2023版高三一輪總復習英語外研版課時分層作業(yè)7　Food for thought

課時分層作業(yè)（七）

I.閱讀理解

A

(2021?福州市質量檢測)Thenewyearalwaysbringspredictions.Youknowwho

getsthemright?

BLUETOOTH

Inhisfuturistic1953novelFahrenheit451,RayBradburyanticipatedBluetooth,

describingwirelessearphonesthatallowedfor“anelectronicoceanofsound,music

andtalks”tobetransferredthroughtheair.Imaginehowthrilledhewouldhave

beenwithaBluetoothtoaster!ThatwastheideabehindGriffinJsConnectedToaster,

whichwarnedyouviayoursmartphonewhenyourtoastwasdone.At$100,this

babycostalotofbread,whichmaybewhyitwasdiscontinuedjusttwoyearsafter

beinglaunched.

SMARTWATCH

TheAppleWatchletsyouchat,playgames,andwatchvideosonadevice

fastenedtoyourwrist.Cool,huh?TheJetsonsthoughtso...in1962一whenSteve

Jobswasstillinsecondgrade!

WI-FI

NikolaTeslacalledit!In1909,thefamouselectricalengineertoldTheNew

YorkTimes,aItwillsoonbepossibletosendwirelessmessagesallovertheworldso

simplythatanyindividualcancarryandoperatehisownequipment.vNodoubthe

wasthinkingoftheKerastaseHairCoachbrush,whichmeasuredbrushingspeedand

employedamicrophonetolistentoyourhair,alltocomputeanoverallhair-quality

scoresenttoyoursmartphone.(Alas,itisgonetoo.)

GPS

WriterArthurC.Clarke(2001：ASpaceOdyssey)sawaworldinwhichnoone

gotlost.In1956,hewrotethatsatellitescouldmakepossibleaposition-findinggrid

(坐標方格)wherebyanyonecouldlocatehimselfbymeansofacoupleofdialsonan

instrumentaboutthesizeofawatch.Clarkedidn，tmentionthathissystemmight

alsotrackanotherperson,suchasacriminal.Lastyear,theNewYorkCitypolice

arrestedarobberwhowaswearingaGPSanklemonitor一becausehewasstillon

probation（緩開ij）forapriorcrime.

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了過去一些人對科技方面的預

測，包括藍牙和全球定位系統(tǒng)等。

1.Whichofthepredictionsistheearliest?

A.BLUETOOTH.B.SMARTWATCH.

C.WI-FLD.GPS.

C［細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)各種預測的內(nèi)容可知，C項對應的時間為1909年，

而A項對應的時間為1953年，B項為1962年，D項為1956年，故選C。］

2.WhymightGriffin，sConnectedToasterdisappear?

A?Tooexpensive.B.Outofdate.

C.Alittleawkward.D.Energy-consuming.

A［細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干中的GriffinJsConnectedToaster定位至

BLUETOOTH部分，根據(jù)該部分中的“At$100,thisbabycostalotofbread,

whichmaybewhyitwasdiscontinuedjusttwoyearsafterbeinglaunched”可知,其

消失的原因可能是價格太高，故選A。1

3.WhatwasClarke5sprediction?

A.AGPSanklemonitor.

B?Arobber-arrestinginstrument.

C.Awatchthatcouldseetheworld.

D.Aninstrumentthatcouldlocateaperson.

D［細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干中的Clarke's定位至GPS部分，根據(jù)該部分中

的“wherebyanyonecouldlocatehimselfbymeansofacoupleofdialsonan

instrumentaboutthesizeofawatch”可知，答案為D。］

B

（2021,濟南市模擬）Theonlythingbetterthanreceivingabookisgettingone

deliveredbyahorse.CaitlinGooch,thefounderofSaddleUpandRead（SUAR）,

literallysaddles（跨上馬鞍）uponeofherfamily'shorsesandvisitsprimaryschools,

librariesandyouthgroupstoencouragestudentstoread.Thenon-profitinWendell,

NorthCarolina,alsoorganizesbookdrivesandschool-widereadingcompetitions.

Alongwithherfivebrothersandsisters,Goochgrewuponafamilyfarmowned

byherfather.Althoughheworkedasausedcarsalesman,hebuiltaracetrackon

their87-acrefarm,wherehehostedraces.Goochsaidshegrewuparound80horses

andfeltblessedtohavegrownupwiththem.

In2017,Gooch,whohadbeenworkingatdaycarecentersandyouthgroups,

noticedthatsomeoftheyoungerchildrenstruggledtoread.Shedecidedtoworkwith

alocallibrary：Anystudentwhocheckedoutmorethanthreebookswouldbeentered

intoaprizedraw.Fivenameswouldbeselectedoutofthedrawandeachreceiveda

triptovisitthehorsesontheGoochfamilyfarm.

