職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)理工類(lèi)b級(jí)模擬3

職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)理工類(lèi)B級(jí)模擬3

第1部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)

下面共有15個(gè)句子，每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)劃有底橫線，請(qǐng)從每個(gè)句子后面

所給的4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)與劃線部分意義最相近的詞或短語(yǔ)。

1>Thehigh-speedtrainscanhaveamajorimpactontravelpreferences.

A.forceB.influence

C.surpriseD.power

2、Canyoufollowtheplotsofar?

A.changeB.investigate,

C.writeD.understand

3、Eveninahighlymodernizedcountry,manualworkisstillneeded.

A.physicalB.mental

C.naturalD.hard

4、Inthelattercasetheoutcomecanbeseriousindeed,

A.resultB.judgment

C.decisionD.event

5、NormanBlarneyisanartistofdeepconvictions.

A.statementsB.beliefs

C.suggestionsD.claims

6、Uptonow,theworkhasbeeneasy.

A.SoB.Solong

C.SothatD.Sofar

7>Thereportadvocatedsettingupdaytrainingcolleges.

A.supposedB.excited

C.SuggestedD.discussed

8、Accordinglyfanumberofothermethodshavebeenemployed.

A.ThereforeB.Afterwards

C.HoweverD.Furthermore

9、Theoutlookfromthetopofthemountainisbreathtaking.

A.viewB.sight

C.lookD.point

10、Ourlivesareintimatelyboundupwiththeirs.

A.tenselyB,nearly

C.carefullyD.closely

11>Theunionrepresentativeputacrossherargumentveryeffectively.

A.explainedB.invented

C.consideredD.accepted

12>Hetalkstoughbuthasatenderheart.

A.heavyB.mild

C,kindD.wild

13、Itisnousedebatingtherelativemeritsofthispolicy.

A.makingB.taking

C.discussingD.expecting

14、Ourstatisticsshowthatweconsumeallthatwearecapableofproducing.

A.wasteB.buy

C?useD.sell

15>Thefueltankshadacapacityof140liters.

A.functionB.ability

C.powerD.volume

第2部分：閱讀判斷

閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后列出了7個(gè)句子，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對(duì)每個(gè)句子做出判斷。

TheThreattoKiribati

ThepeopleofKiribatiareafraidthatonedayinthenot-too-distantfuture,

theircountrywilldisappearfromthefaceoftheearth-literally.Several

timesthisyear,thePacificislandnationhasbeenfloodedbyasuddenhigh

tide.Thesetides,whichsweptacrosstheislandanddestroyedhouseszcame

whentherewasneitherwindnorrain.''Thisneverhappenedbefore,nsaythe

oldercitizensofKiribati.

Whatiscausingthesemysterioushightides?Theanswermaywellbeglobal

warming.Whenfuelslikeoilandcoalarebeingburned,pollutants（污染

物）arereleased；thesepollutantstrapheatintheearth*satmosphere.Warmer

temperaturescausewatertoexpandandalsocreatemorewaterbymeltingglaciers

（冰川）andpolar（級(jí)土也的）icecaps.

Ifthetrendcontinueszscientistssay,manycountrieswillsuffer.

Bangladesh,forexample,mightloseone-fifthofitsland.Thecoral（珊瑚）

islandnationsofthePacific,likeKiribatiandtheMarshallIslands,however,

wouldfaceanevenworsefate-theywouldbeswallowedbythesea.Theloss

ofthesecoralislandswouldbeeveryone1sloss.Coralformationsarehome

tomorespeciesthananyotherplaceonearth.

Thepeopleofthesenationsfeelfrustrated.Thesea,onwhichtheireconomies

havealwaysbeenbased,issuddenlythreateningtheirexistence.Theydon*t

havethemoneyforexpensivetechnologicalsolutionslikeseawalls.Andthey

havenocontroloverthepollutants,whicharebeingreleasedmainlyby

activitiesinlargeindustrializedcountries.Alltheycandoistohopethat

industrializedcountrieswilltakestepstoreducepollution.

