專題06押閱讀理解之議論文-備戰(zhàn)2023年中考英語臨考題號押題(全國通用)

專題06押閱讀理解之議論文議論文往往有觀點(diǎn)，有事實(shí)，邏輯性強(qiáng)，命題往往從事實(shí)的有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)及文章的主旨或作者的意圖等方面著手，考查我們的思維能力和判斷能力。所以考生要培養(yǎng)根據(jù)上下文猜詞的能力，或者說根據(jù)情境能揣測作者的意圖。議論文的閱讀同其他體裁文章的閱讀理解一樣，可以有主旨大意、細(xì)節(jié)理解、推理判斷、詞義猜測等幾種出題方式。一、重視文章標(biāo)題，找準(zhǔn)全文主題句，把握文章主旨標(biāo)題往往是全文的主題，審視標(biāo)題，有利于理解全文，提高解題效率。主題句對全文起提示、啟迪、概括、歸納之作用。根據(jù)主題句既可以知道文章議論的是什么，也可以知道作者希望讀者了解主題方面的哪些內(nèi)容。通常主題句會出現(xiàn)在文章的首句或句末，在這些地方要多留意表示歸納的詞匯，也可以在具體事例之后或之前的表示觀點(diǎn)的陳述句中尋找。二、細(xì)讀文章，注意文章細(xì)節(jié)理解除主旨題外，細(xì)節(jié)理解題也是閱讀理解題中的基礎(chǔ)題，它主要考查學(xué)生對文中的具體事例、數(shù)字時間、地點(diǎn)等的理解。經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)排序題(按事情發(fā)展順序排序)，圖表題(按文章內(nèi)容找出正確圖形)，正誤題(依據(jù)文章內(nèi)容對所列的陳述進(jìn)行正誤判斷)。對這種題型，無論細(xì)節(jié)題如何變化形式，立足點(diǎn)都應(yīng)是從文章中找出相應(yīng)詞句作為依據(jù)。三、理解整體語篇，掌握作者意圖做推理判斷題要求考生在閱讀理解整體語篇的同時，對作者的態(tài)度、意圖及文章細(xì)節(jié)的發(fā)展作正確的推理判斷，站在作者的視角，而不是主觀臆斷、憑空想象，從而走入誤區(qū)。英語文章講究使用主題段與主題句，段與段之間通常有過渡性詞語連接，承上啟下，使文章行文連貫。有時文章還會在時間順序、空間順序或邏輯推理上運(yùn)用較高級的手段進(jìn)行組編。要想準(zhǔn)確、深刻地理解文章，必須對文章的結(jié)構(gòu)有所了解，把握全篇的文脈，即句內(nèi)、句間和段落間的修辭手段或邏輯關(guān)系。四、多讀多背，擴(kuò)大詞匯量，掌握猜詞技巧由于當(dāng)今的閱讀文章題材廣泛，體裁多樣，經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)一詞多義，甚至出現(xiàn)沒學(xué)過的詞匯。許多學(xué)生感到困擾很大，有的甚至煩躁得難以堅(jiān)持閱讀下去。要解決閱讀中的生詞問題，一是要擴(kuò)大英語詞匯量，二是要學(xué)習(xí)并掌握一些猜測生詞詞義的方法?？傊?，想要提高閱讀能力，尤其是對考生來說難度較大的議論文閱讀，學(xué)生應(yīng)能從篇章和試題雙方面入手。通過觀察、體驗(yàn)、探究等積極主動的學(xué)習(xí)方法，優(yōu)化閱讀理解中議論文的解題思路和方法策略，提高學(xué)生自主學(xué)習(xí)的能力。（2022·江蘇鹽城·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Oneteacherpraisesastudentbysaying“You’resosmart!”Anotherteachersays,“Youmusthaveworkedreallyhardatthis!”Whichstudentdoesbetterinschool?Studiesshowthatstudentswhohearthewordsofthesecondteacherwilldobetter.Thosestudentsarelearningthattheireffortisimportant.Psychologists(心理學(xué)家)lookedatwhatstudentsdidaftertheyweregivendifferenttypesofpraise.Somestudentsweretoldthattheyweregoodatatask.Theydidn’ttryveryhardthenexttime.Otherstudentsweretoldthattheyhadworkedhardatatask.Theyworkedevenharderthenexttime.Thefirstgroupofstudentswaslearningthattheyhadasetamountofskill.Theydidn’tthinktheycoulddoanybetter.Thisiscalledafixedmindset(思維模式).Thesecondgroupwaslearningthattheycoulddobetteriftheykepttrying.Thisiscalledagrowthmindset.Peoplewhohaveagrowthmindsetbelievethatthebraincangrow;peoplecandobetterandlearnnewskills.Iftheyworkhard,theycanbesuccessful.Howcanteachersandparentshelpstudentssucceed?Theycanfocusmainlyoneffortandnotsimplyonability.Whenstudentssucceed,teachersandparentsshouldpraisetheactualworkratherthanintelligence(智力)ortalent.Whenstudentsfail,theyshouldbetoldhowtheycandobetter.Teachers,parentsandstudentsneedtovalueeffort,notintelligence.BeliefsofFixedandGrowthMindsetsFixedMindsetGrowthMindsetThingsyou’rebornwiththatcannotchangeThingsyoucangrowandimprovewithhardworkSomethingtoavoid—couldshowlackofskillSomethingimportant—leadstosuccessThingstoavoid—incaseyouaren’tgoodenoughThingsthathelpyoulearn1．Whatkindofpeoplehavefewerchancestosucceedaccordingtothearticle?A．Peoplewithagrowthmindset. B．Peoplewithafixedmindset.C．Peoplewhooftenlearnfromchallenges. D．Peoplewhooftenlearnfrommistakes.2．Fromtheformwecanknowpeoplewithagrowthmindsetconsiderchallengesas________.A．thingsthey’rebornwith B．