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人教版(2023版)初中英語八年級(jí)上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)精選—Unit1Wheredidyougoonvacation?Activities:(寫出動(dòng)詞過去式)goonvacation去度假beonvacation度假stayathome待在家里gotothemountains去爬山gotothebeach去海灘visitmuseums參觀博物館gotosummercamp去參觀夏令營(yíng)quiteafew相當(dāng)多studyfor為……而學(xué)習(xí)goout出去mostofthetime大部分時(shí)間tastegood嘗起來很好吃haveagoodtime玩得高興ofcourse當(dāng)然feellike給……的感覺;感受到feellikedoingsthgoshopping去購物inthepast在過去walkaround四處走走becauseof因?yàn)閛nebowlof…一碗……thenextday第二天drinktea喝茶findout找出;查明goon繼續(xù)takephotos照相somethingimportant重要的事upanddown上上下下comeup出來不定代詞有all,each,both,either,neither,one,none,little,few,many,much,other,another,some,any,no,(a)few,(a)little,both,enough,every等,以及由some,any,no和every構(gòu)成的合成代詞(即somebody,anyone,nothing等)。在這些不定代詞中,多數(shù)都能作主語、賓語、表語或定語,但是代詞none以及由some,any,no和every構(gòu)成的合成代詞只能作主語、賓語或表語,不能作定語,而no和every則只用作定語。復(fù)合不定代詞:由some,any,no,every加上-body,-one,-thing構(gòu)成的不定代詞,叫做復(fù)合不定代詞。somebody=someone某人something某物,某事

anybody=anyone任何人anything什么事物,任何事物,無論什么事物

nobody=noone沒有人,不重要的人nothing沒有東西,什么也沒有;不重要的人或事everybody=everyone每人,人人,所有人everything每一個(gè)事物,一切詞組:fornothing(徒勞,沒有好結(jié)果,免費(fèi)),nothingbut(僅僅,只不過),It’snothing.(不用謝,不必在意)anybodyelse(別人)(1)復(fù)合不定代詞只相當(dāng)于名詞,在句子中作主語、賓語和表語,而不能作定語。

Everythingismadeofelements.任何東西都是元素構(gòu)成的。(作主語)

Ihavenothingtosaytoady.我今天沒什么可講的。(作賓語)

That`snothing.沒什么。(作表語)(2)作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。(3)代替與-thing構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞,用it;代替與-body,-one構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞,一般用they,在正式文體中可用he。如:Everyoneknowswhattheyhavetodo,don’tthey?Everyoneknowswhathehastodo,doesn’the?每個(gè)人都知道他必須做什么,不是嗎?(2)something和anything的區(qū)別與some和any的區(qū)別一樣,前者一般用于肯定句,后者一般用于否定句、疑問句或條件狀語從句中。

Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.我有重要的事情要告訴你。(肯定句)

Someoneisaskingtoseeyou.有人要見你。(肯定句)

Hasanythinghappened?出什么事了嗎?(疑問句)

Wecan`tdecideanythingnow.我們現(xiàn)在不能作什么決定。(否定句)

Ifyouwantanything,callme.你要是需要什么可以給我打電話。(條件狀語從句)(3)復(fù)合不定代詞被定語所修飾時(shí),形容詞或不定式等其他定語則須放在它們的后面。

Thereisnothingwrongwiththemachine.這機(jī)器沒出什么毛病。(形容詞)Thisissomethingspecial.這是種特別的東西。(形容詞)

Isthereanythingimportantintoday``snewspaper?今天報(bào)紙上有什么重要消息嗎?(形容詞)

Doyouwantanythingtodrink?你想喝點(diǎn)什么嗎?

IfthereisanythingIcandoforyou,pleasetellme.如果有什么我能幫你的,請(qǐng)告訴我。④除與-thing構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞外,即everyone、everybody、someone,somebody都有所有格形式;當(dāng)其后有else時(shí),’s要加在else后面。如:Thatmustbesomebodyelse’scoat;itisn’tmine.那一定是別人的外衣,不是我的。⑤everyone=everybody,anyone=anybody,只指人,不能與of短語連用;everyone,anyone可指人也可指物,一定要與of連用才可以。如:Isanybodyhere?有人嗎?Youcantakeanyoneofthese.你可以隨便拿一個(gè)。

⑥與some-,any-構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞的用法與some,any的用法相同。與any-構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞一般用于否定句或疑問句中,not…any-構(gòu)成完全否定,但沒有any-…not的說法;與some-構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞用于肯定句、預(yù)料作肯定回答的疑問句、建議或請(qǐng)求的疑問句中【巧記復(fù)合代詞分合】:分合皆能單獨(dú)用,后加of合不成。

