專題05閱讀理解之說明文(解析版)-2023年中考英語一模試題分項(xiàng)匯編(全國通用)

試卷第=page2020頁，共=sectionpages11頁專題05閱讀理解之說明文（2023·江蘇無錫·江蘇省錫山高級中學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校?？家荒＃〣ackinBrisbane,Australia,fortheChristmasbreak,Ifoundmyselfinapublictransportdeadzone.Bikeless,7kilometersfromwhereIwasmeetingfriendsandunwillingtogetataxi,Idecidedtoborrowanelectricscooter.Thetriptookfarlongerthanitwouldhavebybike,mainlybecauseofamajorspillhalfwaythere.Arock,hitatspeed,isaterriblething:weekslater,Istillhadtheredkneesofaprimaryschooler.IntheUK,theyarelegal(合法的)onlyonprivateland,buttheDepartmentforTransportisdiscussinghowtocontrolthemonpublicroadsandpathways,withthepossibilityforlegalizationlaterthisyear.Othercitiesthathavee-scooterrentalprogramshavehadproblemsintheearlyperiod.InParis,MayorAnneHidalgodescribedthesituationlastyearasmessy.Shehasannouncedthatthecityisreducingitsnumberofe-scootersto15,000andplanstocreatelawsforbiddingthemfrompavements(人行道).Francehasputintoforcelawslimitinge-scooterspeedsto25kilometresperhour.Similartodockless(無樁的)hirebicycles,e-scootersareparkedonpavementsandpeopleleavethemuptreesorthrowthemintorivers.Wildtreatmentshortenstheirlifetime,whichisbadforbothprofitability(盈利)andtheenvironment.Analysissuggeststhattheaveragee-scooter’slifetimeisjustthreemonths.Ithinke-scootersareanbasicpartoftheefforttomakecitytransportgreener.Theyareseenasakeytothe“l(fā)astmile”problem—apotentialwaytoreducetransportjambyrapidlygettingsomeonetotheirfinalgoal.Carscantakeup28timesthespaceofapersonridingabicycle.Asfarastheenvironmentaleffectgoes,recentresearchsuggeststhate-scootersarenotasgreenaswalkingorcycling,buttheyarestillbetterthancars.Andthoughtherearestillmanyreportsofseriousaccidents,scootingisaboutassafeascycling.StephenGosslingatLundUniversityinSwedenhassuggestedwebuildcar-free“micromobility”streets,wherecyclists,pedestrians(行人)ande-scooterscouldsharetheroad.Hethinksthiswillreduceaccidentrisksandinvitemorevulnerable(易受傷害的)trafficparticipants,suchaschildren,tobecomeactivetransportusers.Ifmoree-scootersmeanfewercarsonroads,animprovementinlocalairqualityisalsoalikelyresult.When20kilometersofroadsincentralLondonclosedforWorldCar-FreeDaylastSeptember,theairqualitywasgreatlyimprovedaccordingtothereport.1．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“amajorspill”inParagraph1probablymean?A．Aseriousfall. B．Asuddenillness. C．Alegalreaction. D．Aterriblebreakdown.2．Whatdoweknowaboute-scootersinParis?A．Theyareillegalonpavements. B．Theyarealreadyoutoffashion.C．Theyarefacingmorelimits. D．Theyaremorecommononprivateland.3．Whatisthewriter’sopinionofe-scooters?A．Theyarenotassafeascycling. B．Theyalwayscausethetrafficjams.C．Theyareasgreenascyclingorwalking. D．Theyplayabigroleinthe“l(fā)astmile”problem.4．WhatisStephenGossling’ssuggestion?A．Tosetupmorecare-freedays. B．Toinvitemorecycliststousee-scooters.C．Togetvulnerablepedestriansofftheroad. D．Toseparatecarsfrome-scootersontheroad.【答案】1．A