thingstheyneedtoavoidC．thingsthathelpthemlearn D．thingsthatstopthemimproving3．Howdoesthewriterorganizetheideasinthearticle?A．Bytellingstories. B．Bylistingnumbers.C．Bydrawingmindmaps. D．Bycomparingfacts.【答案】1．B2．C3．D【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文，介紹了固定型思維和成長型思維的區(qū)別，告訴我們應(yīng)該更注重后天努力，而不是與生俱來的智力才能。1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Somestudentsweretoldthattheyweregoodatatask.Theydidn’ttryveryhardthenexttime”及“Thefirstgroupofstudentswaslearningthattheyhadasetamountofskill.Theydidn’tthinktheycoulddoanybetter.Thisiscalledafixedmindset（思維模式）.”可知，文章介紹了擁有固定型思維模式的學(xué)生在面對一項(xiàng)任務(wù)時，如果受到了夸贊表揚(yáng)，那么下一次他們就不會再繼續(xù)努力了，故可推知擁有固定型思維的人獲得成功的機(jī)會較小。故選B。2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)表格最后一行Challenges中“Thingsthathelpyoulearn”可知，擁有成長型思維的人會把挑戰(zhàn)視為可以幫助他們學(xué)習(xí)的事情。故選C。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Psychologists（心理學(xué)家）lookedatwhatstudentsdidaftertheyweregivendifferenttypesofpraise.Somestudentsweretoldthattheyweregoodatatask.Theydidn’ttryveryhardthenexttime.Otherstudentsweretoldthattheyhadworkedhardatatask.Theyworkedevenharderthenexttime.”可知，文章第二段介紹了兩組不同的學(xué)生在接受不同表揚(yáng)后的行為表現(xiàn)，說明了固定型思維和成長型思維的不同；故文章通過對比事實(shí)來組織文章中心思想。故選D。（2022·四川綿陽·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Doyoucompareyourselftootherpeople?Perhapsyourbestfriendreceivessomethingyoureallywant,oryou’renotallowedtogotoaconcertbutyourbrotherorsisteris.Eventhoughcomparisonsarecommonandcansometimesbehelpful,focusing(專注)onyourownprogressisimportantforyourhappiness.“Weoftencompareourselvestootherswhoaredoingbetterornotaswellasourselves.”saysDr.Jack.“ButIsuggestcomparingyourselftoyourpastselfandyourfutureself.Thiscanmakeyoufeelproudofwhatyou’veachievedandexcitedaboutwhatyoumightdo.Focusingonyourownpurposesismoreworthwhilethanalwaystryingtocomeoutontop.”Comparingyourselftothosearoundyouisnaturalandweoftendoitwithoutrealizingit.Itcanhelpustobeclearaboutourachievementsandtoformfriendshipswithnewpeoplewhohavesimilarinterests.However,it’simportanttorememberthatnobodyisperfectinreallife.It’salsoimportanttotakenoteofhowthecomparisonismakingyoufeel.“Ifyoubegintofeelquitelow,focusonyourownstrengths.”saysJack.Inotherwords,youcanaskyourselfquestionslike“WhatcanIdowellin?”,whichcanhelpyoutrustyourself.Maybehereyouarewondering“Whatifallmyfriendsarebetterthanme?”.Dr.Whitesaysthatjealousy(妒忌)isnotbadbutfocusingonbetteringyourownworkcanhelpyoufeeljustassuccessful.Healsomentionsthatlearningtocelebrateyourfriends’successcannotonlyhelptocheeryourfriendsupbutalsohelpyoufeelgood.Itwillencourageyoutobuildeachotherup.4．WhatdoesthewritertellusinParagraph1?A．Weshouldcomparewithothers. B．Weshouldsharethingswithbrothers.C．Weshouldenjoyconcertswithsisters. D．Weshouldfocusonourownprogress.5．Whyshouldyoucompareyourselftoyourpastself?A．Tocareaboutothers. B．Tochangeyourpurposes.C．Toincreaseyourexcitement. D．Tobeproudofyourachievements.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“yourownstrengths”probablymeaninParagraph3?A．whatyou’regoodat B．whatyou’veunderstoodC．whatyou’recrazyabout D．whatyou’veexperienced7．WhatdoesDr.Whitesuggest?A．Trustingyourfriends. B．Cheeringontinysuccess.C．Celebratingothers’success. D．Formingadeepfriendship.8．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．