職稱英語(yǔ)理工類(lèi)部分閱讀理解(一)

2013年職稱英語(yǔ)考試試題理工類(lèi)：AntsHaveBigImpacton

Environmentas“EcosystemEngineers”

2012-02-0713:59來(lái)源：職'業(yè)培訓(xùn)教育網(wǎng)我要糾錯(cuò)I打印收

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導(dǎo)語(yǔ)：元宵以后，2013年職稱英語(yǔ)考試時(shí)間馬上要來(lái)到！在歷年的職稱

英語(yǔ)考試中，專家進(jìn)行分析，每年考試閱讀中有很部分題目是來(lái)自職稱英語(yǔ)

考試教材。為此，小編為考生整理了一些理工類(lèi)教材里面的重點(diǎn)職稱英語(yǔ)考

試試題供考生參考，希望對(duì)考生有幫助！祝學(xué)習(xí)愉快！

AntsHaveBigImpactonEnvironmentas“EcosystemEngineers”

ResearchbytheUniversityofExeterlhasrevealedthatantshave

abigimpactontheirlocalenvironmentasaresultoftheiractivity

as"ecosystemengineers"andpredators.Thestudy,publishedinthe

JournalofAnimalEcology,foundthatantshavetwodistincteffects

ontheirlocalenvironment.

Firstly,throughmovingofsoilbynestbuilding2activityandby

collectingfoodtheyaffectthelevelofnutrientsinthesoil.This

canindirectlyimpactthelocalpopulationsofmanyanimalgroups,from

decomposerstospeciesmuchhigherupthefoodchain.

Secondly,theypreyonawiderangeofotheranimals,including

largerpreywhichcanbeattackedbyvastnumbersofantworkers.

DirkSanders,anauthorofthestudyfromtheuniversity'sCentre

forEcologyandConservation,said:/zAntsareveryeffectivepredators

whichthriveinhugenumbers.They'realsoveryterritorialsandvery

aggressive,defendingtheirresourcesandterritoryagainstother

predators.Allofthismeanstheyhaveastronginfluenceontheir

surroundingarea.〃

〃Inthisresearch,westudiedforthefirsttimehowbigthisimpact

isandthesubtletiesofit.Whatwefoundisthatdespitebeing

predators,theirpresencecanalsoleadtoanincreaseindensityand

diversityofotheranimalgroups4.Theygenuinelyplayakeyrolein

thelocalenvironment,havingabiginfluenceonthegrasslandfood

web,〃Sanderssaid.

Thestudy,carriedoutinGermany,studiedtheimpactofthe

presenceofdifferentcombinationsanddensitiesofblackgardenants

andcommonredants,bothspecieswhichcanbefoundacrossEurope,

includingintheUK.Itfoundthatalowdensityofantsinanarea

increasedthediversityanddensityofotheranimalsinthelocalarea,

particularlythedensityofherbivoresanddecomposers.Athigher

densitiesantshadnoortheoppositeeffect,showingthatpredation

iscounteractingthepositiveinfluence.

DrFrankvanVeen,anotherauthoronthestudy,said:"Whatwefind

isthattheimpactofantsonsoilnutrientlevelshasapositiveeffect

onanimalgroupsatlowlevels,butasthenumberofantsincreases,

theirpredatoryimpactshavethebiggereffect一thereby

counteractingthepositiveinfluenceviaecosystemengineering.，z

Antsareimportantcomponentsofecosystemsnotonlybecausethey

constituteagreatpartoftheanimalbiomass5butalsobecausethey

actasecosystemengineers.Antbiodiversity6isincrediblyhighand

theseorganismsarehighlyresponsivetohumanimpact,whichobviously

reducesitsrichness.However,itisnotclearhowsuchdisturbance

damagesthemaintenanceofantservicestotheecosystem.Antsare

importantinbelowgroundprocesses8throughthealterationofthe

physicalandchemicalenvironmentandthroughtheireffectsonplants,

microorganisms,andothersoilorganisms.

