.Fearfulparentsprodtheir

childrentoapplytomoreschoolsthanever."Theepicenters

(ofparentalanxiety)usedtobeonthecoasts,Boston,NewYork,

Washington,LosAngeles”,saysTomParker,Amherst's

admissionsdean."Butit'sradiatedthroughoutthecountry”.

Underlyingthehysteriaisthebeliefthatscarceelitedegrees

mustbehighlyvaluable.Theirgraduatesmustenjoymore

successbecausetheygetabettereducationanddevelopbetter

contacts.Allthat,splausibleandmostlywrong."Wehaven't

foundanyconvincingevidencethatselectivityorprestige

matters”,saysErnestT.PascarellaoftheUniversityofIowa,

coauthorof“HowCollegeAffectsStudents”,an827

evaluationofhundredsofstudiesofthecollegeexperience.

Selectiveschoolsdon'tsystematicallyemploybetter

instructionalapproachesthanless-selectiveschools,

accordingtoastudybyPascarellaandGeorgeKuhofIndiana

University.Somedo;somedon't.Ontwomeasuresprofessors5

feedbackandthenumberofessayexamsselectiveschoolsdo

slightlyworse.

Intheauthor'seyes,parentspushingtheirkidstoanelite

degreeare.

A.aggressive

B.misguided

C.reasonable

D.failing

12、

Wecaninferfromthesecondparagraphthat.

A.theauthorusedtoserveinthearmy

B.kidspoorlybroughtupmayhopetobeaccepted

C.thereisaseverecompetitionbetweenpoorlyandwellbred

kids

D.failuretobeadmittedbyselectiveschoolsmayreflect

badlyonparents

13、

Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext?

A.Mostparentsfeelcertainthattheirkidswillbeaccepted

byacollege.

B.Highschoolgraduatesfinditdifficulttobeadmittedinto

acollege.

C.Fewerhighschoolgraduatesapplytoeliteschoolsthan

before.

D.Parentsonthecoastsaremoreworriedabouttheirkids'

admission.

14、

AccordingtoErnestT.Pascarella,eliteschools.

A.donotliveuptotheirprestige

B.arenotrighttoselecttheirapplicants

C.donotensureastudent'ssuccess

D.arenotstrictlyselective

15、

Allofthefollowingwordsareusedtodescribetheauthor's

viewsofparentsEXCEPT.

A.anxiety

B.delusional

C.obsession

D.sensible

16、TheU.S,SupremeCourt,sdecisionMondaytoletstanda

rulinginanonlinedefamationcasewillmakeitmoredifficult

todeterminecorrectlegaljurisdictionsinotherInternet

cases,legalexpertssaid.

Byoptingnottotakethecase,thehighcourteffectively

endorsedalowercourt(sdecisionthataColoradocompanythat

postsratingsofhealthplansontheInternetcouldbesuedfor

defamationinaWashingtoncourt.Thelowercourtrulingisone

不______Q

q18

ofseveralthatmakesiteasierforplaintiffstosueWebsite

operatorsintheirownjurisdictions,ratherthanwherethe

operatorsmaintainaphysicalpresence.

ThecaseinvolvedadefamationsuitfiledbyChehalis,

Wash,-basedNorthwestHealthcareAllianceagainstLakewood,

Colo,-basedHealthgrades,com.TheAlliancesuedinWashington

federal,courtafterHealthgrades,compostedanegative

rankingofNorthwestHealthcare，shomehealthservicesonthe

Internet.Healthgrades,comarguedthatitshouldnotbesubject

tothejurisdictionofacourtinWashingtonbecauseits

publishingoperationisinColorado.

ObserverssaidthefactthattheSupremeCourtoptednottohear

thecaseonlycloudsthelegalsituationforWebsiteoperators.

GeoffStewart,apartneratJonesDayinWashington,D.C.,said

thattheSupremeCourteventuallymustactontheissue,as

Internetsitesthatrateeverythingfromautomobile

dealershipstocreditofferscouldscalebacktheirofferings

toavoidlawsuitsoriginatingnumerousjurisdictions.

Onlinepublishersalsomighthavetoworryaboutbeingdragged

intolawsuitsinforeigncourts,saidDowLohnesAlbertson

attorneyJonHart,whohasrepresentedtheOnlineNews

Association.

“ThemuchmoredifficultproblemsforU.S.mediacompanies

arisewhenclaimsarebroughtinforeigncountriesovercontent

publishedintheUnitedStates”,Hartsaid.Hartcitedarecent

caseinwhichanAustraliancourtruledthatDowJonesmust

appearinaVictoria,Australiacourttodefenditspublication

ofallarticleontheU.S.-basedWallStreetJournalWebsite.

AccordingtoHart,thepotentialchillingeffectofthosesorts

ofjurisdictionaldecisionsissubstantial."Ihavenotyet

seenpublishersholdingbackonwhattheyotherwisepublish

becausethey'reafraidthey*regoingtogetsuedinanother

country,butthatdoesn'tmeanitwon'thappenifweseearash

ofU.S.libelcasesagainstU.S.mediacompaniesbeingbrought

inforeigncountries”,hesaid.

Untilthehighcourtdecidestoweighindirectlyonthisissue,

Websiteoperatorsthatofferinformationandservicestousers

locatedoutsideoftheirhomestatesmustdealwithathorny

legallandscape,saidJohnMorgan,apartneratPerkinsCole

LLPandanexpertinInternetlaw.