PlanYourOwnFuture B．EnjoyYourOwnHappinessC．RunYourOwnRace D．FollowYourOwnDream【答案】4．D5．D6．A7．C8．C【導(dǎo)語】本文建議我們不要與別人比較，要專注于自己。4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Eventhoughcomparisonsarecommonandcansometimesbehelpful,focusingonyourownprogressisimportantforyourhappiness.”可知，盡管比較很常見，有時也有幫助，但關(guān)注自己的進(jìn)步對你的快樂很重要。故選D。5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“ButIsuggestcomparingyourselftoyourpastselfandyourfutureself.Thiscanmakeyoufeelproudofwhatyou’veachievedandexcitedaboutwhatyoumightdo.”可知，把自己和過去的自己進(jìn)行比較，會讓你對自己所取得的成就感到自豪。故選D。6．詞句猜測題。分析“‘Ifyoubegintofeelquitelow,focusonyourownstrengths.’saysJack.Inotherwords,youcanaskyourselfquestionslike‘WhatcanIdowellin?’,whichcanhelpyoutrustyourself.”可知，如果你開始感覺很低落，關(guān)注自己的優(yōu)勢，找到自己的優(yōu)勢，可以幫助你信任自己。yourownstrengths指的是優(yōu)勢。故選A。7．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Healsomentionsthatlearningtocelebrateyourfriends’successcannotonlyhelptocheeryourfriendsupbutalsohelpyoufeelgood.Itwillencourageyoutobuildeachotherup.”可知，懷特博士建議學(xué)會慶祝朋友的成功不僅能讓你的朋友高興起來，也能讓你感覺良好，它會鼓勵你們互相幫助。故選C。8．最佳標(biāo)題題。本文建議我們不要與別人比較，要專注于自己。選項(xiàng)C“走自己的路”符合主題。故選C。（2022·湖北黃石·統(tǒng)考中考真題）閱讀材料，選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。Nowadays,expertscallonhighschoolstudentstoreadasmanyliteraryclassics(文學(xué)名著)aspossible.Whatdoyouthinkofit?Linda:Wedon’thaveenoughlifeexperiences,sowemayhavedifficultyunderstandingthedeeperclassics.Butthisshouldn’tbeareasontogiveupreadingclassics.AsFrancisBaconsaid,“Readingmakesafullman;conference(談話)areadyman;andwritinganexactman.”Curry:Classicsarethetreasuresourancestorsleftus.Weshouldreadthemandpassthemdown.AstheoldChinesesayinggoes,“Onewhoisfilledwithknowledgealwaysbehaveswell.”Classicscanopenupourmindsanddevelopourinterestinculture.Frank:Withoutbackgroundandlifeexperiences,studentscan’tunderstandwhatwriterswanttoexpressintheirclassics.Whilereading,somestudentsmainlypayattentiontowordsandexpressionsratherthanthehiddenideas.Forthisreason,readingclassicsmightbeawasteoftime.Mary:Ontheonehand,notallclassicsaresuitable(合適的)forallstudents,astherearemanydifficultexpressionsanddeepideas.Ontheotherhand,thespecialwritingstylesmakeitdifficultforstudentstounderstand.Sotheywon’tprobablychoosethem.9．Whoagreeswiththeideaofreadingliteraryclassics?A．Linda&Curry. B．Linda&Mary. C．Curry&Frank. D．Frank&Mary.10．WhatdoesCurrythinkofliteraryclassics?A．Theyimprovestudents’readingskills. B．Theydevelopstudents’interestinculture.C．Theyhelpstudentslearnmorewords. D．Theycanchangestudents’personalities(個性).11．Frankthinksclassicsarenotworthreadingbecause________.A．thewritersliveindifferentcountriesB．studentsprefertoreadaboutlifeexperiencesC．studentsmightpaymoreattentiontowordsandexpressionsD．studentsmightnotunderstandthewritingstyles12．BothLindaandCurryexplaintheirideasby________.A．listingexamples B．showingnumbersC．givingquotes(引語) D．makingcomparisons(對比)13．Whatdoesthepassagetalkabout?A．Whyliteraryclassicsbecomepopularinhighschools.B．Whetherhighschoolstudentsshouldreadliteraryclassics.C．Whyhighschoolstudentsshouldreadliteraryclassics.D．Howhighschoolsshouldhelpstudentsimprovereadingskills.【答案】9．A10．B11．C12．C13．B【導(dǎo)語】本文主要談?wù)摿烁咧猩欠駪?yīng)該讀文學(xué)名著。四個人給出他們各自的觀點(diǎn)。