2023年考研外語考前沖刺試卷12

考研外語考前沖刺試卷12

一、UseofEnglish

1>TheprofessortalkedtoAmericanandBrazilianstudents

aboutlatenessinbothaninformalandaformalsituation:lunch

withafriendandinauniversityclass,respectively.Hegave

themanexampleandaskedthemhowtheywould(1)ifthey

hadalunchappointmentwithafriend,theaverageAmerican

student(2)latenessas19minutesafterthe(3)time.

Ontheotherhand,theaverageBrazilianstudentfeltthefriend

waslateafter33minutes.

InanAmericanuniversity,studentsareexpectedtoarriveat

theappointed(4)Classesnotonlybegin,butalsoendat

the(5)timeintheUnitedStates.IntheBrazilianclass,

onlyafewstudentslefttheclassatnoon;many(6)_____past

12:30todiscussquestions.(7)arrivinglatemaynotbe

veryimportantinBrazil,(8)isstayinglate.The

(9)forthesedifferencesiscomplicated.Peoplefrom

BrazilianandNorthAmerican(10)havedifferentfeeling

aboutlateness.InBrazil,thestudentsbelievethataperson

whousually(11)thanapersonwhoisalways(12).

Infact,Braziliansexpectapersonwith(13)orprestige

toarrivelate,whileintheUnitedStateslatenessisusually

(14)disrespectfulandunacceptable.(15),ifa

BrazilianislateforanappointmentwithaNorthAmerican,the

Americanmaymisinterpretthe(16)andbecomeangry.

Asaresultofhisstudy,theprofessorlearnedthatthe

Brazilianstudentswerenotbeing(17)tohim.Instead,

theyweresimplybehavinginthe(18)wayforaBrazilian

studentinBrazil.Eventually,theprofessorwasableto

(19)hisownbehavior,sothathecouldfeel(20)in

thenewculture.

A.reflect

B.react

C.recall

D.reply

2、(2)

A.defined

B.regarded

C.described

D.expected

3、(3)

A.discussed

B.agreed

C.decided

D.settled

4、(4)

A.instant

B.minute

C.moment

D.hour

5、(5)

A.scheduled

B.assigned

C.arranged

D.appointed

6、(6)

A.appeared

B.reported

C.remained

D.returned

7、⑺

A.When

B.Although

C.While

q3

D.Despite

8、(8)

A.either

B.neither

C.but

D.also

9、(9)

A.statement

B.situation

C.environment

D.explanation

10、(10)

A.countries

B.customs

C.cultures

D.continent

IK(H)

A.arrives

B.attends

C.remains

D.stays

12、(12)

4

A.atthetime

B.innotime

C.aheadoftime

D.ontime

13、(13)

A.position

B.career

C.status

D.title

14、(14)

A.understood

B.considered

C.granted

D.recognized

15、(15)

A.Nevertheless

B.However

C.Occasionally

D.Consequently

16、(16)

A.factor

B.cause

5

C.reason

D.excuse

17、(17)

A.disrespectful

B.unacceptable

C.informal

D.mistaken

18、(18)

A.probable

B.special

C.appropriate

D.particular

19、(19)

A.attempt

B.adapt

C.accept

D.adopt

20、(20)

A.grateful

B.precious

C.welcome

D.comfortable

6

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

Beautyhasalwaysbeenregardedassomethingpraiseworthy.

Almosteveryonethinksattractivepeoplearehappierand

healthier,havebettermarriagesandhavemorerespectable

occupations.Personalconsultantsgivethembetteradvicefor

findingjobs.Evenjudgesaresofteronattractivedefendants.

Butintheexecutivecircle,beautycanbecomealiability.

Whileattractivenessisapositivefactorforamanonhisway

uptheexecutiveladder,itisharmfultoawoman.

Handsomemaleexecutiveswereperceivedashavingmore

integritythanplainermen;effortandabilitywerethoughtto

accountfortheirsuccess.Attractivefemaleexecutiveswere

consideredtohavelessintegritythanunattractiveones;their

successwasattributednottoabilitybuttofactorssuchas

luck.

Allunattractivewomenexecutiveswerethoughttohavemore

integrityandtobemorecapablethantheattractivefemale

executives.Interestingly,though,theriseofthe

unattractiveovernightsuccesseswasattributedmoreto

personalrelationshipsandlesstoabilitythanwasthatof

attractiveovernightsuccesses.Whyareattractivewomennot

thoughttobeable?Anattractivewomanisperceivedtobemore

feminineandanattractivemanmoremasculinethantheless

attractiveones.Thus,anattractivewomanmasculineposition

appearstolackthe"masculine"qualitiesrequired.