詞匯：

predator/'pred?t?/n.食肉動(dòng)物

nutrient/'nju:tri?nt/n,營(yíng)養(yǎng)物；adj.營(yíng)養(yǎng)的

decomposer/,di:k?m，p?uz?/n.腐生物；分解體

prey/prei/v.捕食；n.被捕食的動(dòng)物

subtlety/'s?tlti/n,微妙，精妙

herbivore/'h?:biv?:/n.食草動(dòng)物

注釋：

1.theUniversityofExeter：?？怂固卮髮W(xué)。1851年建校，位于英

國(guó)西南部重要商業(yè)中心?？怂固厥?，是英國(guó)著名的傳統(tǒng)大學(xué)之一。

2.nestbuilding：筑巢

3.territorial：領(lǐng)地的。在此用來(lái)形容螞蟻的本性，即具有很強(qiáng)的領(lǐng)

地意識(shí)，并且會(huì)竭盡全力保衛(wèi)自己的領(lǐng)地。

4.anincreaseindensityanddiversityofotheranimalgroups：

其他動(dòng)物群體在數(shù)量和品種上的增長(zhǎng)。

5.biomass：物質(zhì)名詞，由bio和mass兩部分組成，意為"生物量”

“生物質(zhì)”。

6.biodiversity：物質(zhì)名詞，由bio和diversity兩部分組成，意為

“生物多樣性”。

7.themaintenanceofantservicestotheecosystem：螞蟻對(duì)生態(tài)

系統(tǒng)的維護(hù)作用。

8.belowgroundprocesses：土壤下面的（工作）過(guò)程，即影響生態(tài)

環(huán)境的過(guò)程。

練習(xí)：

1.Whyareantscomparedtoecosystemengineers?

ABecausetheybuildtheirownnests.

BBecausetheycollectfood.

CBecausetheiractivityaffectstheenvironment.

DBecausetheyarepredators.

2.Aspredators,ants

Apreyonsmallaswellaslargeanimals.

Bcollectnutritiousfoodfromthesoil

Ccollectfoodasdecomposers.

Dpreyonspeciesmuchhigherupthefoodchain.

3.DirSanders，studycenteredonhowants

Acanmanagetothriveinhugenumbers.

Bdefendtheirresourcesandterritoryagainstotherpredators.

Cattackthoseinvadinganimalsforsurvival.

Dproducesuchabigimpactontheenvironment.

4.Whatdoesparagraph6tellus?

AAntsbringaboutanegativeinfluencetoanareawhentheir

populationissmall.

BAntsbringaboutapositiveinfluencetoanareawhentheir

populationissmall.

CAnts，predationcounteractsthepositiveinfluencetheymayhave

onanarea.

DAthigherdensity,antsproduceapositiveinfluenceonanarea.

5.Whatstillremainsunclearaboutants,accordingtothelast

paragraph?

AWhatrolesdoantsplayintheecosysteminwhichtheylive?

BHowdoantsaffecttheanimaldiversityinagivenecosystem?

CHowdohumanactivitiesaffectants，influenceonagiven

ecosystem?

DHowdoantsalterthephysicalandchemicalenvironment?

答案與題解：

1.c短文的第一段提供了答案。A不是正確答案，因?yàn)椴⒉皇且驗(yàn)槲浵?/p>

會(huì)筑巢才被譽(yù)為生態(tài)系統(tǒng)工程師，而是因?yàn)樗鼈冎埠瞳@取食物的方式改變

了土壤的營(yíng)養(yǎng)水平，為整個(gè)食物鏈提供了很好的生態(tài)環(huán)境(見(jiàn)第二段)。

2.A答案能夠從短文的第三段直接找到。該段告訴我們，螞蟻的掠食范圍

很廣，甚至包括比它們體積更大的動(dòng)物(largeranimals)。prey在這里

的意思是“捕獵，捕食”，作為動(dòng)詞，后面跟介詞on或upon。

3.DDirkSanders說(shuō)：“Inthisresearch,westudiedforthefirst

timehowbigthisimpactisandthe

subtletiesofit."(第五段)所以，D是正確選擇。句中thesubtleties

ofit的意思是：螞蟻對(duì)環(huán)境影響的精妙之處。

4.B短文第六段第二句的大概意思是，螞蟻數(shù)量小(alowdensityof

ants)的話，能使其他動(dòng)物的品種和數(shù)量增加(increasedthediversityand

densityofotheranimals),從而給環(huán)境帶來(lái)積極影響；第三句說(shuō)，如果

螞蟻的數(shù)量大(Athigherdensities),就不可能產(chǎn)生同樣的影響，或者是

相反的影響，這表明，螞蟻的掠食活動(dòng)會(huì)抵銷(xiāo)螞蟻給環(huán)境帶來(lái)的積極影響。

第七段DrFrankvanVeen表達(dá)了大體相同的內(nèi)容。

5.C最后一段的第二和第三句提供了答案。第二句告訴我們，螞蟻極易

受人類(lèi)的影響(theseorganismsarehighlyresponsivetohumanimpact),

第三句告訴我們，科學(xué)家還不清楚人類(lèi)對(duì)螞蟻這種干擾如何破壞螞蟻對(duì)生態(tài)

系統(tǒng)的維護(hù)作用(”itisnotclearhowsuchdisturbancedamagesthe

maintenanceofantservicestotheecosystem.")。

ASunshadeforthePlanet

Evenwiththebestwilllintheworld,reducingourcarbonemissionsisnotgoingprevent

globalwarming.Ithasbecomeclearthatevenifwetakethemoststrongmeasurestocontrol

emissions,theuncertaintiesinourclimatemodelsstillleaveopenthepossibilityofextreme

wanningandrisesinsealevel.Atthesametime,resistancebygovernmentsandspecialinterest

groupsmakesitquitepossiblethattheactionssuggestedbyclimatescientistsmightnotbe

implementedsoonenough.