9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Linda:Wedon’thaveenoughlifeexperiences,sowemayhavedifficultyunderstandingthedeeperclassics.Butthisshouldn’tbeareasontogiveupreadingclassics.”（Linda：我們沒有足夠的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)，所以我們可能難以理解更深層次的經(jīng)典。但這不應(yīng)該成為放棄閱讀經(jīng)典的理由。）以及“Curry:Classicsarethetreasuresourancestorsleftus.Weshouldreadthemandpassthemdown.”（Curry：經(jīng)典是我們祖先留給我們的財(cái)富。我們應(yīng)該閱讀它們并將其傳下去。）可知Linda和Curry同意閱讀文學(xué)名著，故選A。10．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Classicscanopenupourmindsanddevelopourinterestinculture.”可知Curry認(rèn)為經(jīng)典培養(yǎng)學(xué)生對文化的興趣。故選B。11．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Withoutbackgroundandlifeexperiences,studentscan’tunderstandwhatwriterswanttoexpressintheirclassics.Whilereading,somestudentsmainlypayattentiontowordsandexpressionsratherthanthehiddenideas.Forthisreason,readingclassicsmightbeawasteoftime.”（沒有背景和生活經(jīng)歷，學(xué)生們無法理解作家想要在他們的經(jīng)典作品中表達(dá)什么。在閱讀時，一些學(xué)生主要關(guān)注單詞和表達(dá)，而不是隱藏的思想。因此，閱讀經(jīng)典可能是浪費(fèi)時間。）可知Frank認(rèn)為經(jīng)典名著不值得讀，因?yàn)閷W(xué)生可能會更注意單詞和表達(dá)，故選C。12．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“AsFrancisBaconsaid,‘Readingmakesafullman;conference(談話)areadyman;andwritinganexactman.’”以及“AstheoldChinesesayinggoes,‘Onewhoisfilledwithknowledgealwaysbehaveswell.’”可知Linda和Curry都通過引用名言來解釋他們的想法，故選C。13．主旨大意題。根據(jù)“Nowadays,expertscallonhighschoolstudentstoreadasmanyliteraryclassics(文學(xué)名著)aspossible.Whatdoyouthinkofit?”可知本文主要談?wù)摿烁咧猩欠駪?yīng)該讀文學(xué)名著。故選B。（2022·浙江衢州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）OpinionsonLifeSkillsEducationAlthoughstudentsarebusystudying,itisimportanttorememberanotherareaofstudylifeskills,suchaswashingclothesandgrowingvegetables.Theyareusefulinourdailylife.Herearesomeopinionsaboutlifeskillseducation.Mrs.BlairChildrenneedtolearnmostofthelifeskillsatschool.Asparents,wecanhelpthemtakepartinactivitiesaroundthehouseandintheneighbourhood.LiPingWehavelifeskillsclassesatschool.They’requiteuseful.Theyhelpprepareforeverydayreal-lifesituations,fromwashingdishestopreparingameal.Theseclassesgiveusknowledgeweneedtoliveonourown.KevinI’mnotsurewhetheritisnecessarybecauseIhaven’ttriedlifeskillsclassesyet.Inmyschool,manystudentspaynoattentiontolearninglifeskills.Theydon’tthinkitwillimprovetheirchancesofgettingintocollege.MaryHavinglifeskillsclassesatschoolisimportant.Besides,thereareotherwaysforustolearnlifeskills.WecanwatchvideosontheInternet.Wecanalsolearnfromourparentsandtakepartintheactivitieswiththem.14．InKevin’sopinion,manystudentspaynoattentiontolearninglifeskillsbecause________.A．theyarenotinterestedinit B．it’shelplessforattendingcollegeC．theyarenotsurewhattolearn D．it’suselesstoimprovelivinglevel15．AccordingtoLiPing,whatcanwegetfromlifeskillseducation?A．Knowledgeforcollege. B．Chancestohelpourneighbours.C．Knowledgeforlivingalone. D．Chancestolearnfromourparents.16．Whohavethesameopiniononlifeskillseducationaccordingtothetext?A．LiPing,KevinandMary. B．Mrs.Blair,KevinandMary.C．Mrs.Blair,LiPingandKevin. D．Mrs.Blair,LiPingandMary.【答案】14．B15．C16．D【導(dǎo)語】本文介紹幾個人對于生活技能教育的看法。14．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Inmyschool,manystudentspaynoattentiontolearninglifeskills.Theydon’tthinkitwillimprovetheirchancesofgettingintocollege.”