【巧學(xué)不定代詞】:不定代詞美名揚(yáng),修飾成分后邊藏;單數(shù)動(dòng)詞作謂語,何時(shí)何地都一樣。buysth.forsb./buysb.sth.為某人買某物taste+adj.嘗起來…look+adj.看起來…smell聞起來sound聽起來feel感覺起來tastedelicious…lookbeautiful…smellterrible…soundwonderful…feelcomfortable/tired/bored/nothing…but+動(dòng)詞原形除了……之外什么都沒有seem+(tobe)+adj.看起來……Nooneseemedtobebored.seemtodosth.arrivein+大地點(diǎn)/arriveat+小地點(diǎn)到達(dá)某地decidetodosth.決定去做某事trydoingsth.嘗試做某事/trytodosth.盡力去做某事forgetdoingsth.忘記做過某事/forgettodosth.忘記做某事enjoydoingsth.喜歡做某事dislikedoingsth.不喜歡做某事wanttodosth.想去做某事startdoingsth.開始做某事stopdoingsth.停止做某事stoptodosth.停下來去做某事keepdoingsth.繼續(xù)做某事keepondoingsth.反復(fù)做某事有小停歇Whynotdo.sth.?為什么不做……呢?so+adj.+that+從句如此……以至于……itis+adj.+forsb.+todosth對(duì)某人來說做…怎么樣tellsb.(not)todosth.告訴某人(不要)做某事asksb.(not)todosth.要求某人(不要)做某事wantsb.(not)todosth.想要某人(不要)做某事1.anywhere與somewhere兩者都是anywhere在任何地方,常用于否定句和疑問句中。Ican’tfinditanywhere.somewhere在某處,到某處,常用于肯定句。Ilostmykeysomewherenearhere.2.seem+形容詞看起來…..Youseemhappytoday.seem+todosth.似乎、好像做某事IseemtohaveacoldIseems/seemed+從句看起來好像…;似乎….Itseemsthatnoonebelieveyou.seemlike….好像,似乎…..Itseemslikeagodidea.3.decidetodosth.決定做某事Theydecidetovisitthemuseum.decide+疑問詞+動(dòng)詞不定式Hecannotdecidewhentoleave.4.startdoingsth=starttodosth.開始,可與begin互換。Hestarteddoinghishomework.但以下幾種情況不能用begin.1)創(chuàng)辦,開辦:Hestartedanewbllkshoplastmonth.2)機(jī)器開動(dòng):Ican’tstartmycar.3)出發(fā),動(dòng)身:Iwillstarttomorrowmorning.5.over介詞,多于,超過,在…以上(表示數(shù)目、程度)=morethanMyfatherisover40yearsold.在…之上,與物體垂直且不接觸,與under相反。Thereisamapovertheblackboard.超過:Ihearthenewsovertheradio.遍及:Iwanttotravelallovertheworld.6.toomany太多,后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù):Motherboughttoomanyeggsyesterday.toomuch太多,修飾不可數(shù)名詞,修飾動(dòng)詞作狀語。Wehavetoomuchworktodo.Don’ttalktoomuch.Muchtoo太,修飾形容詞或副詞。Thehatismuchtoobigforme.You’rewalkingmuchtoofast.分辨三者的口訣:toomuch,muchtoo,用法區(qū)別看后頭:much后接不可數(shù),too后修飾形或副。toomany要記住,后面名詞必復(fù)數(shù)。7.becauseof介詞短語,因?yàn)?,由于,后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞,不能接句子。Hecan’ttakeawalkbecauseoftherain.because連詞,因?yàn)?,引?dǎo)狀語從句,表示直接明確的原因或理由。Idon’tbuytheshirtbecauseitwastooexpensive.