2．C

3．D

4．D【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了一些城市出現(xiàn)電動踏板車后出現(xiàn)的一些問題。但作者認(rèn)為電動摩托車是城市交通綠化的重要組成部分。很多的電動滑板車意味著道路上汽車的減少，那么當(dāng)?shù)氐目諝赓|(zhì)量可能也會改善。1．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“Thetriptookfarlongerthanitwouldhavebybike”可知作者花費(fèi)了比騎自行車更久的時(shí)間，再由“Arock,hitatspeed,isaterriblething:weekslater,Istillhadtheredkneesofaprimaryschooler.”可知電動車在路上撞到了石頭上，作者摔了一跤，amajorspill意為“摔了一跤”。故選A。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“InParis,MayorAnneHidalgodescribedthesituationlastyearasmessy.Shehasannouncedthatthecityisreducingitsnumberofe-scootersto15,000andplanstocreatelawsforbiddingthemfrompavements.”可知在巴黎電動踏板車受到了諸多限制。故選C。3．觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)“Ithinke-scootersareanbasicpartoftheefforttomakecitytransportgreener.Theyareseenasakeytothe‘lastmile’problem—apotentialwaytoreducetransportjambyrapidlygettingsomeonetotheirfinalgoal.”可知作者認(rèn)為電動踏板車在“最后一英里”問題中發(fā)揮重要作用。故選D。4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“StephenGosslingatLundUniversityinSwedenhassuggestedwebuildcar-free‘micromobility’streets,wherecyclists,pedestriansande-scooterscouldsharetheroad.”可知StephenGossling建議在路上把汽車和電動踏板車分開。故選D。（2023·浙江溫州·校聯(lián)考一模）Swedenproducesabout4.4milliontonsofwasteayear,butonly1%makesitswaytothelandfill.Whenitcomestowastemanagement,Swedenisaheadofitstime.HowhasSwedendoneit?InSweden,everyoneworkshardtomaketheenvironmentfreeofwaste.Peoplearetaughttorecyclefromaveryyoungage.Theyareaskedtoreturncansandbottlestosupermarkets.Thegovernmentplacesrecyclingstationsnomorethan300metersfromhomes,schools,andoffices.TheseallhelpwastemanagementinSwedenmucheasierandmorepractical.Thecountryalsorewardsthosewhorecycle.In1984,Swedenstartedthepantasystem.Itencouragespeopletorecyclebottlesinexchangeformoney.Theprocessisverysimple.Peopleputtheiritemsintoamachine.Eachpiecehasasmallbarcodethattellsthemachinehowmuchitisworth.Peoplecancollectavoucherforthatamountbypressingagreenbutton,ortheycandonatethemoneytocharitybypressingayellowbutton.In2021,theSwedishrecycled1.8billionbottlesandcansbyusingpantasystem.Swedenrecyclesnearly50%ofwhatitthrowsaway.Butwhatabouttheotherhalf?________AltogetherSwedenhas34waste-to-energyplantsthatprovide1,445,000homeswithheatand780,000homeswithelectricity.ChangingwasteintoenergyhasreducedSweden’sCO2emissionsby2.2milliontonsayear.In2016,Swedenhadstartedrunningoutoftrash,soitbeganimportingwastefromothercountries.Itnotonlykeepstheplantsworking,butalsoletsSwedenmakemuchmoney.ThatiswhatmakesSwedendifferentfromtheothercountries.Sweden’swastemanagementhasmadeagreatsuccess.Butstill,thecountryiswonderinghowitcandomore.Theyhopetoseeadaywhenlandfillsareathingofthepast.5．Theword“These”inPara.2referstothe________thathelptorecyclethewaste.A．plans B．meanings C．a(chǎn)ctions D．reasons6．Inthepantasystem,peoplecan________.A．findrecyclingstationseasily B．sellbottlestosupermarketsC．changethewasteintoenergy D．getrewardsfrommachines7．Whichofthefollowingcanbebestfilledinthe________inPara.4?A．ThiswasteisrecycledbySwedishathome.B．Thiswastegoestolandfillsandisburntthere.C．Thiswasteisputintomachinesandissoldabroad.D．Thiswastegoestoplantsandischangedintoenergy.8．Thepurposeofthispassageisto________.A．celebratethesuccessofwasterecyclinginSwedenB．a(chǎn)dviseothercountriestoaskforhelpfromSwedenC．introducetheSwedishmethodofwastemanagementD．showSwedenearnsmuchmoneybyrecyclingwaste【答案】5．C