可知，許多學(xué)生不重視學(xué)習(xí)生活技能，因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為這不會提高他們進(jìn)入大學(xué)的機(jī)會。故選B。15．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Theseclassesgiveusknowledgeweneedtoliveonourown.”可知，這些課程為我們提供了獨(dú)立生活所需的知識。故選C。16．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Mrs.BlairChildrenneedtolearnmostofthelifeskillsatschool.”，“LiPingThey’requiteuseful.”和“MaryHavinglifeskillsclassesatschoolisimportant.”可知，Mrs.Blair，LiPing和Mary有相同的看法，故選D。（2022·四川廣安·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Youmayknowabout“junkfood”likeFrenchfries.Butdoyouknowabout“junksleep”?Recently,aBritishsurvey(調(diào)查)showsthattherearemanyelectronicproductsinteenagers’bedrooms.Theyareinfluencingteenagers’sleepbadly.Thesurveywasdoneamong1,000Britishkidsfrom12to16.Itfoundthat50%ofthemgotjust4to7hours’sleepeveryday.Butdoctorssaytheyneed8to9hours.Almost25%ofthekidssaidtheyoftenfellasleepwhiletheywerewatchingTV,listeningtomusicorusingotherelectronicproducts.“Thisisveryworrying,”saidDr.Chris,aBritishprofessor(教授).“Wecallit‘junksleep’.Itmeansyoudon’tgetenoughsleepandthequality(質(zhì)量)ofthesleepislow,too.Ifyoudon’tgetagoodrest,youwon’tdowellinschoolthenextday.”Thesurveyfoundthatquiteafewofthekidsfelttiredeachdaybecauseofthejunksleep,especiallygirlsbetween13and16feelingtheworst.Nearlyalltheteenagershaveaphone,MP5orTVintheirbedrooms.Andlotsofthemevenhaveallthethree.Dr.Chrissuggestedthatparentsshouldhelptheirchildrenkeepawayfromelectronicproducts,andteenagersshouldspendlesstimeontheelectronicproducts.17．Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout?A．Junkfood. B．Junksleep.C．Electronicproducts. D．Theimportanceofsleep.18．Howmanyofthechildrensleeponly4to7hoursadayinthesurvey?A．200. B．250. C．500. D．1000.19．“Junkfood”and“junksleep”aresimilartoeachotherbecause________.A．theyarebothlowinquality B．theyarebothneededinourlifeC．theyarebothenjoyedatweekends D．theyarebothnecessaryforpeople’shealth20．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Teenagersof12to16onlyneed4to7hours’sleepeachday.B．Fewoftheteenagershaveelectronicproductsintheirbedrooms.C．Teenagersspendtoomuchtimeonelectronicproducts.D．Girlsbetween13and16spendtheleasttimeonelectronicproducts.21．Whichofthefollowingshouldbethebestwaytosolvetheproblem?A．Parentsmusttaketheelectronicproductsawayfromtheirchildren.B．Parentsstoptheteenagersfromusinganyelectronicproduct.C．Teenagersshoulddecidenottousetheelectronicproducts.D．Teenagersshouldspendlesstimeontheelectronicproducts.【答案】17．B18．C19．A20．C21．D【導(dǎo)語】本文講述青少年床上的電子產(chǎn)品會影響到他們的睡眠，導(dǎo)致垃圾睡眠。17．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“junksleep”及“therearemanyelectronicproductsinteenagers’bedrooms.Theyareinfluencingteenagers’sleepbadly”，可知文章主要介紹了垃圾睡眠。故選B。18．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Thesurveywasdoneamong1,000Britishkidsfrom12to16.Itfoundthat50%ofthemgotjust4to7hours’sleepeveryday”可知，有1000個孩子參與調(diào)查，其中50%的孩子每天只睡4到7小時，可知只睡四到七個小時的人數(shù)是1000×50%=500人。故選C。19．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Wecallit‘junksleep’.Itmeansyoudon’tgetenoughsleepandthequalityofthesleepisbad,too”可知，垃圾睡眠指睡眠質(zhì)量不好，垃圾食品指的是質(zhì)量不好的食品，可推斷兩者質(zhì)量都不好。故選A。20．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“parentsshouldhelptheirchildrenkeepawayfromelectronicproducts,andteenagersshouldspendlesstimeontheelectronicproducts”父母應(yīng)該幫助孩子遠(yuǎn)離電子產(chǎn)品，青少年花費(fèi)在電子產(chǎn)品上的時間應(yīng)該更少?？