Unit2Howoftendoyouexercise?helpwithhousework幫助做家務(wù)onweekends在周末howoften多久一次hardlyever幾乎從不onceaweek每周一次twiceamonth每月兩次everyday每天befree有空gotothemovies去看電影usetheInternet用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)swingdance搖擺舞playtennis打網(wǎng)球stayuplate熬夜;睡得很晚atleast至少havedanceandpianolessons上舞蹈課和鋼琴課gotobedearly早點(diǎn)睡覺playsports進(jìn)行體育活動(dòng)begoodfor對(duì)……有好處sb.spendtimewithsb.和某人一起度過時(shí)光bebadfor對(duì)……有壞處sb.spendtime/moneyonsth.在某方面花費(fèi)時(shí)間/金錢begoodwith與……友好相處sb.spendtime/moneyindoingsth.在做某事上花費(fèi)時(shí)間/金錢begoodatsth./doingsth擅長(zhǎng)某事/做某事befriendlywithsb.與某人友好相處befriendlytosb.對(duì)某人友好bekindtosb.對(duì)某人友好gocamping去野營(yíng)not…atall一點(diǎn)兒也不……inone’sfreetime在某人的業(yè)余時(shí)間themostpopular最受歡迎的suchas比如;諸如oldhabitsdiehard積習(xí)難改gotothedentist去看牙醫(yī)mornthan多于;超過lessthan少于helpsb.withsth.幫助某人做某事Howabout…?怎么樣?/……好不好?wantsb.todosth.想讓某人做某事Howmany+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+一般疑問句?……有多少……?主語+find+that從句.……發(fā)現(xiàn)……It’s+adj.+todosth.做某事的……的。asksb.aboutsth.向某人詢問某事asksb.todosth.要求某人做某事bydoingsth.通過做某事What’syourfavorite……?你最喜愛的……是什么?thebestwaytodosth.做某事的最好方式Which…doyoulikebest?你最喜歡詞語辨析:1.howoften多久一次,用來提問動(dòng)作發(fā)生的頻率?;卮鹩茫簅nce,twice,threetimes等詞語。Howoftendoyouplaysports?Threetimesaweek.howlong多長(zhǎng),用來詢問多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間,也可詢問某物有多長(zhǎng)。HowlongdoesittaketogettoShanghaifromhere?Howlongistheruler?howfor多遠(yuǎn),用來詢問距離,指路程的遠(yuǎn)近。Howfarisitfromheretothepark?It’sabout2kilometers.free空閑的,有空的,反義詞為busy.befree有空,閑著,相當(dāng)于havetime.I’llbefreenextweek.=I’llhavetimenextweek.還可作“免費(fèi)的、自由的”解。befreetodosth.自由地做某事。Theticketsarefree.You’refreetogoortostay.Howcome?怎么會(huì)?怎么回事?表示某件事情很奇怪,有點(diǎn)想不通;可單獨(dú)使用,也可引導(dǎo)一個(gè)問句,相當(dāng)于疑問句why,但howcome開頭的特殊疑問句使用的仍然是陳述語序。HowcomeTomdidn’tcometotheparty?=Whydidn’tTomcometotheparty?stayuplate指“熬夜到很晚,遲睡”。Don’tstayuplatenexttime.stayup指“熬夜,不睡覺”。Hestayedupallnighttowritehisstory.gotobed強(qiáng)調(diào)“上床睡覺”的動(dòng)作及過程,但人不一定睡著。Iwenttobedatelevenlastnight.gotosleep強(qiáng)調(diào)“入睡,睡著,進(jìn)入夢(mèng)鄉(xiāng)”。Shewassotiredthatshewenttosleepsoon.find+賓語+名詞,發(fā)現(xiàn):Wehavefoundhim(tobe)agoodboy.find+賓語+形容詞,發(fā)現(xiàn):Hefoundtheroomdirty.find+賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞,發(fā)現(xiàn):Ifoundherstandingatthedoor.percent百分?jǐn)?shù),基數(shù)詞+percent:percent沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,作主語時(shí),根據(jù)所修飾的名詞來判斷謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)。Fortypercentofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.Thirtypercentoftimepassed.morethan超過,多于,不僅僅,相當(dāng)于over.在句型轉(zhuǎn)換中考查兩者的同義替換。反義詞組為:lessthan.IlivedinShanghaiformorethan/overtenyears.9.afraid形容詞,擔(dān)心的,害怕的,在句中作表語,不用在名詞前作定語。I’mafraidwecan’tcomehereontime.beafraidofsb/sth害怕某人/某事;beafraidofdoingsth.害怕做某事。Somechildrenareafraidofthedark.Don’tbeafraidofaskingquestion.I’mafraid+從句,恐怕,擔(dān)心:I’mafraidIhavetogonow.beafraidtodosth害怕做某事10.sometimes,sometime,sometimes,sometime的區(qū)別:sometimes頻度副詞,有時(shí)。表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的不經(jīng)常性,多與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)連用,可位于句首、句中或句末。SometimesIgetupveryearly.Howoftendoyougetup?sometime副詞,某個(gè)時(shí)候。表示不確切或不具體的時(shí)間,常用于過去時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí),對(duì)它用疑問詞when.IwillgotoShanghaisometimenextweek.WhenwillyougotoShanghainextweek?sometimes名詞詞組,幾次,幾倍。其中time是可數(shù)名詞,對(duì)它提問用howmanytimes.Ihavereadthestorysometimes.Howmanytimeshaveyoureadthestory?sometime名詞短語,一段時(shí)間.表示“一段時(shí)間”時(shí),句中謂語動(dòng)詞常為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,提問時(shí)用Howlong.I‘llstayhereforsometime.Howlongwillyoustayhere?