6．D

7．D

8．C【導(dǎo)語】本文主要講了瑞典處理垃圾的方法。5．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“InSweden,everyoneworkshardtomaketheenvironmentfreeofwaste.Peoplearetaughttorecyclefromaveryyoungage.Theyareaskedtoreturncansandbottlestosupermarkets.Thegovernmentplacesrecyclingstationsnomorethan300metersfromhomes,schools,andoffices.”可知此處講人們幫助回收垃圾的行為，此處的“These”指的是上文的種種行為，故選C。6．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“In1984,Swedenstartedthepantasystem.Itencouragespeopletorecyclebottlesinexchangeformoney.”可知在panta系統(tǒng)中，人們可以從機(jī)器中獲得獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。故選D。7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)后文“AltogetherSwedenhas34waste-to-energyplantsthatprovide1,445,000homeswithheatand780,000homeswithelectricity.ChangingwasteintoenergyhasreducedSweden’sCO2emissionsby2.2milliontonsayear.”可知此處講的是將廢物轉(zhuǎn)化為能源，D選項(xiàng)“這些廢物進(jìn)入發(fā)電廠并轉(zhuǎn)化為能源。”符合語境。故選D。8．推理判斷題。通讀全文及“Sweden’swastemanagementhasmadeagreatsuccess.”可知本文主要介紹瑞典的廢物管理方法。故選C。（2023·山東日照·?？家荒＃㏕OKYO,JAPAN—Whatdoyoudowhenyouseeacockroach(蟑螂)?Doyouhititwithanewspaper?Doyousteponit?WhenresearchersatTokyoUniversityseeacockroach,theytaketheremotecontrolandmakethecockroachturnaround,runleftorright,orgoforward.Thesescientistsarechangingthecockroachesintorobots.Eachcockroachhasaverysmallpacketthathasinitamicroprocessor(微處理器).Thenresearcherscansendsignalsfromtheremotecontroltothepacket.Thesignalscontrolthemovementsofthecockroaches.Whydoesanyonewanttocontrolacockroach?“Insectscandomanythingsthatpeoplecan’t,”saysIsaoShimoyama,headofrobotresearchatTokyoUniversity.Inafewyears,hesays,theserobotinsectswillcarryverysmallcameras.Theywillbeabletomovethroughearthquakerubble(瓦礫)tolookforpeopleormoveunderdoorstofindinformationaboutsomeone.Thismayseemstrange,buttheJapanesegovernmentthinkstheresearchisveryimportant.Thegovernmentisgivingthescientists$5millionforthisresearch.First,theresearchersbreed(培育)hundredsofcockroaches.TheyuseonlytheAmericancockroachbecauseitisbiggerandstrongerthanothercockroaches.Thentheychoosethebestcockroachesandremovetheirwingsandantennae(觸須).Theyputsmallpackswheretheantennaewere.Thepacksweighaboutthreegrams,orabouttwotimestheweightofthecockroachesthemselves.“Cockroachesareverystrong,”saysRalphHolzer,whoisaresearcheratTokyoUniversity.“Theycanlift20timestheirownweight.”Witharemotecontrol,thescientistssendsignalstothepacks.Whenacockroachgetsthesignal,itmoves.Theproblemisthatthecockroachesdon’talwaysmoveintherightdirection.9．Thescientistsarechangingthecockroachesintorobotsbecause________.A．theywantcockroachestodothingspeoplecan’tinthefutureB．theywanttocontrolthemovementsofthecockroachesC．theywantcockroachestotakephotosoftheearthquakesD．theywanttosendsignalstothepacksonthecockroaches10．Whatcancockroachesdotohelppeople?A．Theycanlift20timestheirownweight.B．Theycanhelppeopletocarryverysmallcameras.C．Theycanbreedhundredsofcockroaches.D．Theycansearchforthosepeopleinrubbleafteranearthquake.11．Scientistscontrolcockroaches’movements________.A．byremovingtheirwings B．bysendingsignalsfromtheremotecontrolC．byusingverysmallcameras D．byremovingtheirantennae12．Whatproblemdotheresearchersmeetwith?A．Thecockroachessometimesdon’tmove.B．Thecockroachessometimesmoveinthewrongdirection.C．Thecockroachesarctoobigtomovethroughearthquakerubble.D．Thecockroachescanonlylift20timestheirownweight.13．What’stheobjectofthisarticle?A．Thecockroaches B．Thesignals C．Thecockroachrobot D．Theresearchers【答案】9．A