Itwasahit.Goochexpandedherservicesbycreatinghernonprofit,

SUAR.WhenGoochsharedherorganizationJsstoryonsocialmedia,itreachedover

70,000likesinaweek.SheevengotashoutoutfromOprahWinfrey,afamoustalk

showhostess.She，sraisedover$20,000fromsupportersacrosstheworld."Now

thatit'ssortof,alleyesonme,there，sdefinitelyanopportunitytodosomething

more,“Goochsaid.

Goochisn*tjustencouragingchildrentoreadmore.She'salsoshowingthem

thathorsebackriderscanlooklikeher.Online,she'softenreferredtoastheuBlack

Cowgirl”Itfeelsamazingtobethatkindofrepresentation,vGoochsaid.

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。CaitlinGooch創(chuàng)立了公益組織“馬鞍上

閱讀”，騎馬向孩子們送書，鼓勵孩子們閱讀，提高閱讀能力，她在網(wǎng)上分享了

公益組織的故事后，得到了著名脫口秀主持人OprahWinfrey的支持。

4.WhydoesGoochdeliverbooksonhorseback?

A.Todeliverbooksquickly.

B.Topromotefamilybusiness.

C.Togetstudentstoread.

D.Toadvertiseherorganization.

C［細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句中的“whohadbeenworkingatdaycare

centersandyouthgroups,noticedthatsomeoftheyoungerchildrenstruggledtoread”

可知，Gooch注意到一些年齡較小的孩子閱讀很艱難，于是和當?shù)氐囊患覉D書館

合作推出了旨在促進孩子們閱讀的公益活動，故C項正確。］

5.WhatdidGoochdotohelpkidswithreadingdifficulties?

A-Holdreadingcompetitions.

B.Workwiththeyouthgroups.

C.Donatebookstoalocallibrary.

D.Organizevisitstothefamilyfarm.

D［細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段尾句"Fivenameswouldbeselectedoutofthe

drawandeachreceivedatriptovisitthehorsesontheGoochfamilyfarm.”可佚口，獲

獎者可以去Gooch家的農(nóng)場參觀馬匹，故D項正確。］

6.WhatcanbelearnedaboutSUARfromparagraph4?

A.Itiswellreceived.

B.Ithasmadeabigprofit.

C.Itneedsfurtherexpansion.

D.ItwascriticizedbyOprah.

A［推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容可知，Gooch創(chuàng)建了自己的非營利組織

SUAR,擴大了她的服務，該組織很受歡迎，在社交平臺上獲得很多贊；據(jù)此可

以判斷，非營利組織SUAR很受歡迎，故A項正確。］

7.WhatcanbestdescribeGooch?

A.Honest.B.Inspiring.

C.Brave.D.Patient.

B［推理判斷題。根據(jù)尾段第一、第二句"Goochisn，tjustencouraging

childrentoreadmore.She'salsoshowingthemthathorsebackriderscanlooklike

her.”可知，Gooch不僅鼓勵孩子們多讀書，還向他們展示騎手可以像她一樣。

再結合全文內(nèi)容可以判斷，Gooch是一個鼓舞人心的人，故B項正確。］

C

（2021?湖南省六校聯(lián)考）Thesummerholidaysareinfullswingandprotestshave

beguninanumberofpopularEuropeancities.Barcelona,inparticular,isatthecentre

ofthesemountingconcernsabouttherapidgrowthoftourismincities,especially

duringpeakholidayperiods.Infact,DestinationBarcelonaestimatesthattherewere

30millionovernightvisitorsin2017,comparedtoaresidentpopulationof1,625,

137.Overtourismisnotanewproblem.

Whilemanytouristswantto“l(fā)ivelikealocalvandhaveanauthenticand

immersiveexperienceduringtheirvisit,theresidentsofmanytourism-dependent

destinationsareseeingtheuniquesenseofplacethatcharacterisedtheirhometowns

vanishbeneathawaveofsouvenirshops,crowds,tourbusesandrowdybars.They

arealsosufferingaslocalamenities（便利設施）andinfrastructureareputunder

enormousstrain.Itisatrulyglobalissue.Recently,Thaiauthoritieswereforcedto

actwhenanumberoftouristsvisitingMayaBay,thebeachmadefamousbyDanny

Boyie，sfilmTheBeach,ledtoshockingenvironmentaldamage.