Unit3I’mmoreoutgoingthanmysister.BothSamandTomcanplaythedrums,butSamplaysthembetterthanTom.That’sTara,isn’tit?Areyouasfriendlyasyoursister?I’mshysoit’snoteasyformetomakefriends.moreoutgoing更外向as…as…與……一樣……thesingingcompetition唱歌比賽besimilarto與……相像的/類似的bethesameas和……相同;與……一致bedifferentfrom與……不同careabout關(guān)心;介意lookafter照顧takecareof照顧belikeamirror像一面鏡子themostimportant最重要的aslongas只要;既然bringout使顯現(xiàn);使表現(xiàn)出getbettergrades取得更好的成績(jī)r(jià)eachfor伸手取infact事實(shí)上;實(shí)際上makefriends交朋友theother其他的touchone’sheart感動(dòng)某人betalentedinmusic有音樂天賦begoodat擅長(zhǎng)……begoodwith善于與……相處havefundoingsth.享受做某事的樂趣begoodatdoingsth擅長(zhǎng)做某事makesb.dosth.讓某人做某事wanttodosth.想要做某事as+adj./adv.的原級(jí)+as與……一樣……It’s+adj.+forsb.todosth.對(duì)某人來說,做某事……的。詞語辨析:laughv.&n.笑Wealllaughedloudlywhenshemadeajoke.她說了個(gè)笑話,我們都大聲笑起來。Wealllaughedathisjoke.聽了他的笑話我們都笑起來。Helaughsbestwholaughslast.誰笑在最后,誰笑得最好。/不要高興得太早。(與at連用)嘲笑Don’tlaughathim.別嘲笑他。Peoplehaveoftenlaughedatstoriestoldbyseamen.人們常常嘲笑海員所講的故事。Everyonelaughedathisfoolishantics.大家都笑他那種愚蠢的滑稽動(dòng)作。笑;笑聲Wehadagoodlaughathisjoke.我們被他的笑話逗得哈哈大笑。thoughconj.雖然;縱然;即使;盡管=althoughThoughitwasraining,hewentthere.雖然當(dāng)時(shí)正下著雨,他還是到那里去了。Thoughhewaspoorhewashappy.雖然他很窮卻很快樂。注意:不能受漢語的影響,在though引導(dǎo)的從句后使用but。如:Thoughhewaspoor,buthewashappy.(誤)thoughadv..不過,可是,然而,常用于句末,用逗號(hào)隔開。Jimsaidthathewouldcome,hedidn’t,though.形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)大多數(shù)形容詞和副詞有三個(gè)等級(jí):1)原級(jí)(不作比較),修飾詞very,so,too,pretty,really;2)比較級(jí),表示“較……”或“更……”的意思(兩者之間進(jìn)行比較),標(biāo)志詞than,AorB,ofthetwo,修飾詞much,alot,alittle;3)最高級(jí),表示“最……”的意思(三者或三者以上作比較),形容詞最高級(jí)前面一般要加定冠詞the,后面可帶in(of)短語來什么比較的范圍。形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)規(guī)則變化:構(gòu)成方法原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)單音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞一般在詞尾加-er或-esthighshorthighershorterhighestshortest以字母e詞尾的詞,加-r或-stlatefinelaterfinestlatestfinest重讀閉音節(jié)詞詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí),先雙寫輔音字母,再加-er或-esthotbigthinfathotterbiggerthinnerfatterhottestbiggestthinnestfattest以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞,先把“y”改為“i”,再加-er或-estfunnyeasyearlyfunniereasierearlierfunniesteasiestearliest多音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞在詞前加more或mostbeautifulathleticoutgoingmorebeautifulmoreathleticmoreoutgoingmostbeautifulmostathleticmostoutgoing形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)不規(guī)則變化:原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)good/wellbetterbestbad/badlyworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther(更遠(yuǎn))further(更深遠(yuǎn))farthest(最遠(yuǎn))furthest(最深遠(yuǎn))as…(原級(jí))as與……一樣……notas/so…as不如LimingisastallasJim.JackrunsasfastasTom.Lilyisnotas/sotallasLucy.=LilyisshorterthanLucy.

Unit4What’sthebestmovietheater?Ithasthebiggestscreens.TheDJschoosesongsthemostcarefuuly.Howdoyoulikeitsofar?到目前為止,你認(rèn)為它怎么樣?Thanksforgettellingme.CanIaskyousomequestions?movietheater電影院closeto…離……近c(diǎn)lothesstore服裝店intown在鎮(zhèn)上sofar到目前為止10minutesbybus坐公共汽車10分鐘的路程talentshow才藝表演incommon共同;共有aroundtheworld世界各地;全世界moreandmore……越來越……andsoon等等allkindsof……各種各樣的beupto是……的職責(zé);由……決定noteverybody并不是每個(gè)人makeup編造(故事、謊言等)playarolein…在……方面發(fā)揮作用/有影響forexample例如take…seriously認(rèn)真對(duì)待givesb.sth.給某人某物cometrue(夢(mèng)想、希望)實(shí)現(xiàn);達(dá)到CanIaskyousome…?我能問你一些……嗎?Howdoyoulike…?你認(rèn)為……怎么樣?Thanksfordoingsth.因做某事而感謝。Whatdoyouthinkof…?你認(rèn)為……怎么樣?much+adj./adv.的比較級(jí)……得多watchsb.dosth.觀看某人做某事playaroleindoingsth.發(fā)揮做某事是作用/在做某事方面扮演重要的角色oneof+可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)……之一形容詞和副詞的最高級(jí)比較級(jí)有變化,一般詞尾加-er,最高級(jí)有變化,詞尾加上-est,詞尾若是啞音e,直接加r就可以,詞尾若是啞音e,直接加上-st,輔音字母加y,記得把y變i加-er,輔音字母加y,y變i再加-est,一輔重讀閉音節(jié),末尾雙寫加-er,一輔重讀閉音節(jié),末尾雙寫加-est,形副音節(jié)123,比較等級(jí)more在前。形副單詞多音節(jié),最高級(jí)前themost。1.表示由動(dòng)詞加-ing或-ed構(gòu)成的形容詞。2.表示由形容詞加后綴-ly構(gòu)成的副詞。3.表示部分雙音節(jié)及多音節(jié)詞。tall--tallershort--shorterlong--longerfat--fatterheavy--heavierthin--thinnercute--cuterclever--clevereststrict