Fortunately,iftheworstcomestotheworse2,scientistsstillhaveafewtricksuptheir

sleeves3.Forthemostparttheyhavestronglyresisteddiscussingtheseoptionsforfearofinviting

asenseofcomplacencythatmightthwarteffortstotackletherootoftheproblem.Untilnow,that

is.Agrowingnumberofresearchersaretakingafreshlookatlarge-scaleugeoengineering

projectsthatmightbeusedtocounteractglobalwanning."Iusetheanalogyofmethadone4,

saysStephenSchneider,aclimateresearcheratStanfordUniversityinCaliforniawhowasamong

thefirsttodrawattentiontoglobalwanning,"Ifyouhaveaheroinaddict,thecorrecttreatmentis

hospitalization,andalongrehab.Butiftheyabsolutelyrefuse,methadoneisbetterthanheroin.

Basicallytheideaistoapplyusunscreentothewholeplanet.Oneastronomerhascomeup

witharadicalplantocoolEarth:launchtrillionsoffeather-lightdiscsintospace,wherethey

wouldformavastcloudthatwouldblockthesun'srays.It'scontroversial,butrecentstudies

suggesttherearewaystodeflectjustenoughofthesunlightreachingtheEarth,ssurfaceto

counteractthewarmingproducedbythegreenhouseeffect.Globalclimatemodelsshowthat

blockingjust1.8percentoftheincidentenergyinthesun'srayswouldcanceloutthewarming

effectsproducedbyadoublingofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere.Thatcouldbecrucial,

becauseeventhemostsevereeinissions-controlmeasuresbeingproposedwouldleaveuswitha

doublingofcarbondioxidebytheendofthiscentury,andthatwouldlastforatleastacentury

more.

注釋：

1.thebestwill:監(jiān)J好的愿望

2.iftheworstcomestotheworst:如果啊的糟糕的事情發(fā)生了。這是英式英語(yǔ)的用法，在

美式英語(yǔ)中它說(shuō)成ifworstcomestoworsto在不同的語(yǔ)境中，有不同的譯法。如：“Ifthe

worstcomestotheworst,“Beckythought,“myretreatissecure;andIhavetheright-handseat

inthebarouche."?；氲溃骸氨频饺談蚝笠粭l路，逃難是不怕的了，在他的大馬車(chē)?yán)?，我險(xiǎn)

穩(wěn)地有一個(gè)位了?！坝秩?Iftheworstcomestotheworst,we'Usellthecar.大不了我們把車(chē)

賣(mài)了。

3.scientistsstillhaveafewtricksuptheirsleeves:科學(xué)家們?nèi)匀挥行┎粸槿怂恼袛?shù)。

havesomethingupone'ssleeve是英語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)，意思是：tohaveasecretideaorplan,有錦囊妙

計(jì)，有所保留的,秘而不宣的謀略或計(jì)劃，例如:Ifthistripdoesn'tworkoutTvestillgotafew

ideasupmysleeve.

4.methadone:美沙酮，一種有效的合成麻醉藥，它不像嗎啡或海洛因那樣容易讓人上癮，

在戒毒治療中被用作這些毒品的替代品。練習(xí)：

1.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,theauthorthinksthatAstrongmeasureshavebeen

takenbythegovernmenttopreventglobalwarming.Btoreducecarbonemissionsisan

impossiblemission.Cdespitethedifficulty,scientistshavesomeoptionstopreventglobal

wanning.Dactionssuggestedbyscientistswillneverherealized.

2.Scientistsresisttalkingabouttheiroptionsbecausetheydon'twantpeopletoAknowwhat

theyaredoing.BfeeltheireffortsareuselessCthinktheproblemhasbeensolved.Dseethereal

problem.

3.WhatdoesStephenSchneidersayaboutaheroinaddictandmethadone?AMethadoneis

aneffectivewaytotreatahardheroinaddict.BMethadoneisnotacorrectwaytotreataheroin

addict.CHospitalizationtogetherwithmethadonecanworkeffectivelywithaheroinaddict.D

Methadoneandheroinarcequallyeffectiveintreatingaheroinaddict.