10．D

11．B

12．B

13．A【導(dǎo)語】本文介紹了日本東京的科學(xué)家們想要發(fā)明的蟑螂機(jī)器人以及它的作用。9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Whydoesanyonewanttocontrolacockroach?“Insectscandomanythingsthatpeoplecan’t,”saysIsaoShimoyama”可知，因?yàn)轶肽茏龊芏嗳瞬荒茏龅氖虑椋蔬xA。10．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Theywillbeabletomovethroughearthquakerubble(瓦礫)tolookforpeopleormoveunderdoorstofindinformationaboutsomeone.”可知，蟑螂能夠在地震廢墟中搜尋人員，故選D。11．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Thenresearcherscansendsignalsfromtheremotecontroltothepacket.Thesignalscontrolthemovementsofthecockroaches.”可知，研究人員可以從遙控器向數(shù)據(jù)包發(fā)送信號，這些信號控制著蟑螂的行動，故選B。12．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Theproblemisthatthecockroachesdon’talwaysmoveintherightdirection.”可知，問題是蟑螂并不總是朝著正確的方向移動，故選B。13．主旨大意題。根據(jù)“TOKYO,JAPAN—Whatdoyoudowhenyouseeacockroach(蟑螂)?Doyouhititwithanewspaper?Doyousteponit?”以及整個(gè)文章的理解可知，文章主要是介紹日本東京的科學(xué)家們想要發(fā)明的蟑螂機(jī)器人以及它的作用，故選A。（2023·浙江溫州·校聯(lián)考一模）Humansaregettingawayfromthenaturegraduallybecauseofthedevelopingtechnology.ButnowDigitalTechnologyisofferingusanopportunitytolistentothesoundsinthenatureinpowerfulways,makingusgetclosertotheworldsofanimalsandplants.Allaroundthenature,therearesoundsthatwestruggletopickupandunderstand.Elephants,forexample,communicatewitheachotherusinginfrasound,asoundfarbelowourhumanhearingrange.Coralintheoceanalsocommunicateswitheachotherthroughsoundwaves,withonepurposeofattractingbabycoraltoareaswhereitcansuccessfullygrow.Thisisashockingfactascoraldoesn’thaveanyears!Topickupsoundshumansarenormallyunabletohear,scientistshaveplacedlisteningdevicesintheseenvironments.Researchershaveattachedtinymicrophonestohoneybeesandturtles,andstucklisteningpoststhatcanreceivedifferentsoundwavesfromcoralreefsandtrees.Thesedevicesarecontrolledbycomputersandnetworkedwithdigitalsensorsandsatellites.Wheninterconnected,thesedigitaldevicesworklikeahearingaid:enablinghumanstoobserveandrecordnature’ssoundsbeyondthelimitsofourownlisteningability.Afterthesoundsarerecorded,AIisthenabletodeterminetheirmeanings.Withthistechnology,humanscannotonlyunderstandtheanimals,butalsocommunicatebacktothem.Forexample,ateamofresearchersinGermanydecodedthehoneybees’behaviorwithAI.Thentheytaughttinyrobotshowtodothehoneybeedance.Usingthesedancingmachines,thescientistswereabletoorderthehoneybeestostopmoving,andtocommunicatewheretoflytocollectaspecificnectar.Inadditiontothepossibilityofspeakingwithanimals,theresearchcouldalsobeusedtocreateaformofhealingforanimalsandplants.That’stosay,inthenearfuture,scientistsmightbeabletogetcoraltogrowincertainareasbyplaying“healthyreef”sounds,whichcouldhelptohealsomeofthedamagewehavecaused.Now,DigitalTechnologyprovidesanewwayforhumanstolistentothevividsoundsallaroundus.Thedreamofallowinghumanstosocializewithdifferentanimalsandplantsthroughoutthenatureisbeingonitsway.14．Accordingtothepassage,nowpeoplecanuseDigitalTechnologyto________.A．seecoral’sears B．listentothesoundsoftreesC．playwithelephants D．dancewithhoneybeesthemselves15．Whichistherightordertopickupthesoundsfromthenatureforscientists?a.AnalyzethemeaningswiththehelpofAI.

b.Placelisteningdevicesintothenatureworld.c.Collectthesoundsfromtheanimalsorplants.