--stricterkind

--

kindernice--nicercalm--calmerwild--wildersmart

--smarterquiet--quieterloud-loudershy--shierlovely--lovelierpretty--prettierugly-uglierfunny

--funnierfriendly

--friendlier/lessfriendlyhappy--happierlazy--lazierpopular

--morepopularoutgoing–moreoutgoingtalented

--

moretalentedserious–more/lessseriousactive

--

moreactiveathletic--moreathletichandsome--morehandsomebeautiful--morebeautifulhardworking–more/lesshardworking(jump)high--higher(run)fast--faster(work)hard--harder(getup)early--earlier(sing)well--singbetterlate--later(dance)well--dancebetter(playbasketball)well--(playbasketball)betterbegoodat--bebetterat(feel)good--(feel)better(sing)clearly--(sing)moreclearly(speak)loudly--(speak)moreloudlycalmly--morecalmlywildly--morewildlyquietly--morequietlyseriously--moreseriouslyactively

--

moreactively

Unit5Doyouwanttowatchagameshow?thinkof認(rèn)為learnfrom從……獲得;向……學(xué)習(xí)findout查明;弄清楚talkshow談話節(jié)目gameshow游戲節(jié)目soapopera肥皂劇goon發(fā)生watchamovie看電影apairof一雙;一對(duì)tryone’sbest盡某人最大努力asfamousas與……一樣有名haveadiscussionabout就……討論oneday有一天suchas例如dressup打扮;梳理takesb.’splace代替;替換doagoodjob干得好somethingenjoyable令人愉快的東西interestinginformation有趣的資料oneof……之一looklike看起來像aroundtheworld全世界asymbolof……的象征letsb.dosth.讓某人做某事plantodosth.計(jì)劃/打算做某事hopetodosth.希望做某事happentodosth.碰巧做某事expecttodosth.盼望做某事Howaboutdoing…?做……怎么樣?bereadytodosth.樂于做某事tryone’sbesttodosth.盡力做某事1.theother,theothers,other,others,another辨析theother表示特指兩個(gè)或者兩部份中的另一個(gè)或另一部分,可直接單數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)名詞。表示兩個(gè)中的一個(gè)……另一個(gè)……時(shí),常用one…theother…。例:Hehastwobrothers,oneisateacher,theotherisadoctor.Therearefortystudentsinourclass.twenty-onearegirls,theothernineteenareboys.theothers特指某一范圍內(nèi)的其他的(人或物),是theother的復(fù)數(shù)形式,相當(dāng)于theother+復(fù)數(shù)名詞。theother+復(fù)數(shù)名詞=anyother+名詞單數(shù)。例:Youtwostayhere,theothersgowithme.I’mdifferentfromJeffbecauseI’mlouderthantheotherkids(anyotherkid)inmyclass.other作代詞或形容詞,可修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)。例:WelearnChinese,Maths,Englishandothersubjects.others作代詞,泛指“其他的人或物”。例:Somestudentsaredoinghomework,othersaretalkingloudly.another泛指同類事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一個(gè)”,只能代替或修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。例:Idon’tlikethisone.Pleaseshowmeanotherone.3.findout查明,弄清楚,find找到PleasefindoutwhenMrsGreenwillgotoBeijing.4.goon發(fā)生,與takeplace同義Iwonderwhatwasgoingon.翻譯:隔壁發(fā)生了什么??happenv.發(fā)生,一般指偶然發(fā)生,主語為事,不能為人。Sth+happenstosb.Atrafficaccidenthappenedtohiselderbrotheryesterday.Sth+happens+地點(diǎn)/時(shí)間,意為:某地/某時(shí)發(fā)生了某事AnaccidenthappenedonParkStreet.happenv,表示“碰巧”,主語可以是人,后常跟動(dòng)詞不定式to,表示“碰巧……”.Sb+happenstodosth.Ihappenedtoseemyuncleonthestreet.*takeplace意為“發(fā)生,舉行,舉辦”,一般指非偶然性事件的“發(fā)生”,即這種事件的發(fā)生一定有某種原因或事先的安排。例:GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina.ThemeetingwilltakeplacenextFriday.expectv.期待,盼望,預(yù)期,后常接四種結(jié)構(gòu):1)expect+名詞/代詞,期待某事/某人,預(yù)計(jì)……可能發(fā)生。I’mexpectingLiLin’sletter.2)expecttodosth.預(yù)計(jì)做某事Lilyexpectstocomebacknextweek.3)expectsb.todosth.期望某人做某事Iexpectmymothertocomebackearly.4)expect+從句預(yù)計(jì)……IexpectedthatI’llcomebacknextMonday.7.seriousa.嚴(yán)肅的,認(rèn)真的。Heisaseriousman.beseriousaboutsb/sth.對(duì)某人/某事當(dāng)真PeterisseriousaboutJenny.Hewantstogetmarriedtoher.beseriousaboutdoingsth.對(duì)某事當(dāng)真____He’sseriousaboutsellinghishouse.takesth.seriously認(rèn)真對(duì)待某事動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語