Thisistreeeveninpolitics."Whentheonlyclueishowhe

orshelooks,peopletreatmenandwomendifferently,saysAnne

Bowman,whorecentlypublishedastudyontheeffectsof

attractivenessonpoliticalcandidates.Sheasked125

undergraduatestudentstoranktwogroupsofphotographs,one

ofmenandoneofwomen,inorderofattractiveness.The

studentsweretoldthephotographswereofcandidatesfor

politicaloffices.Theywereaskedtorankthemagain,inthe

ordertheywouldvoteforthem.Theresultsshowedthat

attractivemalesutterlydefeatedunattractivemen,butthe

womenwhohadbeenrankedmostattractiveinvariablyreceived

thefewestvotes.

Theword“l(fā)iability”(Para.1)mostprobablymeans"”.

A.misfortune

B.instability

C.disadvantage

不_____Q

q8

D.burden

2、

Intraditionallyfemalejobs,attractiveness.

A.reinforcesthefemininequalitiesrequired

B.makeswomenlookmorehonestandcapable

C.isofprimaryimportancetowomen

D.oftenenableswomentosucceedquickly

3、

Bowman'sexperimentrevealsthatwhenitcomestopolitics,

attractiveness.

A.turnsouttobeanobstacletomen

B.affectsmenandwomenalike

C.hasaslittleeffectonmenasonwomen

D.ismoreofanobstaclethanabenefittowomen

4、

Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatpeople'sviewson

beautyareoften.

A.practical

B.prejudiced

C.old-fashioned

D.radical

5、

Theauthorwritesthispassageto.

A.discussthenegativeaspectsofbeingattractive

B.giveadvicetojob-seekerswhoareattractive

C.demandequalrightsforwomen

D.emphasizetheimportanceofappearance

6、TheU.S.governmenthasrecentlyhelpedpeoplelearnmore

aboutthedangersofearthquakesbypublishingamap.Thismap

showsthechancesofanearthquakeineachpartofthecountry.

Theareasofthemapwhereearthquakesaremostlikelytooccur

arecalledearthquake“belts"wheregovernmentisspendinga

greatdealofmoneyandisworkinghardtohelpdiscoverthe

answertothesetwoquestions;

1.Canwepredictearthquakes?

2.Canwecontrolearthquakes?

Toanswerthefirstquestion,scientistsarelookingvery

closelyatthemostactivefault（斷層）systemsinthecountry,

suchastheSanAndreasfaultinCalifornia.Afaultisa.break

betweentwosectionsoftheearth'ssurface.Thesebreaks

betweensectionsaretheplaceswhereearthquakesoccur.

Scientistslookatthefaultsforchanges,whichmightshowthat

anearthquakewasabouttooccur.Butitwillprobablybemany

yearsbeforewecanpredictearthquakesaccurately.Andthe

controFofearthquakesisevenfartheraway.

Nevertheless,therehavebeensomeinterestingdevelopmentsin

thefieldofcontrollingearthquakes.Themostinteresting

developmentconcernstheRockyMountainArsenalearthquakes.

Herewaterwasputintoalayerofrocks4,000metersbelowthe

surfaceoftheground.Shortlyafterthisinjectionofwater,

therewereasmallnumberofearthquakes.Scientistshave

decidedthatthewaterwhichwasinjectedintotherocksworked

likeoi1oneachother.Whenthewater"oiled“thefault,the

faultbecameslipperyandtheenergyofanearthquakewas

released.Scientistsarestillexperimentingatthesiteof

theseearthquakes.Theyhaverealizedthatthereisa

connectionbetweentheinjectionofthewaterandthe

earthquakeactivity.Theyhavesuggestedthatitmightbe

possibletousethisknowledgetopreventverybig,destructive

earthquakes,thatis,scientistscouldinjectsomekindof

fluid-likewaterintofaultsandchangeonebigearthquakeinto

anumberofsmall,harmlessearthquakes.

Earthquakebeltsare.

A.mapsthatshowwhereearthquakesarelikelytooccur

B.zoneswithahighprobabilityofearthquakes

C.breaksbetweentwosectionsoftheearth'ssurface

D.thetwolayersofearthalongafault

7、

TheSanAndreasFaultis.

A.anactivefaultsystem

B.aplacewhereearthquakeshavebeenpredictedaccurately

C.aplacewhereearthquakeshavebeencontrolled

D.thelocationoftheRockyMountain

8、

WhatdidscientistslearnaboutearthquakesattheRocky

MountainArsenal?