芍?，青少年花費(fèi)在電子產(chǎn)品上的時間太多了。故選C。21．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“parentsshouldhelptheirchildrenkeepawayfromelectronicproducts,andteenagersshouldspendlesstimeontheelectronicproducts”可知，電子產(chǎn)品影響青少年的睡眠，解決問題的最好的辦法是花更少的時間在電子產(chǎn)品上。故選D。（2022·北京·統(tǒng)考中考真題）APathway(路徑)toMeaninginLifeWhenitcomestoameaningfullife,wemightthinkoflove,happinessandhealth.Alifefilledwithmeaningiswhatmostofuswantforourselves.Then,whatmakesameaningfullife?Manyresearchersagreethatameaningfullifecomesdowntothreefactors(因素):havinglong-termgoals,believingthatone’slifematters,andfeelingthatone’slifefitstogetherand“makessense”.Butwebelievethereismoretoconsider.Sometimeslifeenablesustoexperiencesmallmomentsofbeauty.Whenpeopleareopentoappreciating(欣賞)suchexperiences,thesemomentsmayimprovehowtheyseetheirownlife.Wecallthisexperientialappreciation(EA).EAisaboutthepersonfeelingconnectedtoeventsandbeingabletoappreciatethevaluewithintheconnection.Itshowsthediscoveryofandadmirationforlife’sbeauty.WerecentlysetouttobetterunderstandEAinstudies.WewereinterestedinwhetherEAwasalsotiedtogeneraljudgmentofmeaninginlife.Ifso,itcouldbeafactorformeaningfulness.Inthefirststudy,wehadpeoplerate(評估)theirsupportfordifferentmethodsofreducingstress.Wefoundthatpeoplewhomanagedstressbyfocusingontheirappreciationforlife’sbeautyalsoreportedexperiencinglifeashighlymeaningful.Inthenextstudy,weaskedpeopletoratethedegreetowhichtheyagreedwithvariousstatements,suchas“Iappreciatethebeautyoflife”and“Iappreciatelittlethingsinlife,”aswellasotherstatementsthatrelatedtothethreefactorsandageneralsenseofmeaninginlife.Ourresultsshowedthatthemorepeoplereportedthattheywere“appreciatinglife”anditsmanyexperiences,themoretheyfelttheirlifewasvaluable.Inthefollowingstudies,wefurtherlookedattheconnectionbetweenEAandmeaningfulness.Forexample,wefoundthatpeoplewhowereaskedtolookbackonthemostmeaningfuleventofthepastweekgenerallyreportedhighEAinthosemoments.Alltheresultsprovedourtheory(假設(shè))true.Butputtingitintopracticecanbedifficult.Ourfast-pacedlifestylesfillthedaywithgoals.Wetrytogetthehighestoutputbothatworkandinsparetime.Thisfocusonfutureoutcomesmakesitalltooeasytomisswhatishappeningrightnow.Weshouldslowdownandletlifesurpriseus.22．YouweremostprobablyintheEAconditionwhen_________.A．youmadeatravelplanforthecomingholidayB．youhurriedtoservethecustomersinthestoreC．youpracticedhardtobecomethebestviolinistD．youstoppedtoadmiretherosesbytheroadside23．Whatcanwelearnfromthestudiesmentionedinthepassage?A．Thinkingbacktothepastweakensoursenseofmeaning.B．Enjoyingsmallthingscaninfluenceourattitudetowardlife.C．Properstressmanagementisthekeytolivingasatisfyinglife.D．Goodjudgmentonbeautyimprovesconnectionsamongpeople.24．Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytellus?A．Itiseasierforresults-drivenpeopletoachievesuccess.B．Weoftenturnablindeyetothepresentmoment.C．Afast-pacedlifestylehelpsusreachourgoals.D．Futurelifewillbringusmanymoresurprises.25．Whatisthewriter’smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?A．Toexplainhowtodiscoverbeautyinlife.B．Todiscusswhatthetruemeaningoflifeis.C．Tointroduceanewfactorforameaningfullife.D．Tocomparedifferentfactorsformeaningfulness.