Unit6I’mgoingtostudycomputerscience.growup成長(zhǎng);長(zhǎng)大everyday每天besureabout對(duì)……有把握makesure確信;務(wù)必send…to…把……送到……beableto能themeaningof……的意思differentkindsof不同種類的writedown寫下;記下havetodowith關(guān)于;與……有關(guān)系takeup開始做;學(xué)著做hardlyever幾乎不;很少too…to…太……而不能……/太……以至于不能begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形打算做某事practicedoing練習(xí)做某事keepondoingsth.不斷地做某事learntodosth.學(xué)會(huì)做某事finishdoingsth.做完某事promisetodosth.許諾去做某事helpsb.todosth.幫助某人做某事remembertodosth.記住做某事agreetodosth.同意做某事lovetodosth.喜愛做某事wanttodosth.想要做某事1promisevt.保證,許諾。有三種結(jié)構(gòu):1)promisetodosth._____Mymotherpromisedtobuyapianoforme.2)promisesb.sth._____Myauntpromisedmeabike.3)promise+that從句_____Tompromisesthathecanreturnonmisen.允諾,諾言makeapromiseLilyisadishonestgirl.Sheneverkeepsapromise.2.when與while的區(qū)別:when表示“當(dāng)…時(shí)候”,既指時(shí)間點(diǎn),又指一段時(shí)間,when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中的動(dòng)詞可以是終止性的也可以是延續(xù)性的。Whentheteachercamein,thestudentsweretalking.Whenshearrives,I’llcallyou.while表示“當(dāng)…時(shí)候”,僅指一段時(shí)間,從句中的動(dòng)作必須是延續(xù)性的,一般強(qiáng)調(diào)主從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,while還可以作并列連詞,意為“而、卻”,表示對(duì)比關(guān)系。Lisawassingingwhilehermotherwasplayingpiano.Tomisstrongwhilehisyoungerbrotherisweek.3.practicevt.練習(xí),后接名詞,代詞或v-ing作賓語。Youreldersisterispracticingplayingtheguitarintheroom.常跟v-ing作賓語的動(dòng)詞有:考慮建議盼原諒:consider,suggest/advise,lookforwardto,excuse,pardon.承認(rèn)推遲沒得想:admit,delay/putoff,fancy.避免錯(cuò)過繼續(xù)練:avoid,miss,keep/keepon,practice.否認(rèn)完成能欣賞:deny,finish,enjoy,appreciate.不禁介意與逃亡:can’thelp,mind,escape.不準(zhǔn)冒險(xiǎn)憑想象:forbid,risk,imagine.4.everyday與everyday區(qū)別everydayadj.每天的在句中作定語,位于名詞前。Thisisoureverydayhomework.everyday副詞短語,在句中作狀語,位于句首或句末。Hereadsbookseveryday.begoingto的用法begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形——表示將來的打算、計(jì)劃或安排。常與表示將來的tomorrow,nextyear等時(shí)間狀語或when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句連用。各種句式變換都借助be動(dòng)詞完成,be隨主語有am,is,are的變換,goingto后接動(dòng)詞原形。肯定句:主語+begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形+其他。Heisgoingtotakethebusthere.否定句:主語+benotgoingto+動(dòng)詞原形+其他I’mnotgoingtoseemyfriendsthisweekend.一般疑問句:Be+主語+goingto+動(dòng)詞原形+其他肯定回答:Yes,主語+be.否定回答:No,主語+benot.Areyougoingtoseeyourfriendsthisweekend?Yes,Iam./No,I’mnot.特殊疑問句:疑問詞+be+主語+goingto+動(dòng)詞原形+其他?Whatishegoingtodothisweekend?Whenareyougoingtoseeyourfriends?2)如果表示計(jì)劃去某地,可直接用begoingto+地點(diǎn)WearegoingtoBeijingforaholiday.3)表示位置移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞,如go,come,leave等常用進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來。Thebusiscoming.MyauntisleavingforBeijingnextweek.4)begoingto與will的區(qū)別:=1\*GB3①對(duì)未來事情的預(yù)測(cè)用“will+動(dòng)詞原形”表達(dá),will沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,變否定句要在will后面加not,也可用will后面加not,或者縮略式won’t,變一般疑問句將will提至句首。Willplanesbelargeinthefuture?Yes,theywill./No,theywon’t.=2\*GB3②will常表示說話人相信或希望要發(fā)生的事情,而begoingto指某事肯定發(fā)生,常表示事情很快就要發(fā)生。IbelieveLucywillbeagreatdoctor.=3\*GB3③陳述將來的某個(gè)事實(shí)用will.Iwilltenyearsoldnextyear.=4\*GB3④表示現(xiàn)在巨大將來要做的事情用will.I’mtiredIwillgotobed.=5\*GB3⑤表示意愿用will.I’lltellyouthetruth.=6\*GB3⑥表示計(jì)劃、打算要做的事情用begoingto,而不用will.I’mgoingtobuyacomputerthismonth.Let’sdiscusstheplan,shallwe?Notnow.I______toaninterview.A.goB.wentC.amgoingD.wasgoingJackisbusypackingluggage.Yes.He_________forAmericaonvacation.A.leavesB.leftC.isleavingD.hasbeenaway