16>ThepeopleofKiribatiworrythatonedaytheircountrywillbetakenaway

byasuddenhightide.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17>HightidesusedtoattackKiribatiwhentherewasstrongwindorheavy

rain.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18>Theheatreleasedbyburningoilandcoalisthedirectcauseofglobal

warming.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19>Scientistsarenotsurehowserioustheeffectsofglobalwarmingwill

be.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20、ThecoralislandnationsofthePacifichavealonghistoryOfcivilization.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21、Thepeopleofthecoralislandnationsareunabletodoanythingsubstantial

abouttheproblemofglobalwarming.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22、Someindustrializedcountriesareunwillingtospendmoneyinreducing

pollution.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意與完成句子

閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后有2項(xiàng)測(cè)試任務(wù)：（1）第23?26題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中

為第2,3,5和6段每段選擇1個(gè)正確的小標(biāo)題：（2）第27?30題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中

選擇4個(gè)正確選項(xiàng)，分別完成每個(gè)句子。

Robots

1.Themostsophisticated（先進(jìn)的）Japaneserobots,whichhavevisionsystems

andworkat.veryhighspeeds,arestillbasedonAmericandesigns.Studies

ofrobotszparticularlycomputercontrolsoftware,areconsideredtobe

generallylessadvancedinJapanthaninAmericaorEurope.

2.Althoughindustrialrobotswereoriginallydevelopedasdevicesfor

simplyhandlingobjects,todaytheircommonestusesareformoreskilledwork

likewelding（焊接），spray-paintingandassemblingcomponents.

3.InBritain,robotsalesappropriatelypeakedin1984,buthavebeen

decliningeversince.ThisispartlybecauseBritishwageratesaretoolow

tomakerobotsfinanciallyattractiveandpartlybecauseengineersnowhave

moreexperiencewithrobotsandaremoreawareofthedifficultiesofintroducing

themeffectively.

4.Ithasbeencalculatedthatarobotusesonaverageabout100times

moreenergythanahumantodoanequivalentjob.

5.Itisestimatedthat20%ofallcomicbookheroesinJapanarerobots.

Thisisanenormousnumberbecausecomicsaresopopularthattheymakeup

athirdofallmaterialpublishedinJapan.

6.ThereliabilityofrobotsismeasuredintheirM.T.B.F.or.meantime

betweenfailures.Thishasrisenfromabout250hoursinthemid-1970sto

about10z000hourstoday（equivalent-toworking18hoursadayfortwoyears）.

Onewayrobotmanufacturershaveincreasedreliabilityistotesteverysingle

componenttheybuy,insteadofthenormalprocedureofjusttestingasmall

sample.

7.ThebiggestsinglebenefitofintroducingrobotsclaimedbyJapanese

companiesisthattheyincreasequalitycontrol.Onceprogrammed,therobots

canworkmoreaccuratelyandconsistentlythanhumans,whocangettiredand

bored.

AOngoingResearch

BExtensionofUse

CRobotHeroes

DGreaterReliability

EFallingDemand

FHiddenDanger

23、Paragraph2

24、Paragraph3

25、Paragraph5

26、Paragraph6

27、Atoomuchenergy

BbasedonAmericandesigns

Ctheyaretoocostly

Dtheyarenotreliable

Egoodtoqualitycontrol

Ffreeofcharge

EventhemostsophisticatedJapaneserobotsare.

28、RobotsarelesspopularinBritaintodaypartlybecause.

29、Onedisadvantageofusingrobotsisthattheyconsume.

30、Itisclaimedthatintroducingrobotsis.

第4部分：閱讀理解

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每道題后面有4個(gè)選項(xiàng)，請(qǐng)根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容,

從每題所給的4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)最佳答案。

/第J一篇ATTJ

NewFoodsandtheNewWorld

Inthelast500years,nothingaboutpeople—nottheirclothes,ideaszor

languagesmhaschangedasmuchaswhattheyeat.Theoriginalchocolatedrink

wasmadefromtheseedsofthecocoatree（可可樹(shù)）bySouthAmericanIndians.