d.Connectthedeviceswithcomputersandnetworks.A．b→d→c→a B．b→c→d→a C．c→b→a→d D．c→d→b→a16．WhatcouldmostprobablyhappenwiththehelpofDigitalTechnology?A．Morepeoplewillchoosetoliveinthenature.B．Therewillbemuchfeweranimalsinthenature.C．Peoplecanprotecttheenvironmentmoreeasily.D．Robotscanbeusedtocommunicatewithanything.17．What’sthebesttitleofthispassage?A．Digital-tech:AnInventiontoChangePeople’sLifeB．Digital-tech:ASuggestiontoRebuildtheNatureWorldC．Digital-tech:AnAidtoEnablePeopletoHearEverythingD．Digital-tech:ASkilltoHelpPeopletoTalkwiththeNature【答案】14．B

15．A

16．C

17．D【導(dǎo)語】本文介紹了科學(xué)家通過放置監(jiān)聽設(shè)備來傾聽生物的聲音，為我們提供一個(gè)強(qiáng)有力的方式傾聽非人類的聲音的機(jī)會，讓我們更接近動物和植物世界。14．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“ButnowDigitalTechnologyisofferingusanopportunitytolistentothesoundsinthenatureinpowerfulways,makingusgetclosertotheworldsofanimalsandplants.”可知數(shù)字技術(shù)為我們提供了一個(gè)機(jī)會，讓我們以強(qiáng)有力的方式傾聽大自然的聲音，故選B。15．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Topickupsoundshumansarenormallyunabletohear,scientistshaveplacedlisteningdevicesintheseenvironments.”可知先將聽力設(shè)備放在大自然中，a項(xiàng)應(yīng)排第一；根據(jù)第三段“Thesedevicesarecontrolledbycomputersandnetworkedwithdigitalsensorsandsatellites.”可知要將設(shè)備與計(jì)算機(jī)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接，d項(xiàng)應(yīng)排第二；根據(jù)第三段“Wheninterconnected,thesedigitaldevicesworklikeahearingaid:enablinghumanstoobserveandrecordnature’ssoundsbeyondthelimitsofourownlisteningability.”可知將設(shè)備與計(jì)算機(jī)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接后，要收集記錄聲音，c項(xiàng)應(yīng)排第三；根據(jù)第三段“Afterthesoundsarerecorded,AIisthenabletodeterminetheirmeanings.”可知聲音記錄下來后，借助人工智能分析意義，a項(xiàng)排第四。故選A。16．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“That’stosay,inthenearfuture,scientistsmightbeabletogetcoraltogrowincertainareasbyplaying“healthyreef”sounds,whichcouldhelptohealsomeofthedamagewehavecaused.”可知在數(shù)字技術(shù)的幫助下，人們可以更容易地保護(hù)環(huán)境。故選C。17．最佳標(biāo)題題。根據(jù)“ButnowDigitalTechnologyisofferingusanopportunitytolistentothesoundsinthenatureinpowerfulways,makingusgetclosertotheworldsofanimalsandplants.”（但現(xiàn)在，數(shù)字技術(shù)為我們提供了一個(gè)機(jī)會，讓我們以強(qiáng)有力的方式傾聽大自然的聲音，讓我們更接近動物和植物的世界。）及“Withthistechnology,humanscannotonlyunderstandtheanimals,butalsocommunicatebacktothem.”（有了這項(xiàng)技術(shù)，人類不僅可以理解動物，還可以與它們進(jìn)行交流。）可知選項(xiàng)D“數(shù)字技術(shù)：幫助人們與自然對話的技能”符合本文主題，故選D。（2023·廣東珠?！ぶ楹Ｊ形膱@中學(xué)?？家荒＃〧ormiddleandprimaryschoolstudents,beingabletocookhasbecomeamust.Theywillalsoneedtolearnhowtoplantvegetables,raisepoultry(家禽)andmaintainhomeappliances(維修電器)undernewrequirementsforlabor(勞動)education.TheMinistryofEducation(MOB)broughtoutanewstandardforlaboreducationinschoolslastyear.Startingfrom2022fallsemester,studentsinprimaryandmiddleschoolshavetotakecoursesonlaborskillsatleastonceaweek.Thenewstandardsincludethreetypesoflabortasks.Thefirstisbasiclifeskillslikeeverydayhouseholdchores,includingcleaning,cooking,usingandmaintaininghomeappliances.Nextisindustryandagriculture(農(nóng)業(yè))laborpractice,includingnewtechnologieslike3Dprinting,andtraditionalcrafts(工藝)learning.Thethirdtypeisserviceworksuchascommunityvolunteerservices.SchoolsinChinahavetraditionallyplacedmorefocusonstudying,andmanyhaveregardedhouseholdchoresasawasteofchildren’stime.ButaccordingtotheMOE,laboreducationmustbebuiltuptohelpstudentsenrichtheirlifeexperience,cultivate(培養(yǎng))apositiveviewoflabor,valuehardwork,anddevelopaninterestinlabor.Onlinepeoplehavebeenbusydiscussingthenewstandardsonsocialmedia.LiTing,amotherof6-year-oldtwinsinShanghaistronglysupportslaboreducation.Forthepastyear,shetrainedherdaughterstodochoresandmakesimpledishesforthefamily.“Themainideaistoletkidsshareresponsibilityandbecomeindependentasearlyastheycan,”saidWangPeng,afatherfromGuangdang.“Children’shand-eyecoordination(協(xié)調(diào))timemanagementandorganizationskillscanbetrainedbydoinghousework,”saidSunYunxiao,aparentingexpert.Theyallagreethatchildrenwillfindfunindoingchoresthroughsucheducation.18．Whatcananinth-gradestudentlearnthroughlaboreducation?a.Howtoplantvegetables.b.Howtoraisechickenorducks.c.Howtobemorecarefulinclass.d.Howtorepaircomputersorfridges.A．a(chǎn)bc B．a(chǎn)bd C．bcd D．a(chǎn)cd19．Themeaningoftheunderlinedword“enrich”inParagraph4is________.A．improve B．teach C．a(chǎn)chieve D．value20．WhatdoesSunYunxiaothinkoflaboreducation?A．Itletsstudentsshareresponsibilityandbecomeindependent.B．Ithelpsstudentsenrichlifeexperience.C．Ittakesuptoomuchofstudents’freetime.D．Ithelpsstudentsmanagetheirtimebetter.21．Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A．Newcoursesofhouseholdchoresforprimaryschoolstudents.B．Laboreducationforprimaryandmiddleschoolstudents.C．People’sopinionsonlaboreducation.D．Newtechnologicalskillsusedinprimaryandmiddleschools.22．Ifweputthepassageintothreeparts,whichofthefollowingisbest?(①=Para.1)A．①②;③④;⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨ B．①;②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧;⑨C．①;②③④;⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨ D．①②③④;⑤⑥⑦⑧;⑨【答案】18．B