4.WhatisStephenSchneider'sideaofpreventingglobalwarming?AToaskgovernmentsto

takestrongermeasures.BToincreasethesunlightreachingtheEarth.CToapplysunscreentothe

Earth.DTodecreasegreenhousegases.

5.WhatisNOTtrueoftheeffectivenessof“sunscreen"，accordingtothelastparagraph?A

ItdeflectssunlightreachingtheEarthtocounteractthewarming.BItblockstheincidentenergy

inthesun'srays.CItisacontroversialmethod.DItdecreasesgreenhousegasesinthe

atmosphere.

答案與題解：

1.C短文第一段講了防止地球變曖是一項(xiàng)艱巨的任務(wù)，第二段說(shuō)，盡管如此，科學(xué)家

還是有些辦法，所以C是正確選擇。A是錯(cuò)誤選擇，因?yàn)樽髡哒J(rèn)為政府和一些利益集團(tuán)阻

礙了科學(xué)家所倡導(dǎo)的行動(dòng)的實(shí)施：B不是作者的觀點(diǎn)；D也不是正確選擇，因?yàn)榈谝欢蔚?/p>

啊后一句"mightnotbeimplementedsoonenough"并不表明永遠(yuǎn)不能實(shí)現(xiàn)。

2.C文章的第二段說(shuō)，即使的糟糕的情況發(fā)生，科學(xué)家還是有幾招的。但他們不希望

討論他們的招數(shù)，因?yàn)榭峙氯藗儾辉儆形C(jī)感而削弱徹底解決問(wèn)題的努力。所以C是正確

選擇。

3.A文章的第二段StehgenSchneider教授將自己解決地球變暖問(wèn)題的辦法比作美沙酮。

因?yàn)樵诎a君子拒絕正常住院治療時(shí)，服用美沙酮是??種緩解海洛因毒癮的有效方法。所以A

是正確的選擇。

4.C文章的后一段的第一個(gè)句子提供的答案。

5.D短文的后一段描述了“sunscreen”如何解決地球變暖問(wèn)題。盡管有爭(zhēng)議，但是研

究證明，“太陽(yáng)屏”能反射和阻礙陽(yáng)光，起到抵消由溫室效應(yīng)引起的地球升溫。的后?段的

第三和第四句是理解這個(gè)問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵。D不是文章所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容，所以是正確答案。

譯文：

地球防曬霜

就算懷著最美好的愿望，僅僅減少二氧化碳的排放量還是不能制止全球變暖。很明顯，

即便采取最強(qiáng)硬的措施來(lái)控制排放，氣候的變化無(wú)常仍能導(dǎo)致極速變暖和海平面上升。另一

方面，受到政府和特殊利益群體的阻撓，氣候?qū)W家往往不能將措施很快實(shí)施徹底?！?/p>

幸好，如果被逼上絕路，科學(xué)家們還有最后幾招。在大多數(shù)情況下，他們拒絕討論這些

施，害怕人們會(huì)因此沾沾門(mén)喜而使這個(gè)問(wèn)題不能被徹底解決。至少目前是這樣。越來(lái)越多的

研究者相信一項(xiàng)大型的地質(zhì)丁程建設(shè)可用來(lái)抵御全球變暖。斯坦福大學(xué)的?位氣象學(xué)家

StephenSchneider最早提出氣候變暖這項(xiàng)議題的學(xué)者之一。他說(shuō)：“我把它比作美沙酮。如

果你那里有一個(gè)海洛因癮者，那么正確的治療方法就是住院，接受長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的康復(fù)治療。拒絕

正常住院治療，那服用美沙酮是一種緩解海洛因毒癮的有效方法?！?/p>

總體思路是給地球也涂上防曬霜。一個(gè)天文學(xué)家突發(fā)奇想，想借此冷卻地球：發(fā)射

億萬(wàn)輕如羽毛的碟片進(jìn)入太空形成巨大“云層”以阻礙太陽(yáng)光。這個(gè)想法備受爭(zhēng)議，但最近

的研究表明，有一些方法可以控制到達(dá)地球表面的陽(yáng)光以抵消溫室效應(yīng)產(chǎn)生的氣候變暖。全

球氣候模型表明，阻斷百之一點(diǎn)八的太陽(yáng)能剛好可以抵消大氣中雙倍的溫室氣體所引起的氣

候變暖現(xiàn)象。這個(gè)想法影響深遠(yuǎn)，因?yàn)榧词共扇∽顕?yán)格的控制氣體排放措施，到本世紀(jì)末，

二氧化碳量仍會(huì)翻倍。并且這種情況將再持續(xù)至少一個(gè)世紀(jì)。

2012年職稱英語(yǔ)考試閱讀理解練習(xí)題供大家參考，祝學(xué)習(xí)愉快！

BatteriesBuiltbyViruses

Whatdochickenpox,thecommoncold,theflu,andAIDShaveincommon?They'reall

diseasecausedbyviruses,tinymicroorganismsthatcanpassfrompersontoperson.It'sno

wonder1thatwhenmostpeoplethinkaboutviruses,findingwaystosteerclearof2virusesis

what'sonpeople'sminds.