TheSpanishintroducedittotherestoftheworldduringthe1500%.Andalthough

itwasveryexpensive,itquicklybecamefashionable.InLondon,shopswhere

chocolatedrinkswereservedbecameimportantmeetingplaces.Somestillexist

today.

ThepotatoisalsofromtheNewWorld.Around1600；theSpanishbrought

itfromPerutoEurope,whereitsoonwaswidelygrown.Irelandbecameso

dependentonitthatthousandsofIrishpeoplestarvedwhenthecropfailed

H

duringthe"PotatoFamine（饑荒）of1845-1846zandthousandsmorewereforced

toleavetheirhomelandandmovetoAmerica.

TherearemanyotherfoodsthathavetraveledfromSouthAmericatothe

OldWorld.Butsomeotherswentintheoppositedirection.Brazilisnowthe

world*slargestgrowerofcoffee,andcoffeeisanimportantcropinColombia

andotherSouthAmericancountries.ButitisnativetoEthiopia,acountry

inAfrica.ItwasfirstmadeintoadrinkbyArabsduringthe14001s.

AccordingtoanArabiclegend,coffeewasdiscoveredwhenapersonnamed

Kaldinoticedthathisgoatswereattractedtotheredberriesonacoffee

bush.HetriedoneandexperiencedtheHwide-awakeHfeelingthatone-third

oftheworld'spopulationnowstartsthedaywith.

3工、Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowinghaschangedthemostin

thelast500years?

A.Food.

B.Clothing.

C.Ideology.

D.Language.

32、"Someninthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphrefersto

A.somecocoatrees.

B.somechocolatedrinks.

C.someshops.

D.someSouthAmericanIndians.

33^ThousandsofIrishpeoplestarvedduringtheHPotatoFamineHbecause

A.theyweresodependentonpotatoesthattheyrefusedtoeatanything

else.

B.theywereforcedtoleavetheirhomelandandmovetoAmerica.

C?theweatherconditionsinIrelandwerenotsuitableforgrowingpotatoes.

D.thepotatoharvestwasbad.

34、Whichcountryisthelargestcoffeeproducer?

A.Brazil.

B.Colombia.

C.Ethiopia.

D?Egypt.

35、WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue,accordingtothepassage?

A.Onethirdoftheworld1spopulationdrinkscoffee.

B.CoffeeisnativetoColombia.

C.Coffeecankeeponeawake.

D.CoffeedrinkswerefirstmadebyArabs.

弟一扁

PleaseFastenYourSeatbelts

Severeturbulence（湍流）cankillaircraftpassengers.Now,intestflights

overtheRockyMountains；NASA（美國(guó)航空航天局）engineershavesuccessfully

detectedclear-airturbulenceupto10secondsbeforeanaircrafthitsit.

Clear-airturbulenceoftencatchespilotsbysurprise.Invisibletoradar,

itisdifficulttoforecastandcanhurl（用力學(xué)也出去）passengersaboutthecabin.

InDecember1997,onepassengerdiedandahundredotherswereinjuredwhen

unexpectedroughaircausedaUnitedAirlinesflightoverthePacifictodrop

300metresinafewseconds.

However,passengerscanavoidseriousinjurybyfasteningtheirseatbelts.

n

"Itistheonlyantidote（對(duì)策）forthissortofthing,saysRodBoguezproject

manageratNASA1sDrydenFlightResearchCenterinEdwards,California.

Thecentre1snewturbulencedetectorisbasedonlidar,orlaserradar.

Laserpulsesaresentaheadoftheplaneandthesearethenreflectedback

byparticlesintheair.ThetechniquedependsontheDopplereffect.The

wavelengthofthelightshiftsaccordingtothespeedatwhichtheparticles

areapproaching.Incalmairzthespeedequalstheplane*sairspeed.Butas

theparticlesswirl（打漩）inroughair,theirspeedofapproachincreases

ordecreasesrapidly.Therateofchangeinspeedcorrespondstotheseverity（激

烈程度）oftheturbulence.

