專題04閱讀理解之說(shuō)明文-5年(2018-2022)中考1年模擬英語(yǔ)真題分項(xiàng)匯編(廣東專用)(原卷版)

5年（2018-2022）中考1年模擬英語(yǔ)真題分項(xiàng)匯編（廣東專用）專題03閱讀理解之說(shuō)明文（2022·廣東廣州·中考真題）CharlesDarwinEarlyyearsCharlesDarwinwasoneofthesixchildrenfromabigfamily.HisgrandfatherandfatherweredoctorsandtheyoungDarwinwenttoEdinburghUniversitytostudymedicine.However,hehatedtoseebloodandhesoonrealizedthathecouldn’tbeadoctor.HethenwenttoCambridgeUniversityanddiscoveredthathehadagreatinterestinstudyingplants,insectsandanimals.Luckily,oneofDarwin’suniversityteachershelpedhim,jointheperfecttripforabiologist:avoyagearoundtheworldtostudynature.TheBeagleIn1831,CharlesDarwinleftPlymouthonTheBeagle,ashipthattookhimaroundtheworldforfiveyears.Whilehewastravelling,hestudiedtheplantsandanimalsinthecountriesandontheislandsthattheshipvisited.DarwinalsospenthistimeonTheBeaglewritingnotesaboutthethingshehadseen.WhenhefinallyarrivedbackinBritain,Darwinwasalreadystartingtocreatehisfamoustheorythatalllivingthingshadacommonancestor(祖先).DownhouseAthomeatDownHouse,aplacethatyoucanstillvisittoday,Darwinwrotemanyarticlesandbooksabouthistravels,buthedidn’twanttomakeanythingabouthistheoryknowntothepublic.Heworkedinhisstudy,wherehewrote250,000wordsabouthistheoryofevolution(進(jìn)化論),buthewasfrightenedaboutwhatpeoplemightsayabouthisideathatmonkeysweretheancestorsofhumans.Hethoughtthepublicwouldbeagainstitandwassofrightenedthathebecameillwithworry.However,whenanotherscientiststartedtowriteaboutsimilarideas,Darwindecidedtoprinthisbook,OntheOriginofSpecies.MostscientistsacceptedDarwin’stheoryandpeoplecontinuetostudyittoday.On12thFebruary,thedayhewasborn,DarwinDayiscelebratedaroundtheworldtoencouragemorepeopletostudythenaturalworld.10．WhatcausedDarwintogiveuphisstudyofmedicine?A．Hedidn’tlikeseeingblood. B．Hefoundthestudiestoodifficult.C．Hewaspushedtogiveupbyhisfamily. D．Hewasadvisedtostudynaturalscience.11．WhywasthetriponTheBeagleimportanttoDarwin?A．Ithelpedhimtofinishhisstudyattheuniversity.B．Itallowedhimtochangehismindabouthisfuture.C．Itgavehimideasaboutthebeginningsofhumanlife.D．Itgothimtocompletehismostfamousbookontheship.12．InwhatorderdidthefollowinghappeninDarwin’slife?a.HearrivedbackinBritainin1836.b.Hethoughtthepublicwouldnotsupporthisideas.c.Hebecameinterestedinstudyingthenaturalworld.d.Heprintedhisfamousbook,OntheOriginofSpecies.e.Hereceivedhelptogetaplaceonatriparoundtheworld.f.Hestudiedtheplantsandanimalsontheislandshevisited.A．e→f→c→a→b→d B．c→e→f→a→b→d C．e→f→a→c→d→b D．c→e→f→d→a→b13．Whydidthewriterincludethelastparagraph?A．TointroduceDarwin’sfamousbook.B．TotellhowpeoplecelebrateDarwinDay.C．ToexplainwhypeopleacceptDarwin’sideas.D．ToshowDarwin’sinfluenceonnaturalscience.（2022·廣東廣州·中考真題）Whenyouandyourfriendsturntoeachothertotalkaboutproblemsortroubles,yougiveeachotheradviceandhelp.Oneimportantthingofourgrowthistomakedecisionstohelpourfriendsandlearntosupporteachother.Thisrequiresustolearnwhatitmeanstohelpfriendsandhowtohelptheminrightways.Thefirststeptowardhelpingothersistoidentifythattheyneedhelp.Weallknowthatdifficultiesarepartofourdailylives.However,sometimessmallthingscanleadtomoreseriousproblemsthatrequiremorehelp.It’simportanttomakesurewhentohelpafriend.Forexample,youmaypickupsomesignsthatyourfriendsarenotactinglikethemselves.Thesesignsshowtheymaynotbewell.Thenextsteptowardhelpingothersistolisten.Payingattentiontootherswhilelisteningisveryimportantthroughoutourlife.Whenwecommunicatewithothers,weneedtolearnwhentospeakandwhennotto.Aslisteners,weshouldtrytounderstandwhatthespeakersarefeelingorexperiencingandtrytoseethingsfromtheirperspectives.Listeningandpayingattentiontootherswhentheyspeakisasignofrespectandaskillthatwillleadtodeeperandbetterrelationships.19．Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A．Todiscusswhypeoplehelpeachother. B．Todescribetheproblemsofgivinghelp.C．Tointroducetheadvantagesofgivinghelp. D．Toexplainhowwecanhelpothersproperly.20．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“identify”inparagraph2mean?A．Require. B．Discover. C．Suggest. D．Remember.21．Whatisthemainideaofparagraph3?A．Actasagoodlistenertoyourfriends. B．Learnhowtogiveadvicetoyourfriends.C．Payattentiontoyourfriends’unusualacts. D．Buildgoodrelationshipswithyourfriends.22．Accordingtothewriter,whatshouldyoudoifyourfriendsdon’tfollowyouradviceontheirseriousproblems?A．Keeptheirproblemsassecrets. B．Letthemmaketheirowndecisions.C．Findoutthecausesoftheirproblems. D．Gethelpfromtheirtrustedteachers.（2022·廣東廣州·中考真題）Imagineyouareinanewcity.Youasksomeonehowtogettoabookstore.Theytellyoutogostraight,turnleft,andyouwillfinditonyourleft.Infact,youcanalsofindyourwaywithaphone.Nowimagineyouareinanoutdoorgame.Youonlyhaveamapandacompass,andinsteadofrunningdownacityroad,youmayneedtorunaroundinthewoods,climboverrocksandgoupanddownhills.Welcometoorienteering!Inthegameoforienteering,playersuseamapandacompasstofindstations.Thesestationsarecalledcontrols.Aspecialflag,usuallyinbrightcolours,markseachcontrol.Controlsarenoteasytofind.Theymaybeinfrontofabigrockorbehindatree.Inmostofthegames,you’llhavetofindcontrolsinnumberedorder,butinsomegamesyoucanchangetheorder.Ateachcontrol,playersmarkacardtheycarrywiththemandthecardwillbemarkedindifferentways(SeeFigure1).Thecardsareveryimportantbecauseplayersmustfindallthecontrolstowin.Ifsomeonemissesacontrol,theywon’thavethatmarkontheircards.Theymightcrossthefinishlinefirst,butthenextpersontofinishwithafullcardwillwinthegame.OrienteeringControlCardCultureNote:ThefirstcompasswasinventedbyancientChinesepeople.IthelpsyoufindyourwaybyalwayspointingtotheNorth.NameStarttimeCourseAgeClassFinishtime123456789101112Figure123．Whatwillplayerscarryinthegame?A．Amap,acompassandaflag. B．Aflag,acompassandacard.C．Acompass,amapandacard. D．Aphone,acompassandamap.24．Whichofthefollowingisaruleofthegame?A．Youdon’tneedtomarkthecards.B．Youcan’tmissanyofthecontrolstowin.C．Youhavetofindcontrolsinnumberedorder.D．Youmustbethefirsttopassthefinishlinetowin.25．HowmanycontrolshasAnnafinishedinthegame?A．9. B．10. C．11. D．12.（2019·廣東中考真題）Inourdailylife,robotsareoftenfoundtodoworkthatistoodangerous,boring,difficult,ordirty.Andweoftenseekidsplaywithtoyrobots.Butwhatexactlyisarobot?Therearesomeimportantcharacteristics(特征)thatarobotmusthave.Thesecharacteristicsmighthelpyoutodecidewhatisandwhatisnotarobot.Itwillalsohelpyoutodecidewhatyouwillneedtobuildintoamachinebeforeitcanbeconsideredasarobot.Arobothastheseimportantcharacteristics.SensingFirstofall,yourrobotwouldhavetobeabletosensetheenvironmentaroundit.Giveyourrobotsensors(傳感器)：lightsensors(eyes),touchsensors(hands),chemicalsensors(nose),hearingsensors(ears)andtastesensors(tongue).MovementArobotneedstobeabletomovearounditsenvironment.Itcanmoveonwheel,walkonlegsorbedrivenbysmallengines(發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)).Arobotcanmoveeitherthewholebodyorjustpartsofit.EnergyArobotneedstobeabletopoweritself.Somerobotsmightpoweritselfwithsunlight,somemightwithelectricity,whileotherswiththebattery(電池).Thewayyourrobotgetsitsenergywilldependonwhatyourrobotneedstodo.IntelligenceArobotneedssomekindof"smarts".Aprogrammeristhepersonwhogivestherobotits"smarts".Therobotwillhavetohaveacertainwaytoreceivetheprogramsothatitknowswhatitistodo.42．The