19．A

20．D

21．B

22．C【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了教育局的新規(guī)定——中小學(xué)生必須每周至少上一次勞動技能課程，介紹了課程的內(nèi)容，以及家長們對此規(guī)定的看法。18．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Theywillalsoneedtolearnhowtoplantvegetables,raisepoultry(家禽)andmaintainhomeappliances(維修電器)undernewrequirementsforlabor(勞動)education”可知，學(xué)習(xí)如何種植蔬菜，飼養(yǎng)家禽和維修電器，故選B。19．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“l(fā)aboreducationmustbebuiltuptohelpstudentsenrichtheirlifeexperience”可知，勞動教育幫助學(xué)生豐富他們的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)，所以劃線單詞與improve詞義接近，故選A。20．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Children’shand-eyecoordination(協(xié)調(diào))timemanagementandorganizationskillscanbetrainedbydoinghousework”可知，可以幫助學(xué)生們更好地時(shí)間管理，故選D。21．主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了教育局的新規(guī)定——中小學(xué)生必須每周至少上一次勞動技能課程，故選B。22．篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。通讀全文可知，第一段引出“新規(guī)定”；第二段，第三段和第四段介紹新規(guī)定包括哪些內(nèi)容以及它的好處；第五段到最后一段是人們在網(wǎng)上發(fā)表的對此的看法。故選C。（2023·河北衡水·校考二模）Hello,everyone.Here’sNBTV-1.I’mWangYi.TheChinesegovernmentprovidesfreeCOVID-19vaccines(疫苗)forallChinesepeople.It’sreallyofgreathelpbutsomemaystillhavesomequestionsabouttheCOVID-19vaccines.Icollectedsomemainquestions—“Howdoesthevaccinework?”,“Areyouallowedtogetit?Andhow?”and“Whatdoyouneedtodobeforegettingit?”Nowlet’saskthedoctor,Mr.Zhangaboutit.WangYi:Howdoesthevaccinework?Mr.Zhang:ThevaccinesChinaisnowusingarecalled“inactivated(滅活)vaccines”.Thereare“dead”virusesinthesevaccines.Theycannotcausethedisease,butcanshowyourbodywhattheviruslookslikeandmakeyouimmune(免疫)toit.StudiesshowthatChina’svaccinesare79.34percenteffective.Thismeansthatforevery100peoplewhogetvaccinated,about79peoplewillbecomeimmunetothevirus.If79percentofthewholepopulationbecomesimmune,thepossibilityofCOVID-19spreadingwillbeverylow.WangYi:Howisthevaccinegiven?Mr.Zhang:Thevaccineisgivenbyinjection(注射).It’ssuggestedtogettwoperiods.Youshouldwaitabouttwoweeksafterthefirstinjectiontogetthesecondone.WangYi:Canpeopleofallagesgetvaccinated?Mr.Zhang:Thevaccineshavebeentestedamongthreedifferentagegroups:3to17,18to59,and60andabove.The18-to-59agegrouphasthemostdata(數(shù)據(jù))—thevaccineshaveshownthatit’ssafetothisgroup.Theothertwogroupsareexpectedtobeincludedsoon.WangYi:Thanksalot.Ihavethelastquestion…23．Who’sWangYi?A．Adoctor. B．Aleader. C．Apatient. D．Areporter.24．WhatdoesWangYithinkofthevaccine?A．Valuable. B．Useless. C．Expensive. D．Dangerous.25．Whichofthefollowingisrightaccordingtothetext?A．ThevaccinestheChineseareusingnowarecalled“activatedvaccines”.B．Accordingtothevaccinetest,the3to17agegrouphastheleastdata.C．If79peoplebecomeimmune,COVID-19mightbestoppedspreading.D．Beforegettingthesecondinjection,youshouldwaitforabout14days.26．Whatmaythelastquestionbe?A．Whyshouldpeoplegetthevaccine?B．Howlongcanpeoplekeepthevaccine?C．Canpeopledrinkbeforetheygetthevaccine?D．CanthevaccinemakepeopleavoidCOVID-19?【答案】23．D