Inaseriesofteststhatbeganlastmonth,aresearchjetflewrepeatedly,

intodisturbedairoverthemountainridges（ill脈）nearPueblo,Colorado.The

lidardetectorspottedturbulencebetween3and8kilometresahead,andits

forecastsofstrengthanddurationcorrespondedcloselywiththeturbulence

thattheplaneencountered.

Boguesaysthathehad"acomfortableamountoftimeHtofastenhisseatbelt.

Theresearchersareplanningtoimprovethelidar*srangewithamorepowerful

beam.Thesystemcouldbeinstalledoncommercialaircraftinthenextfew

years.

36、Whatdoes"clear-airturbulenceHprobablymean?（Paragraph1）

A.Anotveryroughstorm.

B.Unexpecteddisturbedair.

C.Akindofvisiblestorm.

D.Astormovermountainridges.

37、InDecember1997zaUnitedAirlinesflighthitunexpectedroughair,

A.causingalotofdamagetotheplane.

B.throwingitspassengersoutofthecabin.

C.resultinginheavycasualties.

D.forcingthepilottomakeanemergencylanding.

38、Theturbulencedetectorcantelltheseverityoftheturbulencebymeasuring

A.thespeedoftheplane.

B.thespeedofthelight.

C.thenumberofparticlesintheair.

D.thechangesoftheparticles1speed.

39、Wecaninferfromthefifthparagraphthat

A.thelidardetectorcansuccessfullyforecastturbulence.

B.researchersarenotsureabouttheeffectivenessofthelidardetector.

C.passengerplaneswillbeusedinfurtherexperiments.

D.nomoretestflightsareneeded.

40、Thelastparagraphtellsus,amongotherthings,that

A.thelidardetectorneedsimprovement.

B.manyairlinesareinterestedinthesystem.

C.passengersoftenforgettofastentheirseatbelts.

D.thelidardetectorcanbeusedinawiderangeofareas.

"Salty"RicePlantBoostsHarvests

Britishscientistsarebreedinganewgenerationofriceplantsthatwill

beabletogrowinsoilcontainingsaltwater.Theirworkmayenableabandoned

farmstobecomeproductiveoncemore.

TimFlowersandTonyYeo,fromSussexUniversity*sSchoolofBiological

Sciences,havespentseveralyearsresearchinghowcrops,suchasricezcould

bemadetogrowinwaterthathasbecomesalty.

Thepairhaverecentlybegunathree-yearprogramme,fundedbythe

BiotechnologyandBiologicalSciencesResearchCouncil,toestablishwhich

genesenablesomeplantstosurvivesaltyconditions.Theaimistobreed

thiscapabilityintocropszstartingwithrice.

Itisestimatedthateachyearmorethan10mhectares（公頃）ofagricultural

landarelostbecausesaltgetsintothesoilandstunts（妨礙生長(zhǎng)）plants.

Theproblemiscausedbyseveralfactors.Inthetropics,mangroves（紅樹(shù)

林）thatcreateswamps（沼澤）andtraditionallyformedbarrierstoseawater

havebeencutdown.IntheMediterranean,aseriesofdroughtshavecaused

thewatertabletodrop,allowingseawatertoseep（滲透）in.InLatinAmerica,

irrigationoftencausesproblemswhenwaterisevaporated（蒸發(fā)）bytheheat,

leavingsaltdepositsbehind.

Excesssaltthenenterstheplantsandpreventsthemfunctioningnormally.

Heavyconcentrationsofmineralsintheplantsstopthemdrawingupthewater

theyneedtosurvive.

Toovercometheseproblems,FlowersandYeodecidedtobreedriceplants

thattakeinverylittlesaltandstorewhattheydoabsorbincellsthat

donotaffecttheplants*growth.Theyhavestartedtobreedthese

characteristicsintoanewricecrop,butitwilltakeabouteightharvests

beforetheresultingseedsarereadytobeconsideredforcommercialuse.

OncethecharacteristicsforsurvivingsaltysoilareknownzFlowersand

Yeowilltrytobreedtheappropriategenesintoallmannersofcropsand

plants.Landthathasbeenabandonedtonaturewillthenbeabletobloom

again,providingmuchneededfoodin*thepoorercountriesoftheworld.

