高考英語復習+話題11：自然-基礎知識

英語高考復習課件話題11：自然第1課時：基礎知識LearningObjectives：1.通過對話題詞匯歸類，理解并識記自然話題詞匯。2.掌握重點詞匯的用法。Step1話題詞匯1.天氣Weatherclear,cloudless,light,fine,mild,bright,shine,sunshiny,hot,high,solar,tropical(熱帶的),cloud,cloudy,warm,warmth,dark,gloomy(陰暗的),decline,reduce,blow,breeze,cool,strong,wind,windy,lightning,damp/humid(潮濕的),pour,downpour/raincatsanddogs(傾盆大雨),mud,muddy,rainfall,storm,stormy,thunder,thunderstorm,wet,rainbow,chilly,freezing,freeze(froze,frozen),frost,frosty,hail(冰雹),ice,icy,snowy,sleet(雨夾雪),blizzard(暴風雪),snowfall,snowflake,cold,melt,mist(薄霧),fog,foggy,haze(霾),changeable,forecast,etc.2.氣候/季節(jié)Climate&Seasonatmosphere,climate,season,spring,summer,autumn(fall),winter,etc.重點：天氣及氣候的表達3.天氣影響Influenceaffect,influence,haveaneffect/impacton,blowdown,damage,endup,strike,shock,ruin,etc.4.自然災害NaturalDisasterdisaster/catastrophe(災難),desertification(荒漠化),drought(干旱),flood,hurricane,landslide(山體滑坡),sandstorm,tsunami(海嘯),tornado(龍卷風),typhoon,erupt(噴發(fā)、爆發(fā)),violence,violent,etc.5.自然資源NaturalResourcesnaturally,waterresources,mineral(礦物質),botanical(植物的),species,abundant(豐富的),ample(充足的),shade(暗處、陰涼處),rare,shadow,numerous,etc.重點：辨識自然災害及資源的名稱6.地球環(huán)境Environmentjungle(叢林),habitat(棲息地),horizon,desert,ecosystem(生態(tài)系統(tǒng)),mountainrange(山脈),ecologicalbalance,surroundings,etc.7.環(huán)境污染與破壞Pollution&Damagepollute,waste,radiate,poison,expose,exposure,disturb,disturbing,abuse(濫用),violate(違反),smelly,severe,severely,pest(害蟲),disastrous(災難性的),emission(排放物),consumption(消費),deforestation(毀林),acidrain(酸雨),globalwarming,greenhouseeffect,carbon-dioxide,soilloss,climatechange,energycrisis,populationexplosion(人口激增),dueto,etc.重點：掌握環(huán)境污染與破壞的表達8.垃圾和各種廢物Wastetrash,litter,garbage,rubbish,plastic,landfill(垃圾填埋場),greenhousegases,smog,etc.9.缺乏與過度開發(fā)Shortagelack,worsen,overdevelop,lessen,disappear,disappearance,endanger,short,shortage,extinct,extinction,excessiveexploitation(過度開發(fā)),etc.重點：掌握缺乏類保護類表達10.動植物保護與環(huán)境保護Protectionprotect,sort,absorb,balance,measure,rescue,reserve(保留),advocate(提倡),overcome,alarm,urgent,attitude,meaningful,reward,benefit,significance,fade(逐漸消失),evolution(進化),survive,survival,conservation,irrigation(灌溉),punish,punishment,harmony,garbageclassification(垃圾分類),etc.11.節(jié)約與循環(huán)利用Recycle&Reusereduce,recycle,reuse,circulate(循環(huán)),renewable(可更新的、可再生的),economize(節(jié)約),eco-friendly(環(huán)境友好的),low-carbon,alternativeenergy(新能源),environmental-friendly,environmentally-aware,etc.Step2單句填空1.Weshouldpaymoreattentiontotherarewildanimalsthatare___________(endanger).2.Theworld's________(resource)arefinite(有限的).3.Thelevelof________(pollute)intheriverwasfalling.4.Lifeintheforesthasbecomeastrugglefor_______(survive).5.Weshouldpayattentiontotheobvious_____________(disappear)ofcommondolphinsfromthewesternMediterraneaninrecentyears.6.Vietnamissufferingfromfood________(short).7.Suchadietiswidelybelievedtooffer__________(protect)againstanumberofcancers.8.Accurate____________(measure)isveryimportantinscience.9.Theydiscussedthestatistical___________(significant)oftheresults.10.__________(poison)chemicalscangetintothewatersupplyanddoharmtoourhealth.Step2單句填空1.Weshouldpaymoreattentiontotherarewildanimalsthatare___________(endanger).2.Theworld's________(resource)arefinite(有限的).3.Thelevelof________(pollute)intheriverwasfalling.4.Lifeintheforesthasbecomeastrugglefor_______(survive).5.Weshouldpayattentiontotheobvious_____________(disappear)ofcommondolphinsfromthewesternMediterraneaninrecentyears.pollutionendangereddisappearanceresourcessurvival考點：詞形變化考點：名詞復數考點：詞形變化考點：詞形變化考點：形容詞修飾名詞6.Vietnamissufferingfromfood________(short).7.Suchadietiswidelybelievedtooffer__________(protect)againstanumberofcancers.8.Accurate____________(measure)isveryimportantinscience.9.Theydiscussedthestatistical___________(significant)oftheresults.10.__________(poison)chemicalscangetintothewatersupplyanddoharmtoourhealth.protectionshortagemeasurementsignificancePoisonous