Noteveryonerunsfromthetinydiseasecarriers,though3.InCambridge,Massachusetts%

scientistshavediscoveredthatsomevirusescanbehelpfulinanunusualway.Theyareputting

virusestowork,teachingthemtobuildsomeoftheworld'ssmallestrechargeablebatteries.

Virusesandbatteriesmayseemlikeanunusualpair,butthey'renotsostrangeforengineer

AngelaBelcher,whofirstcameupwith5theidea.AttheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology

(MIT)inCambridge,sheandhercollaboratorsbringtogetherdifferentareasofscienceinnew

ways.Inthecaseofthevirus-builtbatteries,thescientistscombinewhattheyknowabout

biology,technologyandproductiontechniques.

Belcher,steamincludesPaulaHammond,whohelpsputtogetherthetinybatteries,and

Yet-MingChiang,anexpertonhowtostoreenergyintheformofabattery.nWe'reworkingon

thingswetraditionallydon'tassociatewithnature/saysHaminond.

Manybatteriesarealreadyprettysmall.YoucanholdA,CandDbatteries6inyourhand.

Thecoin-likebatteriesthatpowerwatchesareoftensmallerthanapenny.However,everyyear,

newelectronicdeviceslikepersonalmusicplayersorcellphonesgetsmallerthantheyearbefore.

Asthesedevicesshrink,ordinarybakerieswon'tbesmallenoughtofitinside.

Theidealbatterywillstorealotofenergyinasmallpackage.Rightnow,Belcher,smodel

battery,ametallicdiskcompletelybuiltbyviruses,lookslikearegularwatchbattery.Butinside,

itscomponentsareverysmall-sotinyyoucanonlyseethemwithapowerfulmicroscope.

Howsmallarethesebatteryparts?Togetsomeideaofthesize,pluckonehairfromyour

head.Placeyourhaironapieceofwhitepaperandtrytoseehowwideyourhairis-prettythin,

right?Althoughthewidthofeachperson,shairisabitdifferent,youcouldprobablyfitabout10

ofthesevirus-builtbatteryparts,sidetoside,acrossonehair.Thesemicrobatteriesmaychange

thewaywelookatviruses7.

詞匯：

chickenpox水痘collaboratorn.合作者，協(xié)作者

microorganism江微生物pluckv.拔，摘，采

metallicadj.金屬的

注釋：

l.nowonder：不足為奇的，難怪

2.steerclearof：避開(kāi),繞開(kāi)

3.though：意思為“然而，可是:在句中使用時(shí)通常放在句末。

4.Cambridge,Massachusetts：馬薩諸塞州的劍橋市。本文第三段提到的theMassachusetts

InstituteofTechnology(MIT)inCambridge即指坐落于劍橋市的麻省理工學(xué)院。麻省理工學(xué)院

于1861年由著名自然科學(xué)家威廉?巴羅吉杰斯創(chuàng)立。這是美國(guó)的一所私立研究型大學(xué)，培

養(yǎng)高級(jí)科技人才和管理人才，是以理工科為主的、世界一流的綜合性大學(xué)。

5.cameupwith：提出

6.A,CandDbatteries：A、C、D均為電池型號(hào)。

7.Thesemicrobatteriesmaychangethewaywelookatviruses：這些微型電池可能會(huì)改變我

們看待病毒的方式。作者想表達(dá)的意思是：人們一直認(rèn)為病毒有害無(wú)益，現(xiàn)在病毒可用來(lái)制

作電池，人們對(duì)病毒的看法可能會(huì)因此而發(fā)生變化。

練習(xí)：

1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,peopletryto

A.killmicroorganismsrelatedtochickenpox,theflu,etc.

B.keepthemselvesawayfromvirusesbecausetheyareinvisible.

C.stayawayfromvirusesbecausetheyarecausesofvariousdiseases.

D.curethemselvesofvirus-relateddiseasesbytakingmedicines.

2.WhatisBelcher*steamdoingatpresent?