A.Theyoccuratabout4,000metersbelowgroundlevel.

B.Theinjectionofwaterintoearthquakefaultsprevents

earthquakesfromoccurring.

C.Theyareusuallycausedbytheoilinthefaults.

D.Harmfulearthquakescanbepossiblypreventedbycausing

small,harmlessearthquakes.

9、

WhatcanbesaidabouttheexperimentsatRockyMountain

Arsenal?

A.Theyhavenopracticalvalueinearthquakeprevention.

B.Theymayhavepracticalvalueinearthquakeprevention.

C.Theyarecertaintohavepracticalvalueinearthquake

prevention.

D.Thearticledoesnotsayanythingabouttheirpractical

valueinearthquakeprevention.

10、

Whatisthemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?

A.DangersofEarthquakes.

B.EarthquakeBeltsandPrediction.

C.EarthquakePredictionandControl.

D.EarthquakeEngineeringinCalifornia.

11、Recently,apossiblealternativewayofproducingpaper

hasbeensuggestedbyagriculturalistsandenvironmentalists:

aplantcalledhemp.

Hemphasbeencultivatedbymanyculturesforthousandsofyears.

Itproducesfiber,whichcanbemadeintopaper,fuel,oils,

textiles,food,andrope.Forcenturies,itwasessentialto

theeconomiesofmanycountriesbecauseitwasusedtomakethe

ropesandcablesusedonsailingships;colonialexpansionand

theestablishmentofaworldwidetradingnetworkwouldnothave

beenfeasiblewithouthemp.Nowadays,ships;cablesareusually

madefromwireorsyntheticfibers,butscientistsarenow

suggestingthatthecultivationofhempshouldberevivedfor

theproductionofpaperandpulp.Accordingtoitsproponents,

fourtimesasmuchpapercanbeproducedfromlandusinghemp

ratherthantrees,andmanyenvironmentalistsbelievethatthe

large-scalecultivationofhempcouldreducethepressureon

world(sforests.

However,thereisaproblem:hempisillegalinmanycountries

oftheworld.Thisplant,sousefulforfiber,rope,oil,fuel

andtextiles,isaspeciesofcannabis(大麻)，relatedtothe

plantfromwhichmarijuanaisproduced.Inthelate1930s,a

movementtobanthedrugmarijuanabegantogatherfroce,

resultingintheeventualbanningofthecultivationnotonly

oftheplantusedtoproducethedrug,butalsoofthecommercial

producing一producinghempplant.AlthoughbothGeorge

WashingtonandThomasJeffersongrewhempinlargequantities

ontheirownland,anyAmericangrowingtheplanttodaywould

soonfindhimselfinprison一despitethefactthatmarijuana

cannotbeproducedfromthehempplant,sinceitcontainsalmost

noTHC(theactiveingredientinthedrug).

Inrecentyears,twomajormovementsforlegalizationhavebeen

gatheringstrength.OnegroupofactivistsbelievesthatALL

cannabisshouldbelegal一boththehempplantandthemarijuana

plant一andthattheuseofthedrugmarijuanashouldnotbean

offense.Theyarguethatmarijuanaisnotdangerousor

addictive,andthatitisusedbylargenumbersofpeoplewho

arenotcriminalsbutproductivemembersofsociety.Theyalso

pointoutthatmarijuanaislesstoxicthanalcoholortobacco.

Theotherlegalizationmovementisconcernedonlywiththehemp

plantusedtoproduceproducing;thisgroupwantstomakeit

legaltocultivatetheplantandsellthefiberforpaperand

pulpproduction.Thissecondgrouphashadamajortriumph

recently:in1997,Canadalegalizedthefarmingofhempfor

fiber.Forthefirsttimesince1938,hundredsoffarmersare

plantingthiscrop,andsoonwecanexpecttoseepulpandpaper

producedfromthisnewsource.

Whatequipmentonashipwasmadefromhemp?

A.Ropes.

B.Waterproofcloth.

C.Enginefuel.

D.Liferafts.

12、

Whatdrugcanbeobtainedfromarelativeofhemp?

A.Cocaine.

B.Heroin.

C.Amphetamine.

D.Marijuana.

13、

Whywastheplanthempessentialtoworldwidetradeinthepast?

A.Ships(ropesweremadefromit.

B.Hempwasaveryprofitableexport.

C.Hempwasusedasfuelforships.

D.Hempwasusedasfoodforsailors.

14、

Waydoagriculturaliststhinkthathempwouldbebetterfor

paperproductionthantrees?