24．A

25．D

26．C【導(dǎo)語】本文主要是記者和醫(yī)生的談話，談?wù)摿诵鹿谝呙缦嚓P(guān)的一些話題。23．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章開頭的“Here’sNBTV-1.I’mWangYi.

”可知這是NBTV-1。我是王毅。結(jié)合后文的談話可知他是一名記者。故選D。24．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“TheChinesegovernmentprovidesfreeCOVID-19vaccines(疫苗)forallChinesepeople.It’sreallyofgreathelpbutsomemaystillhavesomequestionsabouttheCOVID-19vaccines.”可知中國政府為所有中國人提供免費(fèi)的COVID-19疫苗。這確實(shí)有很大幫助，但有些人可能仍然對COVID-19疫苗有一些疑問。由此可知他認(rèn)為疫苗是有用的，有價(jià)值的。故選A。25．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“Youshouldwaitabouttwoweeksafterthefirstinjectiontogetthesecondone.”可知您應(yīng)該在第一次注射后等待大約兩周才能進(jìn)行第二次注射。因此選項(xiàng)D正確。故選D。26．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“Icollectedsomemainquestions—“Howdoesthevaccinework?”,“Areyouallowedtogetit?Andhow?”and“Whatdoyouneedtodobeforegettingit?”可知收集了一些主要問題：“疫苗是如何工作的”，“你可以接種它嗎？“怎樣接種”，以及“在接種它之前你需要做什么”，因此最后一個(gè)問題應(yīng)該是與接種前的事情相關(guān)，選項(xiàng)C“人們可以在接種疫苗前喝酒嗎”符合。故選C。（2023·河北滄州·校考一模）WhydidChinesepeoplehavemorethanonenameinancienttimes?InancientChina,people’snameshadthreeparts,theirfamilyname,givennameandcourtesyname.TakefamouspoetLiBaiforexample.Hisfamilyname,whichcamefromhisfather’sname,wasLi.HisgivennamewasBai,andhiscourtesynamewasTaibai.Peopleusedtheirgivennameswhentheywereamongfamilymembers.Butinsociallife,theycalledeachotherbytheircourtesynamestoshowrespect.Thiswasmostlydoneamongpeopleofsimilarage.Ifyouweretalkingaboutyourself,orifyoureldersweretalkingaboutyou,thegivennamewouldbeusedinsteadofthecourtesyname.Menwouldgettheircourtesynameswhentheyturned20.Itwasasymbolofadulthood(成年禮).Womenwouldgettheircourtesynamesaftergettingmarried.One’scourtesynameoftenhadsomethingtodowithone’sgivenname.Forexample,thenameofMenciuswasMengKe.HiscourtesynamewasZiyu.BothKeandZiyumean“carriage(馬車)”.ZhugeLiang’sgivennamewasLiang,whichmeans“bright”.HiscourtesynamewasKongming,whichmeans“verybright”.27．Howmanypartsarethereinpeople’snamesinancientChina?A．3. B．4. C．5. D．6.28．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“courtesy”inParagraph2meaninChinese?A．名 B．姓氏 C．字 D．昵稱29．Whydidpeoplecalleachotherbytheircourtesynamesinsociallife?A．Toshowtheirlove. B．Toshowtheirgoodrelationship.C．Toshowtheirkindness. D．Toshowtheirrespect.30．Whatwouldbeusedifyoureldersweretalkingaboutyouaccordingtothepassage?A．Familyname. B．Nickname. C．Givenname. D．Courtesyname.【答案】27．A

