初中英語被動語態(tài)

初中語法

被動語態(tài)一、概念語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，用以說明(主語與謂語動詞)之間的關(guān)系英語的語態(tài)有兩種：主動&被動主動語態(tài)，即主語是動作的執(zhí)行者；被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者,執(zhí)行者由by引出比較：A：Many

people

speak

English.

B:Englishisspokenbymanypeople.

二、被動語態(tài)根本結(jié)構(gòu)1.根本結(jié)構(gòu)：“be動詞+及物動詞過去分詞〞2.be動詞有時態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化。Englishistaughtinmostschool.大多數(shù)學校都教英語。Thechildrenarenotallowedtoplayonthegrass.孩子們不被允許在草地上玩耍。Theinjuredweretakentohospital.受傷的人都被送往醫(yī)院了。

三、被動語態(tài)的用法1.需要強調(diào)或突出動作的承受者，而不強調(diào)動作的執(zhí)行者。Chineseisspokenbymoreandmorepeople.比較：MoreandmorepeoplespeakChinese.2.不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執(zhí)行者是誰This

book

was

published

in

1981.ThiswatchismadeinChina.Moretreesmustbeplantedeveryyear.3.動作不是人發(fā)出的Manyhouseswerewashedawaybytheflood.Manypeoplewerekilledduringtheearthquake.八種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)〔1〕被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成例句一般現(xiàn)在時am/is/are+及物動詞過去分詞Thestudentsaregivenalotofworktodo.Trees

areplantedeveryyear.一般過去時was/were+及物動詞過去分詞Thekitewasmadebyhim.Theglasswasbrokenbymylittlebrother.含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)情態(tài)動詞+be+及物動詞過去分詞Icanfindhim.--Hecanbefoundbyme.Childrenshouldbetaughttoloveanimals.應該教會孩子們愛動物。--Foodsafetyisveryimportant.–Sosomerules____tostoppeoplefrompollutingfood.A.mustmakeB.mustbemadeC.mustmadeD.bemade八種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)〔2〕被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成例句現(xiàn)在進行時am/is/are+being+動詞過去分詞Theflowersarebeingwateredbyher.過去進行時was/were+being+動詞過去分詞Thebridgewasbeingbuiltthistimelastyearbyworkers.八種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)〔3〕被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成例句現(xiàn)在完成時has/have+been+動詞過去分詞Thenovelhasbeentranslatedintoseverallanguagesbyhim.過去完成時had+been+動詞過去分詞Theworkhadbeenfinishedbylastweek.八種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)〔4〕被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成例句一般將來時will/shall+be+動詞過去分詞Treeswillbeplantedbythemtomorrow.過去將來時would/should+be+動詞過去分詞Hesaidsomeforeignerswouldbeinvitedtotheparty.四、主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法1.把主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語。2.把謂語變成被動結(jié)構(gòu)(be＋vt過去分詞)

3.把主動語態(tài)中的主語放在介詞by之后作賓語，將主格改為賓格主動：Thepolice

arrested

thethief.

321被動：Thethief

wasarrested

bythepolice.

1234.如果主動句中有兩個賓語〔直接和間接〕，可以把任意一個賓語變成被動句的主語。主動：Myparentsgavemeabook.被動1：Iwasgivenabookbymyparents.被動2：Abookwasgiventomebymyparents.5.時態(tài)保持一致主動語態(tài)：I

repaired

my

computeryesterday.被動語態(tài)：My

computer

wasrepairedyesterday.6.否認式和疑問式的變化Eg：Mycomputerhasn’tbeenrepaired.--Wasmycomputerrepairedyesterday?--Yes,itwas;No,itwasn’t.練習1.Anewhospital______inmytownnextyear.A.buildsB.builtC.isbuiltD.willbebuilt2.Keepquiet,please！Talking____duringthemeeting.A.isnotallowedB.isallowedC.doesn’tallowD.allows1.Thepollutionproblemhereseemstogetmoreandmoreserious.Something____withit.AhasdoneBmustbedoneCisdoingDwasdone2.--Lotsoftreesandflowers___onbothsidesof