A.Itisfindingwaystogetridofviruses..

B.Itismass-producingmicrobatteries.

C.Itismakingbatterieswithviruses.

D.Itisanalyzingvirusgenes.

3.Whatexpressionbelowisoppositeinmeaningtotheword"shrink”appearinginparagraph

5?

A.Broaden.

B.Spread.

C.Extend.

D.Expand.

4.WhichofthefollowingistrueofBelcher*sbatterymentionedinparagraph6?

A.Itismadeofmetal.

B.Itisakindofwatchbattery.

C.Itcanonlybeseenwithamicroscope.

D.Itisametallicdiskwithvirusesinsideit.

5.Howtinyisonebatterypart?

A.Itswidthisonetonthofahair.

B.Itequalsthewidthofahair.

C.Itisasthinasapieceofpaper.

D.Itswidthistootinytomeasure.

答案與題解：

l.C短文第一段的大致意思是，許多疾病都由病毒引起，諸如水痘、感冒和艾滋病，所

以人們想盡辦法躲避病毒。這是C所表達(dá)的意思。A不是正確選擇，因?yàn)槲恼虏](méi)有說(shuō)人

們想方設(shè)法去殺死病毒。B的后半句的內(nèi)容（病毒肉眼看不見(jiàn)）和D的內(nèi)容（吃藥治療病毒引

起的疾病）文中沒(méi)有提到。

2.C短文的第二段明確提供了答案。

3.D根據(jù)上下文，shrink在此的意思是“收縮”，即"縮小"。所以，它的反義詞是expand（增

大，擴(kuò)張）。C不是正確選擇，因?yàn)閑xtend的意思是becomelonger,即“延伸”或“加長(zhǎng)”。

A的意思是“加寬”，也不是答案。B的意思是“伸展，展開(kāi)"，在一定的上下文里也可以做

shrink的反義詞，但在第五段這個(gè)語(yǔ)境里，B不是最佳選擇。

4.D第六段第二句中提到的metallicdisk是指“金屬圓盤(pán)”，它是微型電池的外形，其

內(nèi)部是由病毒構(gòu)成的電池部件。微型電池不是山金屬組成的，所以A不是答案。本段提到，

這種電池lookslikearegularwatchbattery,與手表里電池外形相似，但并不等同手表電池，

所以B也不是正確選擇。文章只是說(shuō)電池的部件（但并沒(méi)有說(shuō)整個(gè)電池）小到只能用顯微鏡才

能看到，所以C也不是正確的選擇。D才是第六段所要表達(dá)的主要內(nèi)容，因此是答案。

5.A短文最后一段的第四句（"youcouldprobablyfitabout10ofthesevirus-builtbattery

parts,sidetoside,acrossonehair")提供了本題的答案。

ExploreroftheExtremeDeep

Oceanscovermorethantwo-thirdsofourplanet.Yet,justasmallfractionoftheundcrwaler

worldhasbeenexplored.Now,ScientistsattheWoodsHolelOceanographicInstitution(WHOI)

inMassachusettsarebuildinganunderwatervehiclethatwillcarryexplorersasdeepas6,500

meters(21,320feet).Thenewmachine,knownasamannedsubmersibleorhuman-operated

vehicle(HOV),willreplaceanotheronenamedAlvin2whichbasanamazingrecordof

discovery,playingakeyroleinvariousimportantandfamousunderseaexpeditions.Alvinhas

beenoperatingfor40yearsbutcangodownonly4,500meters(14,784feet).It*sabouttimeforan

upgrade,WHOIresearcherssay.

Alvinwaslaunchedin1964.Sincethen,Alvinhasworkedbetween200and250daysayear,

saysDanielFomari,amarinegeologistanddirectoroftheDeepOceanExplorationInstituteat

WHOI.Duringitslifetime,Alvinhascarriedsome12,000peopleonatotalofmorethan3,000

dives.Anewer,betterversionsofAlvinisboundtorevealevenmoresurprisesahoutaworldthat

isstillfullofmysteries,Fornarisays.ltmightalsomakethejobofexplorationalittleeasier."We

takesomuchforgrantedonland,“Fornarisays."Wecanwalkaroundandseewithoureyeshow

bigthingsare.Wecanseecolors,specialarrangements.

Size-wise,thenewHOVwillbesimilartoAlvin.lt"11beabout37feetlong.Thesettingarea

insidewillbeasmallsphere,about8feetwide,likeAlvin,iVIIcarryapilotandtwopassengers.lt

willbejustasmaneuverable.Inmostotherways,itwillgivepassengersmoreopportunitiesto

enjoytheview,foronething.Alvinhasonlythreewindows,thenewvehiclewillhavefive,with

moreoverlapsothatthepassengersandthepilotcanseethesamething.