underlined

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Paragraph

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is

about____.A．the

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how

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passage?A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five.45．The

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the

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is____.A．能源 B．勤奮 C．智能 D．外觀46．What

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the

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the

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help

people

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what

a

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tell

what

a

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in

our

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of

robots.（2019·廣東廣州中考真題）Theysaythat“travelisthebestteacher”andthereisnobetterexampleofthisideathantheMingdynastytravelwriterandgeographerXuXiake(1587-1641).HisbookTheTravelNotesofXuXiake,notonlyencouragedaloveoftravellingamongChinesepeoplebutprovidedimportantscientificinformationaboutthecountry'slandandgeography.BornintoawealthyJiangyinfamily,Xubecameinterestedinbooksaboutdifferentplacesatanearlyageandwantedtotravel.Whenhewas18,however,Xu'sfatherdiedandso,itseemedimpossibleforhistravellingdreams.Henowwasresponsibleforthefamilyfarmandtakingcareofhis60-year-oldmotherastraditionrequired.Buthismotherhaddifferentideas.Understandingherson’sloveoftravelandvaluingtheknowledgehecouldgetfromsuchexperiences,thismodern-thinkingwomanrefusedtokeephersonathome.SheagreedthatXucouldtravelforthreemonthseveryyear,whentherewaslessfarmwork.Soattheageoftwentyandwithhismother'ssupport,Xusetoffforthefirsttime,leavingbehindnotonlyhismotherbuthisnewwifeaswell.Hewouldrepeatthisgoodbyeeachyearformostofthenext30years.Duringthistime,hetravelledthroughouttheMingkingdom,carefullystudyingthelandshepassedthroughandrecordinghisexperiencesandmanydiscoveriesinadiary.Thisdiary,whichoncehadover500,000words,wouldeventuallybecomeTheTravelNotesofXuXiake.Althoughrich,Xuavoidedcomfortabletravel,preferringtogoalmosteverywhereonfoot.Thiswayhecouldresearchtheenvironmentindetailandgetatruepictureofthenaturalworld.Manyofhistripsweretohard-to-reachmountainareas,andthroughwildforestswherefewpeoplelived.Hiswillingnesstofacehardshipscameatacost,however.Progresswasslowandtiringandhewasfrequentlysick,robbedandbeatenduringhisjourneysSadlyXubecameseriouslyillduringhislastandlongestjourney,a4-yeartripthroughtheSouthwestofChina.Hediedin1641,soonafterreturningtohishometownforthelasttime.Whenhisdiarywasfinallyprintedyearsafterhisdeath,muchofithadbeendestroyedorlost.Althoughincomplete,itstillmadeXuatravellinglegendaroundtheworld.47．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout______.A．ThegeneraldetailsofXuXiake'slifestoryB．ThedifficultiesXuXiakefacedinhistravelsC．TheimportantdiscoveriesmadebyXuXiakeD．TheinfluenceofXu'sbookTheTravelNotesofXuXiake48．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesXu'smother?A．Strictbutinteresting B．KindbutuneducatedC．Helpfulandhardworking D．Supportiveandopen-minded49．WhydidXupreferwalkingduringhistravels?A．Itgavehimthechancetomeetdifferentkindsofpeople.B．Ithelpedhimtosavemoneyandtravelforalongertime.C．Itallowedhimtoseeandstudytheenvironmentindetail.D．Itwastheonlywaytoreachtheplaceshewasinterestedin.50．WhatistrueaboutXu'sbookTheTravelNotesofXuXiake?A．ItwasonlymadepublicafterXudied.B．ItmadeXuveryfamousduringhislifetime.C．