roadlastyear.--Oh,that’sbeautiful.A.areplantedBwereplantingCwereplantedDhaveplanted3.-Ifyou___achancetogoabroadforfurtherstudyoneday,willyougiveupyourwell-paidjob?-Ofcourse.AareofferedBwillbeofferedCofferDwilloffer4.-Whatdoyouthinkofthebookontheshelf?-Iloveit.It___byMoYanlastyear,anditisverypopular.AwritesBwroteCwaswrittenDiswritten5.Newlawsondriving___atthebeginningofthisyear.Somepeoplesaythenewrulesaretoostrictforthedrivers.ApassedBwillpassCwerepassedDwillbepassed6.Icann’tunderstandwhatthebookisaboutbecauseit___inEnglish.AwritesBwillwriteCiswrittenDwillbewritte7.Iwon’tleavemyofficeuntilmywork___.A.willfinishBarefinishedCisfinishedDwasfinished8.-Ourclassroomisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful-Sure,manytrees___everyyear.A.plantBisplantedCareplantedDwasplanted9.-Thenewcomputers__tothevillageschool.Doyouknow?-Yes,Iheardofit.AgaveBgiveCwasgivenDweregiven10.ThestarhasalotofwomenfansinChina.HisseveralTVplays___intoChinese.AwastranslatedBistranslatedCweretranslatedDtranslate11.Theofficephonesaredirtyandthey___nextweek.AwillcleanBwillbecleanedCarecleaningDarecleaned被動語態(tài)本卷須知1.使役和感官動詞的變化在使役動詞havemakegetlet以及感官動詞seewatchnoticehearfeelobserve等后面不定式做賓語補語時，在主動語態(tài)中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時，要加to1.Weoftenhearthegirlsinginherroomintheevening.被動：Thegirlisoftenheardtosinginherroomintheevening.2.Hisexpressionalwaysmakemelaugh.被動：Iamalwaysmadetolaughbyhisexpression.2.帶有復合賓語動詞的被動語態(tài)“賓語+賓語補足語“一起構(gòu)成復合賓語Mymotheraskedmetocleanmyroomyesterday被動：Iwasaskedbymymothertocleanmyroomyesterday..Isawsomeboysplayingfootballontheplayground.被動：Someboyswereseenplayingfootballontheplaygroundbyme.3.短語動詞的被動語態(tài)不能丟掉動詞后的介詞主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍觕arryoutbecarriedoutlookafterbelookedaftertalkaboutbetalkedaboutlaughatbelaughedatOurhomeworkmustbehandedintomorrowmorning.Theplanshouldbecarriedoutinadvance.4、謂語動詞的主動形式表被動1〕一些動詞如open,lock,write,read,sell,clean,wash,cut,burn,drive等用作不及物動詞描述主語特征時，常用主動形式表達被動意義，主語通常是物。Thesweaterwasheswell.這毛衣很耐洗。Thepenwritesverysmoothly.這筆寫起來非常流暢2〕有些不及物動詞和短語有被動意義，但是以主動形式表示，如happen，takeplace，breakout，comeout，cometrue，runoutHisdreamcametrueatlastaftermanyyears’hardwork.3〕連系動詞feel,sound,taste,feel主動形式表被動Yourideasoundsreasonable.4〕therebe句型沒有被動beworthdoing主動表被動want/need/require+doing=...+tobedoneMybikeneedsrepairing.=Mybikeneedstoberepaired.系表結(jié)構(gòu)和被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別：1.Theshopisclosedat9o’clock.(動作〕Theshopisclosedtoday.(狀態(tài)〕不營業(yè)2.系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過去分詞可以被副詞修飾Heissoworriedabouthisexam.3.主系表結(jié)構(gòu)一般只有一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時結(jié)構(gòu)1.Thepollutionproblemhereseemstogetmoreandmoreserious.Something___withit.AhasdoneBmustbedoneCisdoingDwasdone2.Lotsoftreesandflowers___onbothsidesofHuashanRoadlastyear.--Oh,that’sbeautiful.A.areplantedBwereplantingCwereplantedDhaveplanted3.Ifyou___achancetogoabroadforfurtherstudyoneday,willyougiveupyourwell-paidjob?-Ofcourse.AareofferedBwillbeofferedCofferDwilloffer4.-Whatdoyouthinkofthebookontheshelf?-Iloveit.It___byMoYanlastyear,anditisverypopular.AwritesBwroteCwaswrittenDiswritten5.Newlawsondriving___atthebeginningofthisyear.Somepeoplesaythenewrulesaretoostrictforthedrivers.ApassedBwillpassCwerepassedDwillbepassed6.-Wouldyoumindmysittinghere?-Sorry,it___already.AtookBhastakenCistakingDhasbeentaken7.Ican’tunderstandwhatthebookisaboutbecauseit___inEnglish.AwritesBwillwriteCiswrittenDwillbewritten8.Iwon’tleavemyofficeuntilmywork__.A.willfinishBarefinishedCisfinishedDwasfinished9.-Ourclassroomisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful-Sure,manytrees_everyyear.A.plantBisplantedCareplantedDwasplanted18.-Thenewcomputers__tothevillageschool.Doyouknow?-Yes,Iheardofit.AgaveBgiveCwasgivenDweregiven19.LeeMinhohasalotofwomenfansinChina.HisseveralTVplays___intoChinese.AwastranslatedBistranslatedCweretranslatedDtranslate9.Thepollutionproblemhereseemstogetmoreandmoreserious.Something____withit.AhasdoneBmustbedoneCisdoingDwasdone10.Lotsoftreesandflowers___onbothsidesofHuashanRoadlastyear.--Oh,that’sbeautiful.A.areplantedBwereplantingCwereplantedDhaveplanted11.Ifyou___achancetogoabroadforfurtherstudyoneday,willyougiveupyourwell-paidjob?-Ofcourse.AareofferedBwillbeofferedCofferDwilloffer20.-It’sdifficultforthevillagechildrentocrosstheriverforschool.-Ithinkabridge___overtheriver.A.shouldbebuiltBisbeingbuiltChasbeenbuiltDwasbuilt21.-AspeechonAmericanculture___intheschoolhallyesterdayafternoon.--It’sapity.Imissedit.AgaveBwasgivenChasgivenDisgiven22.-WhydoIhavetodothework?--Don’taskwhy.Justdoasyou___.AaretoldBtoldChastoldDaretelling.24.〞Gohomeoften〞___intotheChineselawin2013.AhaswrittenBiswrittenCwillwriteDwaswritten25.-whyareyoucomingsolate?Thelecturehasbeenonfortwentyminutes.-Butwe___tocomeattwoo’clock.It’sexactlythetime.AhavetoldBweretoldCaretoldDhadtold26.WhenTim___whyhewaslateforschool,hejustkeptsilent.AwasaskedBasedCwasaskingdisasked.27.Lookatournewschool.It___lastyear.AbuiltBwasbuiltCisbuiltDwillbebuilt28.Manystudents__-chancestoshowthemselvesinclassbecausetheclasssizeistobig.Adon’t