Alvincangoupanddownatarateof30meterseverysecond,anditsmaximumspeedis2

knots(about2.3milesperhour),whilethenewvehiclewillbeabletoascendanddescendat44

meterspersecond.ltJ11reachspeedsof3knots,or3.5milesperhour.

詞匯：

fraction/5fteAkFEn/n.一部分dive/daiv/v.&n.潛水;跳水

underwater/5QndE5wC:tE(r)/adj.bound/baund/adj.受約束的，一定的

水下的;adv.在水下

sphere/sfiE(r)/n.球體;范圍manned/5mAnd/adj.載人的

maneuverable/mE5nu:vErEbl/adj.undersea/5QndEsi:/adj.海底的

機(jī)動(dòng)的，可調(diào)動(dòng)的submersib可sQb5mE:sEbl/n.潛艇;潛水器

overlap/5EuvE51Ap/v.&n.重疊upgrade/5Qp八reid/n.升級(jí)

ascend/E5send/v.上升geologist/dVi5ClEdVist/n.地質(zhì)學(xué)家

注釋：

1.WoodsHole：美國(guó)馬薩諸塞州的一個(gè)漁村，但同時(shí)擁有許多重要研究機(jī)構(gòu)，如：the

MarineBiologicalLaboratory,theSeaEducationAssociation以及theWoodsHole

OceanographicInstitutiono

2.Alvin：世界上第一個(gè)深海潛水器，它最有名的深海探測(cè)包括1986年對(duì)泰坦尼克號(hào)殘

骸的測(cè)量工作。

練習(xí)：

1.WhatisAlvin?

AAresearchinstitute.

BAtransportingvehicle.

CAsubmersible.

DAscientist.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTafactaboutAlvin?

Ahcancarryexplorersasdeepas6,500meters.

BIthasplayedakeyroleinvariousimportantunderseaexpeditions

CItwaslaunchedinthesixtiesofthetwentiethcentury.

DIthasbeenusedformorethan40years.

3.”…aworldthatisstillfullofmysteriesvrefersto

Atheearth.

Boutspace.

Ctheocean.

DMars.

4.InwhataspectsarethenewHOVandAlvinsimilar?

ASize.

BSpeed.

CCapacity.

DShape.

5.InwhataspectsarethenewHOVandAlvindifferent?

AOfferingbetterviews.

BSpeed.

CSize.

DBothAandB.

FloridaHitbyColdAirMass

InJanuary,2003,theeasterntwo-thirdsoftheUnitedStateswasatthemercyofa

bitterlycoldairmassthathasendangeredFloridarscitrustrees,chokednorthernharborswithice

andleftbewilderedresidentsofNorthCarolina*sOuterBanksdiggingoutofuptoafootofsnow.

TheicechilldeepenedastemperaturesfelltothesingledigitsinmostoftheSouth,

withanunfamiliardipbelowthefreezingmarkasfarsouthaspartsofinteriorSouthFlorida.

TemperaturesinFloridaplunged,withWestPalmBeachdroppingtoarecordlowof2degrees.

“Wecouldn'tbelievehowcolditwas,“saidMartinKing,whoarrivedthisweekin

OrlandofromEngland,“webroughtshorts,T-shirt,andIhadtogooutandbuyanothercoat.”

ThetemperatureplungeposedathreattoFloridaJsUSS9.1billion-a-yearcitruscrop,

moreofwhichisstillonthetrees.Growerswerehurryingtoharvestasmuchofthefruitas

possiblebeforeitwasdamagedbycold.

“Timeisoftheessenceingettingfruittotheplant,saidTomRogers,acitrusgrowerwho

expectedtoseedamagetoorangesandgrapefruitatthattime.

InFlorida,GovernorJebBushsignedanemergencyordertoeliminatetheweightlimit

ontruckssocitrusgrowerscouldgetasmuchfruittomarketaspossible.

CaseyPace,aspokeswomanforFloridaCitrusMutual,saidgrowershadsprayedtrees

withsprinklers,whichcreatedalayeroficeandhelpedmaintainatemperaturenearfreezing.

Citrustreesareconsideredindangerofdamageifthetemperaturedropsbelowminus2degrees

Celsiusforfourhoursormore.Snowrangingfromadustingtoupto30centimetersblanketedthe

Carolinas,TennesseeandpartsofVirginia.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnotmeantinthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.ThecoldairmasswasathreattoFlorida*scitruscrop.