ItwasthefirsttravelbookeverwritteninChina.D．ItwasmainlyaboutthedifferentpeopleofChina.51．WhatisthecorrectorderforthefollowingeventsfromXu'slife?a.Hewentonhisfirstjourney.b.Hisbookwasfinallyprinted.c.Hereturnedtohishometownforthelasttime.d.Hedevelopedaninterestinbooksaboutotherplaces.e.Hestartedmanagingthefamilyfarmafterhisfatherdied.A．a(chǎn)-e-d-c-bB．d-e-a-c-bC．d-e-a-b-cD．e-d-a-b-c（2019·廣東深圳市·中考真題）Sendingpackets，shoppingforeverydaygoodsandevenbuildingahouse，thesearenewskillsthatnewrobotsshowattheWorldRobotExhibition．RoBohoNScientistsarerecommendingthelatesttalkingrobots．Theycanbehighlyintelligentintheirresponses．RoBohoN，just10cmtall，makesalivelydescriptionoftheGreatWallandthePalaceMuseum．ItcanspeakChinese，Englishoranyotherlanguageyoulike．HumanSupportThisrobotstandsat1mtallandlookslikeacontainerwitharms．Itprovidesmuchsupporttodifferentplacesandkeepsintouchwiththeoutsideworldthroughtheinternet．HRP﹣5PAsworldcitiescontinuedeveloping，therearebuildingsiteseverywhere，buttherearen'tenoughpeopletobuildthem．HRP﹣5Plookslikeastrongbuilder．Itstandsat1.8mtallandweighs101kg．Itiscreatedtocarryouttheheavybuildingtasks．CarriRoCarriRo，intheshapeofatoybus，hasfriendly"eyes"onitsfront．Itworksasapostmanandsendspackagesbyrollingaroundthestreets．IthasaGPStotravel．ThepersonwhoreceivesthepackageissentacodetothesmartphonetoopentheCarriRoandgetthepackage．52．HowtallistheRoBohoN？A．0.1meter B．1meter C．1.8meter D．101meters53．WhichRobotisthebesthelpertotheoldpeople'shomes？A．RoBohoN B．HumanSupportRobot C．HRP﹣5P D．CarriRo54．HowdoestheownerofthepackageopentheCarriRo？A．byworkingasapostman B．byrollingaroundthestreetC．byfollowingtheGPS D．byusingthecode55．Inwhichpartofanewspapercanwefindthispassage？A．culture B．sports C．science D．people（2019·廣東深圳市·中考真題）Thejourneytoandfromschoolisamajorreasonforstressthroughouttheworld．Andthejourneycanevenmakeyousick．Yetonecityhasfoundawaytomakeitstrainjourneysmorecomfortablewhileofferingenjoyablereadingatthesametime，justlikeinalibrary．OntwotrainlinesinBeijing，theundergroundcars（車廂）havebeenturnedintolibraries，butthey'renottraditionallibraries．Insteadofrealcopiesofbooks，theundergroundcarsprovidee﹣books．Whenpassengersgetintothecars，theycanseepicturesofdifferentbookcoversonthewallsandevendoors．Passengerscanbrowse（瀏覽）thebooksjustlikeinanyotherlibrary．Oncethey'vemadetheirchoice，theycanuseamobilephonetoscantheQRcode（掃二維碼）onthecoveroftheirchosenbook．TheQRcodeleadstoane﹣bookapp，onwhichthepassengerscanreadthee﹣bookforfree．Andtheycanstillenjoythebookontheappevenafterleavingthetrain．Thankstotheunderground'sidea，passengerscandiscovernewstorieseverytimetheytakearide．Inthisway，thejourneywillnotbeboringanylonger，andpassengerswillnotcomplainaboutthejourneyeither．Instead，theycanbenefit（受益）alotfromit．Readinge﹣bookscanreallymakethejourneymoreenjoyable﹣it'soneofthethingsthatsuccessfulpassengersusuallydo．Infact，inthiskindofspeciallibrary，thebookscangoonforever！56．Howdopassengersusuallyfeelabouttheirjourneystoandfromwork？A．Comfortable． B．Enjoyable． C．Painful． D．Cheerful．57．WhichstatementisTRUEaboutpassengersinparagraph3？A．Theyreadpaperbooksonthetrain． B．TheycanbrowsetheQRcodetobuythebooks．C．TheycanscantheQRcodetobuythebooks． D．Theycanenjoythebookontheappaftertheride．58．Whatdoes"it"refertointheparagraph4？A．Thejourney． B．Thestory． C．Thepassenger． D．Theunderground．59．Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage？A．TheBestTrainRide． B．TheEnjoyableJourney．C．TheFutureLibrary． D．TheMovingLibrary．（2020·廣東省中考真題）Itisnecessaryforstudentstolearnsometeamskillslikedevelopingrelationships,communicatingwellwithothersandsolvingproblems.Herearetwofunteamactivities.