Overtourismisharmingthelandscape,damagingbeaches,andputting

infrastructureunderenormousstrain.Itcanhaveanimpactinmultipleways.The

internationalcruiseindustry,forexample,deliversthousandsofpassengersdailyto

destinationports.Whilecomparativelylittleisreturnedtocommunities,thecruise

activitycreatesphysicalandvisualpollution.

Cityresidentsalsobearthecostoftourismgrowth.Ascitiestransformitselfto

caterfbrtourists,theglobaltravelsupplychainprospers.Thiscoincideswith

increasingpropertyspeculationandrisingcostsoflivingfbrlocal

communities.Airbnb,forexample,hasbeenaccusedofreducinghousing

affordabilityanddisplacingresidents.

Overcrowdingandtheestablishmentoftypicaltourism-focusedbusinesses,such

asclubs,barsandsouvenirshops,overwhelmlocalbusinesses,androwdyand

unmanageabletouristbehaviouriscommon.Thisdiminishestheuniqueambienceof

destinationsandleadstocrowdandwastemanagementpressures.

Localgovernmentandplanningauthoritieshavesofarbeenpowerlesstodeal

withtheoverwhelminginfluenceoftheglobaltourismsupplychain.Thishasledto

widespread“tourist-phobia“firstdescribedbyManuelDelgadomorethanadecade

agoasamixtureofrepudiation,mistrustandcontemptfortourists.

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要講的是過度旅游帶來的一系列

不好的影響。

8.What'sthepuiposeofwritingthefirstparagraph?

A-Topresentaphenomenon.

B?lbintroducethetopic,overtourism.

C-Togivereadersavividdescription.

D.ToshowtheprotestsinBarcelona.

B［寫作意圖題。根據(jù)題目定位到文章第一段，通讀該段可知，該段主要提

到了過度旅游的問題，結合下文主要圍繞過度旅游帶來的一系列不好的影響展開

可知，該段是為了引出主題——過度旅游，故B項正確。］

9.TheexampleofThaiauthoritiesshows.

A.MayaBayinThaiisapopulartouristdestinationattractingagreatnumberof

visitors

B.visitingfamousplacesshowninmoviesisaglobalphenomenon

C.toomanyvisitorswillcausegreatdamagetothelocalenvironment

D.manylocalgovernmentshavealreadytakenactiontopreventovertourism

C［推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干中的“Thaiauthorities”定位到文章第二段最后一

句，由此可知，過多的游客造成了驚人的環(huán)境破壞，泰國官方不得不采取行動，

由此可推知，泰國官方的例子表明過多的游客會對當?shù)氐沫h(huán)境造成極大的破壞，

故C項正確。］

10.Accordingtothepassage,overtourismwill.

A.improvethelocalcruiseindustry

B?makethelocalbusinessboom

C?causetherisingcostsoflivingfortheresidents

D.increasethebusinessofAirbnb

C［細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段中的“Cityresidentsalsobearthecostof

tourismgrowth...Thiscoincideswithincreasingpropertyspeculationandrising

costsoflivingforlocalcommunities.”可知，過度旅游會導致居民生活成本上升，

故C項正確。］

11.Whatwillthewritermostprobablytalkaboutinthefollowingparagraph?

A.Measurestodealwithovertourism.

B?Problemscausedbyovertourism.

C.Protestscausedbyovertourism.

D.Environmentalpollutioncausedbyovertourism.

A［推理判斷題。文章前幾段主要講了過度旅游帶來的一系列不好的影響，

最后一段提到到目前為止，地方管理和規(guī)劃部門還無力應對全球旅游供應鏈的巨

大影響，這導致了“游客恐懼癥”的蔓延。由此可推知，作者在下段最有可能介

紹解決過度旅游的措施，故A項正確。］

D

（2021?武漢市質量檢測）Neverplaygameswithabot（robot）一itwillfindaway

tocheatifitcan.AteamfromOpenAI,anartificialintelligencelabinSanFrancisco,

hasdevelopedartificiallyintelligentbotsthattaughtthemselvestocooperateby

playinghide-and-seek.Thebotsalsolearnedhowtousebasictoolstohelpwin.

BowenBakeratOpenAIandhiscolleagueswantedtoseeiftheteam-based

dynamicsoftheOpenAIFivecouldbeusedtoproduceskillsthatcouldonedaybe

usefultohumans.

Theresearcherssettheirbotslooseinasimulated（模擬的）environmentfilled

withfixedwalls,movableboxesandladders,andleftthemtoplayteamgamesof

hide-and-seek.Thebotseachhadtheirownviewoftheworldandcouldn，t

communicatewitheachotherdirectly.