B.ThetemperatureintheUnitedStatesexcepttheSouthdroppedbelowthefreezingmark.

C.Thenorthernharborswereblockedwithice.

D.TheeasterntwothirdsoftheUnitedStateswashitbycoldairmass.

2.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,inwhicharea(s)didthetemperaturefallbelowzero?

A.Mostofthesouth.

B.PartsofinteriorSouthFlorida.

C.WestPalmBeach.

D.Alloftheabove.

3.King'sstatementthat“Webroughtshorts,T-shirt,andIhadtogooutandbuyanother

coat,“showsthat

A.hewascaughtbythesuddencold.

B.heneededformalclothes.

C.fashioninFloridaistempting.

D.FloridaishowcomparedwithEngland.

4.GovernorJebissuetheemergencyorderbecausehe

A.thoughtspeedlimitfortnickswasunreasonable.

B.triedtoimprovedthetrafficconditionoftheexpressways.

C.wantedtoencouragetruckstotransportasmuchfruittomarketaspossible.

D.wantedtostoptrucksfromcarryingtoomuchfruittomarket.

5.WhichstatementisNOTtrueaccordingtothelastparagraph?

A.Sprinklerswereusedtoprotectcitrustreesfrombeingdamaged.

B.Citrustreeswouldbedamagedifthetemperaturedropsbelowminus2℃fbrfourhours.

C.TheCarolinas.TennesseeandpartsofVirginiawerecoveredwithsnow.

D.FloridaCitrusMutualsprayedtreeswithsprinklersfbrcitrusgrowers.

答案與解釋：

1.A第二段中就有冷氣團(tuán)侵襲到mostoftheSouth,所以，B是不符合原意的。

2.B…withanunfamiliardipbelowthefreezingmarkasfarsouthaspartsofinterior

SouthFlorida.在南至南佛羅里達(dá)州腹地的一些區(qū)域，氣溫前所未有地降至冰點(diǎn)以下這句話說(shuō)

明B是正確選項(xiàng)。在mostoftheSouth,氣溫降至10℃以下，在WestPalmBench,氣溫雖

然降至歷史購(gòu)低，但有2℃。

3.A佛羅里達(dá)位于炎熱的南方。King只帶了短褲、T恤。到了佛羅里達(dá)，寒潮

來(lái)了，他只好去買(mǎi)御寒衣服。

4.C第六段中"JebBushsignedanemergencyordertoeliminatetheweightlimiton

truckssocitrusgrowerscouldgetasmuchfruittomarketaspossible.r,這個(gè)句子提供了答案。

5.D選項(xiàng)A、B、C文章中都提到，而且，A、B、C的內(nèi)容都符合原意，唯有D

不正確。因?yàn)?，文章中只是說(shuō)FloridaCitrusMutual（佛羅里達(dá)柑橘互助協(xié)會(huì)）通報(bào)了柑橘種

植人采取的防凍措施，并沒(méi)有說(shuō)這個(gè)協(xié)會(huì)自己采取了防凍措施。

譯文：

第十二篇納佛羅里達(dá)遭受冷氣團(tuán)襲擊

2003年1月，美國(guó)東部2/3的地區(qū)處于強(qiáng)冷空氣團(tuán)的控制下，強(qiáng)冷空氣團(tuán)給佛羅里達(dá)的

柑橘樹(shù)造成了危脅，同時(shí)也使北部的港口被冰凍結(jié)。冷空氣團(tuán)讓北卡羅來(lái)納州沿岸地區(qū)的居

民不知所措，不停地鏟著尺把深的積雪。

當(dāng)南方部分地區(qū)的氣溫降到個(gè)位數(shù)時(shí)，冰雪帶來(lái)的寒意加深了，從南方的大部分地區(qū)直

到南佛羅里達(dá)的腹地地區(qū)，氣溫前所未有地驟降至冰點(diǎn)以下。氣溫在佛羅里達(dá)驟降，西棕檎

海岸的氣溫創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄地降至2度。

“我們不能相信有那么冷”，這周剛從英國(guó)來(lái)到奧蘭多的馬丁?金說(shuō)，“我們買(mǎi)了運(yùn)動(dòng)褲、

T恤，但我還不得不出去買(mǎi)件大衣

氣溫的驟降對(duì)佛羅里達(dá)每年價(jià)值91億美元的柑橘產(chǎn)量造成了危脅，大部分的柑橘還未

采摘，果農(nóng)們正趕著在柑橘被凍壞之前盡可能地多采些。

“時(shí)間對(duì)柑橘成熟是非常重要的，”果農(nóng)湯姆?羅根斯說(shuō)，他預(yù)計(jì)冷空氣