Activity1:WaterRelay(接力賽)Tools●Twolargebuckets(水桶)toholdwater●OnesmallbucketforeachteammemberInstructions●Fillonelargebucketwithwater.●Makeholesinthebottomofthesmallbuckets.●Havetheteammemberslineupbetweenthetwolargebuckets.●Passthewaterfromonelargebuckettotheother,usingsmallbuckets.Trytokeepasmuchwateraspossible.WhyIt’sFun●It’sfuntoworkoutawaytoloseaslittlewateraspossible.●It’swater.Isn’titfuntogetyouwetonahotsummerday?Activity2:TruthandLieThisactivitywillallowteammemberstolearnabouteachother.Instructions●Haveeachteammemberthinkofthreepiecesofinformationaboutthemselves,andoneofthemisalie.●Eachteammembertellsthegroupallthethreepiecesofinformation.Lettheotherteammembersguesswhichisthelie.WhyIt’sFun●Studentslovetalkingaboutthemselvesandthisgivesthemthechancetodoso.●Memberscanlearnabouteachother.●Memberswillbesurprisedatwhatothersthinkofthem.60．Howmanyteamskillsdoesthewritermention(提及)inParagraph1?A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four.61．WhattoolsareneededforeachteaminWaterRelay?A．Onelargebucketforeachmember.B．Twolargebucketsforeachmember.C．Onesmallbucketforeachmemberandtwolargebuckets.D．Twosmallbucketsforeachmemberandonelargebucket.62．InordertowinWaterRelay,theteammembersshould________.A．getthemselveswet B．loseaslittlewateraspossibleC．passthewaterasslowlyaspossible D．passthelargebuckettotheotherteam63．ItisfuntoplayTruthandLiebecauseteammemberscan________.A．talkaboutthemselves B．sharelovewitheachotherC．tellliestosurpriseothers D．learnalltheinformationaboutothers64．Thispassageismostprobablyfrom________.A．a(chǎn)sciencebook B．a(chǎn)travelguideC．a(chǎn)newswebsite D．a(chǎn)schoolmagazine（2020·廣東省中考真題）OncethereweremanythousandsofGourmaDesert(沙漠)elephantsinMali,acountryinWestAfrica.Now,therearefewerthanfourhundred.Whydidthenumberoftheelephantsdropsoquickly?Ontheonehand,theelephants’mainlake,theironlywatersource(來(lái)源),driedup.Ontheotherhand,thelandwhichtheelephantslivedonwasoverusedbyhumans.Toprotecttheelephants’livingenvironment,theMaliElephantProject(MEP)wasstartedin2007.MEPmetwithlocalpeopleandhelpedthemmakerulesofusinglandandwater.Asaresult,thesituationbecamebetterandtherewasmorefood,forestandgrassland.However,from2012to2016,poaching(偷獵)andillegaltradeintheelephantsincreasedrapidly.Eighty-threeelephantswerelostin2015alone,andanotherfifty-oneelephantwerekilledin2016.“Ifthissituationgoeson,alltheGourmaelephantswillbekilledby2020,”saidamemberofMEP.Luckily,thevoiceofMEPwasheard.Moreorganizations(組織)havejoinedtogethertoeducatethelocalpeoplethattradingelephantsisagainstthelaw.Elephantpoachinghasdroppedtoaverylowlevel.Thelocalpeoplehavelearnedtolivepeacefullywiththeelephants,oneofthewildlifetreasuresintheworld.65．MEPwasstartedto________.A．raisemoreelephantsinMali B．stopthemainlakefromdryingupC．discoverwatersourceforelephants D．protecttheelephants’livingenvironment66．Whatdoestheword“illegal”inParagraph4meaninChinese?A．公平的 B．虧損的 C．非法的 D．合理的67．Eighty-threeelephantswerelost________.A．in2012 B．in2015 C．in2016 D．in202068．Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthat________.A．