TheauthorseemstobelievethattheSupremeCourt'sdecision

A.putsWebsiteoperatorsatalegaldisadvantage

B.renderscorrectlegaldecisionsinothercasesimpossible

C.bringsaboutaseriesofincorrectlegalrulings

D.causesoperatorstoissuebalancedhealthplans

17、

Healthgrades,comclaimedthatitshouldn'tbesuedin

Washingtonbecause.

A.itsheadquartersareinColorado

B.itdoesn,thaveaphysicalpresenceinWashington

C.itsratingdidn'thaveaharmfuleffectonthecompany

D.itsoperationwascarriedoutinWashingtonarea

18、

AccordingtoGeoffStewart,thehighcourt'sdecisionwill

A.makefurtheractsonthisissuedifficult

B.originatenumerousofferingsofjurisdictions

C.causeInternetsitestobemorecautiousintheirofferings

D.makeprovidersofinformationgocrazy

19、

HartcitedacaseinanAustraliancourttoindicatethat

A.thehighcourtshouldweighinimmediatelyontheissue

B.problemsforAmericanmediacompaniesaregettingmore

difficult

C.thejurisdictionaldecisionwillhaveachillingeffecton

companies

D.Americanonlinepublishersmightbesuedinforeigncourts

20、

Theauthorwritesthispassagemainlytoshowthat.

A.theSupremeCourt'srulingisincorrect

B.legalproblemsarefarfromover

C.Internetlegalbordersarestillnotclear

D.uncertaintiesexistaboutvalidityofWebsites

21、PartB(10points)

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.For

Questions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelist(A、

C、D、E>F、G...)tofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.

Thereareseveralextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthe

gaps.(10points)

ThestartofmonetaryunioninEuropeisanexcitingevent.

Thereislittledoubtthatitcanunleashanewdynamicof

enterpriseandgrowthbenefitingallofus.(41).

Euro-landfacestheserisksbecauseitisstillanincomplete

andunfinishedproject.Itisincompletebecause,while

monetarypolicieswillnowbeconductedattheEuropeanlevel,

theothertoolsofmacroeconomicmanagementremainfirmlyin

thehandsofnationalauthorities.Itisunfinishedbecausethe

EuropeanCentralBank(ECB)itselfhasbeenlefthandicapped

intheeventofmajorfinancialcrises

(42).Theseconflictswillberaisedwheneconomic

conditionsdivergewithinEuro-land.Inevitably,the

difficultiesincoordinatingdifferentnationalpolicieswith

themonetarypolicyoftheECBwillcreatetensionsand

disagreement.Ofcourse,thesamethinghappenswithinanation

betweenthenationalcentralbankandthegovernment.Butthe

intensityoftheconflictislikelytobegreaterinEuro-land

becausethenationalgovernmentsbearpoliticalresponsibility

fordeterioratingeconomicconditions,whereastheECBwillbe

somefarawayinstitutionwithoutpoliticalaccountability.

TheECBitselfwillbehandicappedbythefactthatanessential

partofmonetarypolicies一banksupervisionandcontrol,has

beenlefttonationalauthorities,includingnationalbanks.

Thiswillnotmattermuchintimesoffinancialstability.But

inperiodsoffinancialupheaval,whichinevitablywilloccur,

itcouldhaveasubstantialimpact.TheECBwillthenlackthe

informationandinstrumentstoactquickly.Thismayverywell

exacerbatethecrisis.

Historytellsusthatmonetaryunificationmustbepartofa

whole.Onecannotsimplycentralizemonetarydecision-making

withoutatthesametimecentralizingtheotherpartsof

macroeconomicmanagement.Andthefactisthatcrucialparts

ofthelatterhaveremainedinthehandsofthenationstates

inEurope.InasenseonecansaythatthestartofEuro-land

islikeamoveintoanewandbeautifulhouse,which

unfortunately,doesnotyethavearoof.

So,wheredoesthatleadus?Twopossiblescenariosemerge,an

optimisticandapessimisticone.(43).

Thesecondscenarioislessidyllic.Europeancitizensresist

furtherattemptstotransferpowertoEuropeaninstitutions.

Euro-landlingersinitsunfinishedstate.Economicstormsstir

rancorbetweentheECBandthenationalgovernments,andamong

thenationalgovernmentsthemselves.Insteadofanoasisof

monetarystability,Euro-landbecomesasourceofinstability.

TheEurowouldnotbecomethestrongandstablecurrencythat

somanyobserversexpectittobe.(44).

Whichofthetwoscenariosisthemorelikely?(45).These

donotexist.Oneconclusion,however,canbedrawn.If

Euro-landfailstomoveforwardtowardpoliticalunion,itwill

notlast.

A.Thesimplefactthatmonetarypolicieswillbegovernedby

aEuropeaninstitutionwhilefiscalpoliciesremaininthe

handsofthenationalgovernmentscreatestheriskofserious

conflictsbetweengovernmentsandtheECB.

B.ButtheintroductionoftheEuroisalsorepletewithrisks.

Thereareworthkeepinginmindevenaschampagnebottlesare

uncorkedincelebration.

C.TheECBwasdeeplystirredbyeconomicreasonsraisedfrom

nationalgovernments.

D.Onthecontrary,itwouldbeweakandnomatchforthedollar.

E.Intheoptimisticversion,Europeanleadersrealizethe

unfinishednatureoftheEMUprojectandactquicklytounify

theotherpartsofmacro

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26^PartC

Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthen

translatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)

Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatethe

underlinessegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbe

writtenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.@(10points)

(46)The