41、WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutFlowersandYeoistrue?

A.TheyarestudentsatSussexUniversity,

B.Theyarericebreeders.

C.Theyarehusbandandwife.

D.Theyarecolleaguesataninstitutionofhigherlearning.

42、FlowersandYeohavestartedaprogramme

A.tofindwaystopreventwaterpollution.

B.toidentifygenesthatpromotegrowthinsaltysoil.

C.tobreedriceplantsthattastesalty.

D.tofindwaystoremoveexcessivesaltfromsoil.

43、WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacauseoftheproblemdiscussed

inthepassage?

A.Naturalbarrierstoseawaterhavebeendestroyed.

B.Thewatertablehasgonedownafterdroughts.

C.Sealevelhasbeencontinuouslyrising.

D.Evaporationofwaterleavessaltbehind.

44、Theword"affect”inParagraph6couldbebestreplacedby

A."influence".

B."effect".

C."stop".

D."present.

45、Theattitudeoftheauthortowardstheresearchprojectis

A.positive.

B.negative.

C.suspicious.

D.indifferent.

第5部分：補(bǔ)全短文

閱讀下面的短文，文章中有5處空白，文章后面有6組文字，請(qǐng)根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容選擇

5組文字，將其分別放回文章原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。

ShouldtheU.S.halthumanspaceflight?

TheColumbiaaccidenthasrevivedthedebateonwhetherthe

rewardsof

humanspaceexplorationareworththerisks

No.Iwasateacherwhenmenfirstlandedonthemoonin1969zandIremember

howitmovedmystudentsandthiscountry.46Andwehaven11venturedoutward

sincethen.That*s30yearstoolong!America'shumanspace-flightprogram

1isadrift,withnoclearvisionorgoalsbeyondthecompletionofthe

InternationalSpaceStation.

IwantNASAtoestablishaphasedseriesofgoalsoverthenext20years,

includinghumanvisitstoasteroidsthatcrosstheEarth*sorbit,establishing

aresearchandlivingfacilityforhumansonthemoon,andhumanexpeditions

tothesurfaceofMarsanditsmoons.47

Anastronautistoday*sChristopherColumbus,whosailedintotheunknown

anddiscoveredtheAmericas.Theknowledgewegainfromhavingactualpeople

exploringcanneverbereplacedbyrobots.48Robotsareusefulzbuthumans

candothingsthatrobotscan*t.

Therealobstaclewefaceinovercomingthedriftinthenation1shuman

space-flightprogramisnottechnologicalandit*snotfinancial.49

ThelessonfromtheColumbiaaccidentisnetthathumansdon11belongin

space.50

AInstead,weshouldhonorthememoryofthelostastronautsbypushing

ourexplorationofspacefuture.50

BAstronautsarekeytothisexpandedexploration.47

CIt*sthelackofcommitmenttogetstarted.49

DUntilthen,weshouldstopriskingpeople*slivesbysendingtheminto

space.

EItisnowmorethan30yearssincethelastAmericanleftthesurface

ofthemoonandreturnedtoEarth.46

FOurabilitytosendhumansintospaceandhavethemreturngivesusamazing

informationaboutourselvesandouruniverse.48

第6部分：完形填空

閱讀下面的短文，文中有15處空白，每處空白給出了4個(gè)選項(xiàng)，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容

從4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)最佳答案。

TheAmericanFamily

IntheAmericanfamilythehusbandandwifeusuallyshareimportantdecision

making.Whenthechildrenare51enough,theytakepartaswell.Foreigners

areoftensurprisedbythepermissiveness（寬容）ofAmericanparents.Theold

rulethatnchildrenshouldbeseenandnotheard"israrely52,andchildren

areoftenallowedtodo53theywishwithoutstrictcontroloftheirparents.

Thefatherseldomexpectshischildrentolistentohim54question,and

childrenareencouragedtobe55atanearlyage.Somepeoplebelievethat

Americanparentscarrythisfreedom56far.Othersthinkthatastrongfather

imagezwouldnot57theAmericanvaluesofequalityandindependence.Because

Americansemphasizetheimportanceofindepe