【答案】22．D23．B24．B25．C【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文，討論是什么讓生活變得有意義。22．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Whenpeopleareopentoappreciating(欣賞)suchexperiences,thesemomentsmayimprovehowtheyseetheirownlife.Wecallthisexperientialappreciation(EA).”可知，當(dāng)人們樂于欣賞這樣的經(jīng)歷時，這些時刻可能會改善他們對自己生活的看法，我們稱之為體驗(yàn)欣賞。選項(xiàng)D“你停下來欣賞路邊的玫瑰”符合，故選D。23．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Sometimeslifeenablesustoexperiencesmallmomentsofbeauty.Whenpeopleareopentoappreciating(欣賞)suchexperiences,thesemomentsmayimprovehowtheyseetheirownlife.”可知，生活讓我們體驗(yàn)到美麗的小瞬間，當(dāng)人們樂于欣賞這樣的經(jīng)歷時，這些時刻可能會改善他們對自己生活的看法。故選B。24．段落大意題。根據(jù)“Thisfocusonfutureoutcomesmakesitalltooeasytomisswhatishappeningrightnow.”可知，我們經(jīng)常忽略當(dāng)下正在發(fā)生的一切。故選B。25．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Butwebelievethereismoretoconsider.”本文主要討論有意義的生活的一個新的要素，故選C。（2022·湖南永州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）OnAugust30,2021,theChinesegovernmentannouncedthatkidswouldnotbeallowedtoplayonlinegamesMondaystoThursdays.Onweekendsandholidays,kidswouldbelimited(限制)toanhouradayofonlinegaming.“Recently,manyparentshavereportedthatplayinggamescrazilyamongsomeyouthsandchildrenisseriouslyharmingtheirnormalstudy,lifeandhealth.”theChinesegovernmentsaidonline.Thisnewsgotusthinking.Shouldthegovernmentberesponsibleforlimitinghowmuchtimekidsspendonline?Herearesomestudents’opinions.EsmeMcNeely,11Thegovernmentshouldnotsetscreen-timelimits.Thatdecisionshouldbeuptoparents.Somechildrenneedtousescreensforhomework.AndduringtheCOVID-19,oneoftheonlywaystotalktofriendswasonline.Governmentlimitswouldnotbefairtopeoplewhoarecarefulwiththeirscreentime.LucasBarone,11Thegovernmentshouldnotlimitscreentime.A2021studyfromtheUniversityofColoradoBouldersaysscreentimemightbelessharmfultokidsthanpeoplethink.Someparentsworrythatchildrenonlinetoomuchwon’tmakefriends.Butthestudyreportsthatscreentimecanactuallyimprovekids’friendships.Infact,screentimecanbeeducational.Iusewebsitestoreadandtolearnmath.XiuhanZhu,9Ithinkthegovernmentshouldtakeactionandlimitscreentimeforkids.Toomuchscreentimecanleadtotirednessandlesssocialtime.Peoplewhousesmartphonesaremorelikelytogetintocaraccidents.Electricalproductslikecomputerscanalsobeharmfulforkids.Ifkidsaren’tcarefulwiththewebsitestheyuse,criminalscangetimportantinformation.NingLi,10MostpeoplespendtoomuchtimeontheirphonesandTVs.Theyhurttheireyesandwastetheirtime.AndwatchingalotofTVorplayinggamescaninfluencekids’learningandsocialskills.Ifthegovernmentlimitedscreentime,peoplewouldbeencouragedtospendmoretimewiththeirfamily.Theymightjoinasportsteamintheirneighborhood.26．Whenarekidsallowedtoplayonlinegamesforanhouraday?A．OnMondays. B．OnWednesday. C．Onweekends.27．Whoisagainstscreen-timelimits?A．EsmeMcNeely. B．XiuhanZhu. C．NingLi.28．WhatdoesthestudyfromtheUniversityofColoradoBouldershow?A．Screentimemightdonoharmtokids.B．Screentimecanimprovekids’friendships.C．Screentimewon’thelpkidsmakefriends.29．WhatareNingLi’sopinionsaboutscreen-timelimits?A．Toomuchscreentimecanleadtotiredness.B．Criminalscangetimportantinformationeasily.C．Peopleareencouragedtospendmoretimewiththeirfamily.30．Whatisthearticlemainlyabout?A．Screentimecanbeeducational.B．Screentimecanleadtolesssocialtime.C．