thenumberoforganizationshasdropped B．thereismuchlesselephantpoachingnowC．thelocalpeoplekeeptheelephantsathome D．thewholeworldlivepeacefullywithelephants69．Thispassageismainlyabout________.A．therulesofusinglandandwater B．theeducationofthelocalpeopleC．theworkofMaliElephantProject D．thesituationofGourmaDesertelephants（2020·廣東廣州中考真題）FiveinterestingsportsOurmostunusualsportsfromaroundtheworldEverycountryhasanationalsportandsomepopularsportsarenowplayedacrosstheworld,However,inmostcountries,peoplealsoplayunusualsports,withstrangeorinterestingrules.Hereareourtopfiveunusualsportsfromaroundtheplanet.Manvs.HorseMarathonThisracetakesplaceinasmalltowninWales,about200milesfromLondon.It’scalledamarathon(馬拉松),butit'sactually35.4km,not42.2kmlikeausualmarathon.Peopleraceagainsthorsesacrossthehillsandmountains.Itstartedin1981,butahumandidnotwinuntil2004.CamelWrestlingInTurkey,camel（駱駝）wrestlingisaveryoldsport.Thelargestcamelwrestlingcompetitiontakesplaceeveryyearandthousandsofpeoplecome.Inthesport,twocamelsfightagainsteachother.Sometimesthecamelsdonotwanttofightandtheyrunthroughthecrowds,whichcanbedangerous.DragonBoatRacingEveryyearinChina,thousandsofpeoplewatchdragonboatraces.AdragonboatisatraditionalChineseboatwithapainteddragon'sheadononeend.Therecanbeupto36peopleormoreracingineachboatinthewater.DragonboatracingisalsopopularinsomeotherAsiancountries.CaberTossInthissport,playerscompetetothrowalargepieceofwoodcalledacaberasfarastheycan.Thereisnoruleaboutthesizeofthecaber,butit’susuallythesizeofasmalltree.It’sanancientScottishsport.VisitorstotheUKcancheckitout.ChessBoxingAgoodchessboxerneedstobebothstrongandsmart.Playersplayaroundofchess,followedbyaroundofboxing.Thereareelevenroundsintotal.Chessboxingwasinventedin1992byanEnglishcomicbookwriter.ThesportismorepopularinEnglandandGermany.70．WhatcanwelearnaboutManvs.HorseMarathon?A．itisanoutdoorsport. B．Itfirstappeared16yearsago.C．Nohumanhaseverwonthegame. D．Itfollowstherulesofausualmarathon.71．WhichofthefollowingismentionedaboutCamelWrestling?A．Itshouldbestopped. B．It’sworthseeing.C．Itsunfairtotheanimals. D．It’ssometimesdangeroustowatch.72．WhichpicturebestdescribesCaberToss?A． B． C． D．73．WhichsportispopularinAsia?A．Manvs.HorseMarathon. B．DragonBoatRacing.C．CaberToss. D．ChessBoxing.74．Howmanysportshaveanimalsasplayers?A．1 B．2. C．3. D．4.（2020·廣東深圳中考真題）Whatwillastronauts（宇航員）eatwhenaspacetriptakesyears?“Lotsoffreshvegetables,”saysDr.JanetWilliams,whoseteamhavespentthelast10yearslearninghowtogrowplantsinaspacestation.Andit’sagoodthingthatshehasalreadystartedherwork,becausespacegardeningcanbereallyhard.Asusual,astronautGeorgeWhitelookedintotheclosedplantroom.HehadplantedDr.Williams’squick-growingseedlingsinit,butnoneofthestemswereshowing.Heopenedtheroomtocheckandfoundtheproblem.Thestemsweren’tgrowingupwardandtherootsweren'tgrowingdownward.OnEarth,gravity（重力）helpsaplant’sstemsandrootstofind“up”and“down”.However,inthespacestation,therewasalmostnogravity.Dr.Williamssuggestedasolution:givetheplantsmorelight,asplantsalsousesunlighttofindtheirway.Anditworked.Whentheplantshadmorelight,thestemsturnedupandtherootswentdown.NowDr.Williamswasfreetoworryaboutthenextproblem:Wouldherbabyplantslivetoflower?Canwegrowfoodonaspacejourney?Manyplantsdiedinthespacestation.Dr.Williamsthoughtsheknewwhy:thespaceplantswerehungryforair.PlantslivebytakingupCO2fromtheair.Sinceaplantusesitupintheairaround,theplantneedsmovingairtobringmoreCO2closetoitssurface!OnEarth,theairisalwaysmoving.Gravitypullsdowncoldair,andwarmairrises.Andwiththeseairmovements,plantsgetenoughCO2.Manyearlierexperimentswithplantsinspacehadusedclosedrooms.Dr.Williamstriedanewgreenhousethathadafantokeeptheairmove.Theplantslovedit.Theyfloweredandevenproducedmoreseeds.UsingDr.Williams'smethod,astronautGeorgecompletedthefirstseed-to-seedexperimentinspace,andmovedoneplantclosertoagardeninspace.“Andthis,”saysDr.Williams,“isgoodnewsforlong-termspacetravel.”75．WhyhaveDr.Williams’steamtriedtogrowplantsinspace?A．Toproducefreshairforastronauts.B．Tohelpastronautsrelaxthemselves.C．Toprovidefoodforlongspacejourneys.D．Tomakethespacegardenmorebeautiful.76．HowdidlighthelpsolvetheproblemmentionedinParagraph3?A．Itcausedthegravitytochange.B．Itencouragedtheplantstogrowfaster.C．Ithelpedtheplantstogrowintherightdirection.D．Itshowedtheastronautswheretoplantvegetables.77．Whydidmanyplantsdieinthespacestation?A．Thelightwastoostrong.B．TherewastoomuchCO2.C．Therewasnotenoughroomtogrow.D．Theairconditionwasnotgoodenough.78．Theunderlinedword“it”inParagraph7refersto________.A．themovingair B．theclosedroom C．thespacejourney D．thespacegarden79．WhatcanwelearnaboutDr.Williams’steamfromthepassage?A．Theymainlyliveonfreshvegetables.B．Theyhavesuccessfullybuiltaspacegarden.C．Theyinventedaspecialfanfortheirgreenhouse.D．Theyhaveworkedonspacegardeningformanyyears.（2020·廣東深圳市·中考真題）TheTaojinshanGreenway(綠道)inShenzhenhasbeenopentocitizenssinceJuly,2019.SittingatthewestsideofShenzhenReservoir,itisaslongas7.07kilometers.Withplantsalongbothsidesandlakeslyingatdifferentsites,touristscanenjoywonderfulsceneryalltheway.Iftheyaretired,theyarefreetotakearestatthe3stopsthatwerebuiltforbreaks.Additionally,fiveunusedguardposts(崗?fù)?alongtheoldroutehaveremained.Theyserveassightseeingplatformsforvisitorstofeeltheculturalspiritbehindtheplace.Ofallits13scenicspots,8weredesignedtohaveAIhelpers.Fromthem,visitorscangaininformationonparking,tourguideservicesandmore.Thesmartgreenway,withfreeWi-Fiavailable,alsoprovidesenvironmentaldate,suchastemperature,windspeedandairquality.What'smore,itcangivevisitorswarningsofcomingextreme(極端的)weatherandnaturaldisasters,includingrainstormsandtyphoonsthatmayhitShenzhen."Startedinthemiddleof2015,thebuildingprocessoftheTaojinshanGreenwayhastakengoodcareofthewildlifeandenvironmentnearby"saidYangShiming,anofficialinchargeoftheproject.Thegreenwayisanexampleofconstructionprojectswithoutdoinghamtothenature.Italsoshowstherolethattechnologyplaysinbuildingasmartgreenwayformorelifeconvenience."80．HowlongdidittaketofinishtheTaojinshanGreenway?A．About3years B．About4years. C．About5years D．About6years.81．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"