Atfirst,thehiderssimplyranaway.Buttheysoonworkedoutthatthequickest

waytostoptheseekerswastofindobjectsintheenvironmenttohidethemselves

fromview.Theseekerslearnedthattheycouldmoveboxesaroundandusethemto

climboverwalls.Thebotsthendiscoveredthatbeingateamplayer-passingobjects

toeachotherorcooperatingonahideout—wasthequickestwaytowin.

Buttherealsurprisecamewhenthebotsstartedmakinguseofproblemsor

faults.Seekersfoundthatiftheypushedaladdertowardsawall,theycouldlaunch

themselvesintotheairandspothidersfromabove.Hidersfoundthattheycouldget

ridoftheladdersbypushingthemaside.

ItshowsthatAIbotsareabletofindsolutionsthathumansmiss,says

Baker."Maybethey，11evenbeabletosolveproblemsthathumansdon'tyetknow

howto."However,itisalargeleap（EK躍）fromvirtualhide-and-seektoreal

problem-solving."Themainlimitationisthatitisinsimulation,“saysChelsea

FinnatStanfordUniversity.

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一種通過玩捉迷藏自學

合作技能的人工智能機器人，這種機器人還學會了使用基本工具來幫助自己獲

勝。

12.WhydidBakerandhiscolleaguesconducttheresearch?

A.Toteachbotstoplaygames.

B?Totrainbotstousebasictools.

C.Tofindifbotsmaycheatlikehumans.

D.Toseethepotentialofbots，cooperation.

D［細節(jié)理解題。第二段講到OpenAI的BowenBak6r和他的同事們想看看

OpenAIFive人工智能機器人的團隊互動能否被用來產(chǎn)生將來對人類有用的技

能。由此可知，BowenBaker和他的同事進行這項研究是為了看機器人合作的潛

力。故D項正確。］

13.What'sthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Thetoolsoftheresearch.

B.Thedesignoftheresearch.

C-Thecompetitorsofthegame.

D.Theenvironmentofthegame.

B［段落大意題。通讀第三段可知，該段主要介紹了研究的設計：研究人員

將機器人置于一個充滿固定墻壁、可移動的盒子和梯子的模擬環(huán)境中，讓它們玩

團隊捉迷藏游戲，且彼此不能直接交流。故B項正確。］

14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"It"inthelastparagraphreferto?

A.Passingobjects.

B.Movingboxesaround.

C.Makinguseoffaults.

D.Hidingthemselvesfromview.

C［代詞指代題。根據(jù)第五段第一句"Buttherealsurprisecamewhenthebots

startedmakinguseofproblemsorfaults.“可知，但真正令人驚訝的是，機器人開

始利用問題或錯誤；第五段最后兩句給出了相應的例子；結合尾段第一句可以判

斷，該句主語It指代的是“機器人利用錯誤”，故C項正確。］

15.WhatdoesChelseathinkofthefindingoftheresearch?

A.ItcanbridgeagapintheAIresearch.

B.Itwillnotbeinfluencedbytherealworld.

C.Itwilldefinitelyhelptherealproblem-solving.

D.Itmaynotberealizedoutofthevirtualworld.

D［推理判斷題。根據(jù)尾段尾句中ChelseaFinn所說的話“Themainlimitation

isthatitisinsimulation”可知，ChelseaFinn認為主要的局限在于機器人的互動是

處于模擬狀態(tài)下的。據(jù)此可以判斷，ChelseaFinn認為超出模擬范圍，這種結果

可能不會出現(xiàn)。故D項正確。］

II.閱讀七選五

（2021?溫州市適應性測試）DuetoCOVID-19,momshavehadaroughyear.Day

carecentersareclosed.」_Atthesametimethey，rehomeschoolingandcleaning

everything.

Lookingback50yearsorso,Ifoundthatmyownmotherwasamysteriously

effectiverolemodel.Sheneverhitmeorraisedhervoice.Shedidn'tdirectlyboss

anyonearound.Sheindirectlygavemysistersandmeveryclearguidanceonwhat

behaviorswereexpectedinourhome,andoutintheworld.

2Butonce,whenanAfricanAmericanfamilymovedintoourall-white

neighborhood,shequietlyandfiiTnlysatmysistersandmedownandtoldusthatwe

wouldalwaystreatthemwithrespect.Wedid.Whenmymomgotserious,wenever

questionedherauthority.Mymothertaughtustoloveourneighbors,showedushow

totreateveryonewithkindnessandrespectandmodeledhowwecouldbegenerous

withourtimeandenergybyfocusingontheneedsandinterestsofothers.

Onetime,shewasdrivingandacarroared