Unit7Willpeoplehaverobots?短語:oncomputersonpaperlivetobe200yearsoldfreetimebeindangerontheearthplayapartinsth/doingsthliveonaspacestationlookforcomputerprogrammerinthefuturehuandredsofthesame…asoverandoveragaingetboredwakeuplooklike=belike像…falldown用法:will+動(dòng)詞原形將要做havetodosth不得不做某事fewer/more+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)更少/更多…less/more+不可數(shù)名詞更少/更多agreewithsb.同意某人的意見trytodosth.盡力做某事disagreewithsb.不同意某人的意見trydoingsth.嘗試做某事such+名詞(詞組)如此playapartindoingsth參與做某事makesbdosth讓某人做某事helpsbwithsth幫助某人做某事makesb+adj.讓某人怎么樣helpsb(to)dosth幫助某人做某事makesb.sth.makemeabetterperson使我成為更好的人Therewillbe+主語+其他將會(huì)有….Thereis/are+sb.+doingsth有…正在做…Itis+形容詞+forsb+todosth做某事對(duì)某人來說…的詞語辨析:1.every與each的區(qū)別:every用來表整體,each用來表個(gè)別。each最低需是兩,every最低需是三。everyadj.every作主用單數(shù),each可單也可復(fù),作主、作定用單數(shù),其他情況用復(fù)數(shù)。eachadj./pron.Everyteacherknowsher.Therearelotsoftreesoneachsideoftheroad.Eachoftheroadhasadictionary.2.ontheearth在地球上,作地點(diǎn)狀語,位于句首或句末。onearth究竟,到底。用于疑問句或副詞后,加強(qiáng)語氣。Allthelivingthingsontheearthdependonthesun./Whatonearthdoyoumean?3.human,指包括男人女人孩子的“人,人類”,有別于動(dòng)物,自然景物,機(jī)器等的特殊群體,也可指具體的人。person,無性別之分,常用于數(shù)目不太大,而且數(shù)目比較精確的場(chǎng)合。people,泛指“人們”,表示復(fù)數(shù)概念。man,前不帶冠詞而且單獨(dú)使用時(shí),指“男人”,aman可指“一個(gè)人/一個(gè)男人”,復(fù)數(shù)形式為men.Hewastheonlyhumanontheisland.Thereareonlythreepersonsintheroom.Therearemanypeoplethere.Manisstrongerthanwoman.4.seem連系動(dòng)詞,好像,似乎,看來。有下面幾種用法:seem+名詞看起來。Heseemsaniceman.seemlike好像,似乎。Itseemedlikeagoodideaatthetime.seemtodosth.似乎/看起來/好像做某事。Iseemtohaveleftmybookathome.Itseems/seemedthat看起來好像…,似乎….Hewasveryhappy.seemtobe+形容詞/名詞=seem+形容詞/名詞。Sheseemstobehappy.=Sheseemshappy.5.probablyad.maybe相當(dāng)于perhaps.也許,大概,可能。作狀語.probably用于句中,可能性最大。Hewillprobablycometomorrow.maybe/perhaps用于句首。Maybe/Perhapsyouareright.during/for/in介詞,在……期間。說到某事是在某一段時(shí)間之間發(fā)生的用during;說到某事持續(xù)多久則用for;說到某事具體發(fā)生的時(shí)間用in.Wevisitedmanyplacesofinterestduringthesummerholiday.I’vebeenherefortwoweeks.TheyusuallyleaveschoolinJuly.一般將來時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu):肯定式:主語+will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形+其他will用于各種人稱,shall用于第一人稱。主語+begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形+其他be隨人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)間的變化而變換。否定式:在will/shall/be后面加not.willnot=won’t.一般疑問句:將will/shall/be提到主語前面。Therebe句型的一般將來時(shí):Therewillbe+主語+其他,意為:將會(huì)有。一般疑問句形式為:Willtherebe+主語+其他??隙ɑ卮鹗牵篩es,therewill.否定回答是:No,therewon’t.否定形式是:Therewon’tbe+主語+其他,將不會(huì)有……特殊疑問句是:疑問詞/詞組+一般疑問句?Whenwilltherebeanicebasketballmatch?Travelingtospaceisnolongerjustadream.Russia______thefirsthotelinspaceinthenearfuture.A.buildsB.willbuildC.builtD.hasbuiltThere______afootballmatchonCCTV-5atninetomorrowevening.A.willhaveB.isgoingtobeC.ishavingIn50yearsthere_______morerobotsinpeople’shomes.A.wereB.willhaveC.willbeD.have--Willpeoplelivetobe300yearsold?_________.A.No,theyaren’tB.No,theywon’tC.No,theydon’tD.No,theycan’t.They______anyclassesnextweek.A.willhaveB.won’thaveC.haveD.had