Whetherthegovernmentshouldsetscreen-timelimits.【答案】26．C27．A28．B29．C30．C【導(dǎo)語】本文針對政府是否應(yīng)該負(fù)責(zé)限制孩子們花在網(wǎng)上的時間，幾個孩子給出了自己的看法。26．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Onweekendsandholidays,kidswouldbelimited(限制)toanhouradayofonlinegaming.”可知，在周末和節(jié)假日，孩子們每天只能玩一個小時的網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲。故選C。27．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“EsmeMcNeely,11...Thegovernmentshouldnotsetscreen-timelimits.”可知，EsmeMcNeely反對限制，故選A。28．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“A2021studyfromtheUniversityofColoradoBouldersaysscreentimemightbelessharmfultokidsthanpeoplethink.Someparentsworrythatchildrenonlinetoomuchwon’tmakefriends.Butthestudyreportsthatscreentimecanactuallyimprovekids’friendships.”可知，科羅拉多大學(xué)博爾德分校2021年的一項(xiàng)研究稱，屏幕時間對孩子的傷害可能比人們想象的要小，一些家長擔(dān)心孩子上網(wǎng)太多會交不到朋友，但研究報告稱，屏幕時間實(shí)際上可以改善孩子們的友誼。故選B。29．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Ifthegovernmentlimitedscreentime,peoplewouldbeencouragedtospendmoretimewiththeirfamily.”可知，如果限制屏幕時間，人們就會被鼓勵花更多的時間和家人在一起。故選C。30．主旨大意題。本文針對政府是否應(yīng)該負(fù)責(zé)限制孩子們花在網(wǎng)上的時間，幾個孩子給出了自己的看法。選項(xiàng)C“政府是否應(yīng)該設(shè)置屏幕時間限制”符合主題，故選C。（2023·河北保定·統(tǒng)考一模）SpringFestivalisatimeforchildrentoreceiveluckymoney.Doyouthinkparentsshouldlookaftertheirchildren’sluckymoney?Here,somemiddleschoolstudentsaresharingtheirideas.TianYun:Luckymoneyshouldbekeptbyparentsbecausechildrengenerallydon’thavemuchexperiencewithmoneyandarelikelytoformthehabitofsplashingout.Theycan’tcontrolthemselveswhentheyseethingstheylike.Soonlyaftertheygraduatefromhighschoolcantheymanagetheirmoney.HouYi:Ithinkchildrenshouldbefreetospendtheirluckymoneybecauseit’sagoodchancetodeveloptheirmoneymanagementskills.Childrenwillbeabletolearnhowtousetheirmoneyproperly.Whatparentsshoulddoistoguidethemcorrectly.WangXin:Itistoodifficultforyoungchildrentomanagetheirmoneywiselyastherearesomanydistractions(干擾)outside.Withlargeamountsofmoney,theymaybecheatedbybadpersons,whichwillmakethemgetintotrouble.CuiHan:AccordingtothelatestCivilCode(《民法典》),8yearsoldisadividingline.Thatmeanschildrenover8havetherighttodealwiththeirownmoney.Theyshouldbetrustedtomanagetheirmoney.Ithelpsthembecomefinancially(財(cái)政上)independentearlyinlife.31．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“splashingout”probablymean?A．notspendinganymoney B．raisingmoneyforothersC．spendingmoneylikewater D．lendingmoneytoothers32．Matchthestudentswiththeiropinionsandchoosetherightanswer.①TianYun

②HouYi

③WangXin

④CuiHana.Childrenmaybecheatediftheyhavealotofmoney.b.Childrenolderthaneightcanmanagetheirmoney.c.Parentscanguidechildrentospendmoneycorrectly.d.Childrencanmanagetheirmoneyaftergraduation.A．①—a；②—d；③—b；④—c B．①—d；②—c；③—a；④—bC．①—d；②—b；③—a；④—c D．①—a；②—c；③—d；④—b33．Whatarethestudentstalkingabout?A．Whotokeepluckymoney? B．Wheretosaveluckymoney?C．Howtouseluckymoney? D．Whentoreceiveluckymoney?34．Inwhichpartofthemagazinecanyoureadthetext?A．Familyandsociety. B．Healthandmedicine.C．Natureandenvironment. D．Scienceandtechnology.【答案】31．C32．B33．A34．A【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了幾個學(xué)生關(guān)于父母是否應(yīng)該保管孩子壓歲錢的看法。31．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段的“Luckymoneyshouldbekeptbyparentsbecausechildrengenerallydon’thavemuchexperiencewith