A.Itischeapertogrowhempthantocutdowntrees.

B.Morepapercanbeproducedfromthesameareaofland.

C.Hempproduceshigherqualitypaper.

D.Itiseasiertofindhempthantofindtrees.

15、

Whywashempbanned?

A.Itisrelatedtothemarijuanaplant.

B.Itcanbeusedtoproducemarijuana.

C.Itwasnotlongerausefulcrop.

D.Itwasdestructivetotheland.

16、Changesintheeconomy,Europe,sreunificationand

technologicalevolutionchallengeoureducationalsystem.

Vocationaleducationwillbeparticularlytouched.Itwillbe

thennecessarytointerveneinthefieldofhighervocational

education.Theirlevelofeducationhastobequalitatively

redefinedandadaptedtocurrentdemands.Professionalswill

havenewchancesofpromotionthroughthesereforms.Atthis

point,vocationaleducationhastodefineitselfasbeingequal

tohighschool-universitycourses,whilekeepingits

particularities.

Asfarasemploymentopportunitiesareconcerned,itisassumed

thatgraduatesfromcollegesofhighereducationhavemoreor

lessthesamechancestofindajobasuniversitygraduates.

Insomeareas,theformerwillprobablyevenfindemployment

easier,astheirpracticalworkexperienceisbyfarlargerthan

universitystudents.Thesemaypossessamuchlarger

theoreticalbackgroundastheystartworkingbutwouldinmost

casesneedmoretimetogetfamiliarwiththepracticalside

oftheirjob.

Thoseamonghighervocationalschoolsthatsatisfythe

prerequisiteforcoursesandresearch-developmentstudieswill

beupgradedtocollegesofhighereducation.

Wearehappytoseethatourhighervocationalcolleges

(engineeringschoolforexample)havealreadygoodcontacts

witheconomicalcircles.Byputtingtogetherdifferent

subjectsandresearch-developmentfacilitiesintoadozenof

collegesofhighereducation,wewillbeabletoguarantee

qualityeducationandabetteruseofalreadyexisting

technicalandfinancialmeans.Wethushavetogroupschools

together,mostofwhicharebeingatpresentgeographically

separated.

Vocationaleducation,alsogivingthepossibilitytodeepen

professionalknowledgethroughattractivecourses,mustoffer

arealalternativetogeneralcultureschools.Thecreationof

thenewadvancedvocationaldiplomaaswellasthecollegesof

highereducationmustcontributetotheeducationofourfuture

elite.Everyyoungsterwillthushavethepossibilitytobetter

develophis/herownabilities.

Becauseofchangesineconomyandtechnologicalevolution

challenge,vocationaleducationhasto.

A.bequalitativelyredefinedandadaptedtocurrentdemands

B.followthedevelopmentmodeofcollegeanduniversity

education

C.offermorechancesofpromotiontoprofessionals

D.betotallyconvertedtocollegeanduniversityeducation

17、

Accordingtotheauthor,graduatesfromcollegesofhigher

education.

A.aresuretofindemploymenteasierthanuniversity

graduates

B.needmoretimetogetthepracticalfideoftheirjobthan

universitygraduates

C.havelargerpracticalworkexperiencesthanuniversity

graduates

D.possessamuchlargertheoreticalbackgroundthan

universitygraduates

18、

Whathavebeendonetoguaranteequalityeducation?

A.Groupingschoolstogether.

B.Connectingeducationwitheconomy.

C.Upgradingsomegoodstudentstocollegesofhigher

education.

D.Puttingtogetherdifferentsubjectsand

research-developmentfacilitiesintoadozenofcollegesof

highereducation.

19、

Thecreationofthenewadvancedvocationaldiplomais.

A.givingthepossibilitytodeepenprofessionalknowledge

B.arealalternativetogeneralculturalschools

C.equaltodiplomaofcollegesofhighereducation

D.vitaltotheeducationofourfutureelite

20、

Whichofthefollowingcanbestconcludethemainideaofthe

passage?

A.Vocationaleducationisequaltocollegeanduniversity

education.

B.Graduatesfromvocationaleducationhavevastrangeof

employmentopportunities.

C.Vocationaleducationhastobereformedtobeadaptedto

currentdemands.

D.Vocationaleducationhasitsadvantagesanddisadvantages.

21、PartB(10points)

YouaregoingtoreadatextaboutChristmas,followedbya

listofinformation.Choosethebestinformationfromthelist

foreachnumberedsubheading.

(41)WhatisChristmas?