28．C

29．D

30．C【導(dǎo)語】本文介紹了中國古代的人的名字的三部分：姓、名、字。文中介紹了人們?nèi)绾问褂眯彰械淖帧?7．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“InancientChina,people’snameshadthreeparts,theirfamilyname,givennameandcourtesyname.”可知，在中國古代人的名字有三部分，故選A。28．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“TakefamouspoetLiBaiforexample.Hisfamilyname,whichcamefromhisfather’sname,wasLi.HisgivennamewasBai,andhiscourtesynamewasTaibai.”可知，familyname表示姓；givenname表示名，courtesyname表示字，故選C。29．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Butinsociallife,theycalledeachotherbytheircourtesynamestoshowrespect.”可知，在社會生活中，人們互相稱對方的字是為了表示尊敬，故選D。30．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Ifyouweretalkingaboutyourself,orifyoureldersweretalkingaboutyou,thegivennamewouldbeusedinsteadofthecourtesyname.”可知，如果你的長輩談?wù)撃銜妹?，故選C。（2023·廣東茂名·統(tǒng)考一模）Kenya(肯尼亞),acountryinEastAfrica,isalandofnaturalbeauty.KenyaliesalongtheequatoronAfrica’seastcoast.TheIndianOceanistotheeastofKenya.HighlandsriseinthewesternpartofKenya.MountKenya,at5,199meters,isKenya’shighestmountain.Eastofthehighlands,thelandgoesdowntowardthecoast.Kenya’smostimportantriver,theTana,startsfromthehighlandstotheIndianOcean.Mostofthecountry’sotherriversareshortandshallow.Theysometimesdryupwhenthereislittlerainfall.Kenyahastwowetseasonsandtwodryseasons.RainfallisusuallyheavyfromApriltoMayandfromNovembertoDecember,whilesomeareasaremorecloudywithoutmuchrainbetweenJulyandAugustandfromJanuarytoMarch.Temperaturesaregenerallywarmerinthenorthandcoolerinthehighlands.Kenyaishometomanynationalparks.Greenforestsandbamboogrowinthehighlands.Thecountry’sanimalsincludeelephants,lions,giraffes,zebrasandmanyrare(稀有的)animals.TheKenyangovernmenthassetupmorethan50natureparks.Insidetheparks,thewildlifeisprotectedfromhunting.Thismakesthemexcellentplacestotakeajourney.31．FromParagraph2wecanknowthat________.A．thewesternpartofKenyaislevellandB．MountKenyaisKenya’shighestmountainC．KenyaliesalongtheequatoronAfrica’swestcoastD．thelandgoesdowntowardthecoastinthewestofthehighlands32．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“shallow”inParagraph3mean?A．notsafe B．notdeep. C．notwide. D．notdirty.33．WhatisKenyafamousforaccordingtoPara