Unit8Howdoyoumakeabananamilkshake?短語:milkshaketurnonpourintoacupofyogurtSoundslikeagoodidea/plan.onSaturdaycutupputintoonemorething=anotherthingapieceofbreadatthistimeafew/few(幾乎沒有)fill…with…cover…with…onebyonealongtime短語用法:Howmany+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)Howmuch+不可數(shù)名詞letsb.+dosth.want+todosth.forget+todosth.how+todosth.Therearemanyreasonsfor一段時(shí)間+agoby+doingsth.need+todosth.make+賓語+形容詞It’stime(forsb)+todosthFirst…Next…Then…Finally…句型:Turnontheblender.Howdoyoumakeabananamilkshake?Howmanybananasdoweneed?Howmuchyogurtdoweneed?Now,it’stimetoenjoythericenoodles!語法:主謂一致判斷法:不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)詞不定式作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。either…or…,neither…nor…,notonly…butalso..連接兩個(gè)名詞或代詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞與鄰近的名詞或代詞在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。在here,there開頭的倒裝句中,謂語動(dòng)詞與后面的名詞在數(shù)上保持一致。詞語辨析:turnon打開,接通(電源,氣,水),反義詞是turnoff.turnup/turndown調(diào)高/低音量。pour…into…將…倒入/灌入…into是:進(jìn)入…in是:在…內(nèi)。在put,throw,break,lay,fall等動(dòng)詞之后,既可用in,也可用into。但in可作副詞,into不能。Heputallthebooksin/intothebag.Comein!3.有關(guān)make的短語:makethebed鋪床maketea沏茶maketrouble惹麻煩makemoney賺錢makeadecision做決定makeatelephonecall打電話makeavisit拜訪makeamistake犯錯(cuò)誤makeanoise弄出噪音makealiving謀生makesure務(wù)必4.onemorething=anotheronething基數(shù)詞+more+名詞=another+基數(shù)詞+名詞5.fillwith用…填充…befilledwith=befullof充滿….Theboyfilledthebottlewithsand./Thebagwasfullofclothes.6.cover…with…用…把…覆蓋becoveredwith被…所覆蓋。covern.封面,蓋子。Anncoveredherfacewithherhands./Thecoverofthemagazineisnice.7.It’stime(forsb)todosth.到某人做某事的時(shí)候了。It’stimeforsth.到做某事的時(shí)候了。

Unit9Canyoucometomyparty?短語:onSaturdayafternoonhavetoprepareforanexamgotothedoctor/dentisthavethefluhelpmyparentscometothepartymeetmyfriendgotothepartytoomuchhomeworkgotothemoviesanothertimelastfallhangoutafterschoolontheweekendstudyforatestvisitgrandparentsthedaybeforeyesterdaythedayaftertomorrowlookafterhaveapianolessonacceptaninvitationturndownaninvitationtakeatripattheendofthismonthatthebeginningofthismonthlookforwardtodoingsth.theopeningofgoshoppingtoomuchhomeworkgototheconcertnot…untilreplyinwriting書面回復(fù)replytosth/sb.回復(fù)短語用法:invitesb.todosth.What+a/an+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)(+主語+謂語)!helpsb.(to)dosthWhat+形容詞+名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞(+主語+謂語)!besadtodosth.seesbtodosth/seesbdoingsththebestwaytodosth.haveasurprisepartyforsbWhat’stoday?What’sthedatetoday?Whatdayisittoday?句型:CanyoucometomypartyonSaturdayafternoon?Sure,I’dloveto./Sorry,Ican’t.Ihavetoprepareforanexam.prepare意為“準(zhǔn)備”,強(qiáng)調(diào)準(zhǔn)備的動(dòng)作與過程。賓語是這一動(dòng)作的承受者。

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