ThewordChristmascomesfromthewordsCristesmaesse,or

“Christ'sMass”.Christmasisthecelebrationofthebirthof

JesusformembersoftheChristianreligion.Mosthistorians

pegthefirstcelebrationofChristmastoRomein336A.D.

ChristmasisbothaholidayandaHolyDay.

(42)WhydoeseveryonegiveeachotherpresentsonChristmas

day?

Thetraditionofgiftsseemstohavestartedwiththegiftsthat

thewisemen(theMagi)broughttoJesus.

Whyisthereasmallevergreentreeinyourlivingroom?

ThisisaGermantradition,startedasearlyas700A.D.Inthe

1800'sthetraditionofaChristmasTreewaswidespreadin

Germany,thenmovedtoEnglandandthenAmericathrough

PennsylvanianGermanimmigrants.

(43)Whyhaveyoudecoratedthisevergreenwithornaments,

lights,fakesnowandmylarplastictinsel?

InVictoriantimes,peoplehadalreadystarteddecoratingtrees

withcandiesandcakeshungwithribbon.In1880Woolworths

firstsoldmanufacturedChristmasTreeornaments,andthey

caughtonveryquickly.

(44)Whyisthereabigloginthefireplace?

AccordingtothebookaTheDictionaryofWordandPhrase

Origins"byWilliamandMaryMorris,“Yuletidefor

Christmastimeisatermderivedfromtheyulelog,whichin

oldendayswasahugelogusedasthefoundationoftheholiday

fires.Bringingtheyuleloginwas,asrecentlyasthe

nineteenthcentury,asmuchapartofthepre-Christmas

festivitiesasputtingupanevergreentreetoday.Yulecanbe

tracedbacktotheMiddleEnglishYollen(cryaloud)andis

thoughttodatefromearlyAnglo-Saxonrevelsincelebration

ofthediscovery(aftertheWinterSolstice,December22)that

nightswerebecomingshorter.

(45)Whyarethereoversizedsockshangingonyourmantel?

Accordingtoaveryoldtradition,theoriginalSaintNicholas

(seebelow)lefthisveryfirstgiftsofgoldcoinsinthe

stockingsofthreepoorgirlswhoneededthemoneyfortheir

weddingdowries.Thegirlshadhungtheirstockingsbythefire

todry.

Andwhyarestoresandmallssogearedupaboutthisholiday?

WhydoeseverymallhaveaSantavillage,andwhydokidscome

sitonSanta'sknee?

Asmentionedabove,storesandmallshavebeenrevivedupabout

Christmassincethelate1800's.InAmericatodaytheweeks

betweenthanksgivingandChristmasare,byfar,thebiggest

retailsalesweeksoftheyear.

A.Upuntillatelyitwastraditionoltoreceivesmallitems

1ikefruit,nutsandcandyinyourstocking,butthesehavebeen

replacedinthelasthalf-centurybymoreexpensivegiftsin

manyhomes.

B.AsrecountedintheBible'sbookofMatthew,“Oncomingto

thehousetheysawthechildwithhismotherMary,andtheybowed

downandworshippedhim.Thentheyopenedtheirtreasuresand

presentedhimwithgiftsofgoldandofincenseandofmyrrh.”

Asmentionedinthepreviousquestion,however,noonewas

reallyinthehabitofexchangingelaborategiftsuntillate

inthe1800's.TheSantaClausstorycombinedwithanamazing

retailingphenomenathathasgrownsincetheturnofthecentury

hasmadegiftgivingacentralfocusoftheChristmastradition.

C.ThesurvivalofmostretailstoresdependsontheChristmas

buyingseason.Thereforeretailersdowhatevertheycantowhip

peopleintoaChristmasbuyingspiritandtoattractthemto

theirstores.Festivedecorations,bigads,Santa'sVillages

andalltherestisapartofthatprocess.

D.Upuntilthe19thcentury,thecustomofburningtheYule

LogflourishedinEngland,France,Germanyand

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26、PartC

Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthen

translatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)

Forestsremovecarbondioxidefromtheair,conservesoiland

water,andarehometoavarietyofspecies.(46)Theyarealso

repositoriesofpotentiallyvaluablenewproducts,suchas

pharmaceuticals,andasasourceofbuildingmaterialand

firewoodtheyprovideemploymentformillionsworldwide.

In1990foreststookupaboutaquarteroftheplanet'sland

surface(notincludinganadditional13percentofotherwoody

vegetation,suchassparselycoveredwoodlandandbrushland).

Russiaaccountsforperhapsafifthoftheglobe'sforest.

Brazilforaboutaseventh,andCanadaandtheU.S.eachfor

6t