考點：名詞修飾名詞考點：詞形變化考點：詞形變化考點：詞形變化考點：詞形變化1.這次展覽的主題是環(huán)境保護。（2016年全國II卷）2.如今，隨著經濟的發(fā)展，許多城市面臨著嚴重的環(huán)境問題，這對人們的健康十分有害。3.該是我們人類采取適當的措施來維護生態(tài)平衡的時候了。4.更重要的是，每個公民都應該意識到問題的嚴重性，共同努力保護我們的環(huán)境。5.眾所周知，因為各種原因越來越多的動物處于極大的危險中。Step3句子翻譯1.這次展覽的主題是環(huán)境保護。（2016年全國II卷）Thethemeoftheshowisenvironmentalprotection.2.如今，隨著經濟的發(fā)展，許多城市面臨著嚴重的環(huán)境問題，這對人們的健康十分有害。2.Nowadays,withthedevelopmentofeconomy,manycitiesarefacedwithseriousenvironmentalproblems,whichdogreatharmtopeople’shealth.Step3句子翻譯3.該是我們人類采取適當的措施來維護生態(tài)平衡的時候了。Itishightimethatwehumanbeingstook/shouldtakepropermeasurestokeepthebalanceofnature.4.更重要的是，每個公民都應該意識到問題的嚴重性，共同努力保護我們的環(huán)境。Moreimportantly,everycitizenshouldrealizetheseriousnessoftheproblemandmake

jointeffortstoprotectourenvironment.5.眾所周知，因為各種原因越來越多的動物處于極大的危險中。Asisknown,anincreasingnumberofanimalsareingreatdangerforvariousreasons.

Step4：SummaryNature(Man&Nature)NaturalResourcesDisastersRespectReuseRecycleRescueReserveReduceAnimals&PlantsEnvironment閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。（2021年全國甲卷英語試題）PortLympneReserve,whichrunsabreeding(繁育)programme,haswelcomedthearrivalofarareblackrhinocalf(犀牛幼崽).WhenthetinycreaturearrivedonJanuary31,shebecamethe40thblackrhinotobebornatthereserve.AndofficialsatPortLympneweredelightedwiththenewarrival,especiallyasblackrhinosareknownforbeingdifficulttobreedincaptivity(圈養(yǎng)).PaulBeer,headofrhinosectionatPortLympne,said:“Obviouslywe'reallabsolutelydelightedtowelcomeanothercalftoourblackrhinofamily.She'shealthy,strongandalreadyeagertoplayandexplore.Hermother,Solio,isafirst-timemumandsheisdoingafantasticjob.It'sstillalittletoocoldforthemtogooutintotheopen,butassoonastheweatherwarmsup,Ihavenodoubtthatthelittleonewillbeoutandaboutexploringandplayingeveryday.”Step5

HomeworkTheadorablefemalecalfisthesecondblackrhinobornthisyearatthereserve,butitistooearlytotellifthecalveswillmakegoodcandidatestobereturnedtoprotectedareasofthewild.ThefirstrhinotobebornatPortLympnearrivedonJanuary5tofirst-timemotherKisimaandweighedabout32kg.Hismother,grandmotherandgreatgrandmotherwereallbornatthereserveandstilllivethere.AccordingtotheWorldWildlifeFund,theglobalblackrhinopopulationhasdroppedaslowas5500,givingtherhinosa“criticallyendangered”status.1.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebreedingprogramme?A.Costly. B.Controversial. C.Ambitious. D.Successful.2.WhatdoesPaulBeersayaboutthenew-bornrhino?A.Shelovesstayingwithhermother. B.Shedislikesoutdooractivities.C.Sheisingoodcondition D.Sheissensitivetoheat.3.WhatsimilarexperiencedoSolioandKisimahave?A.TheyhadtheirfirstborninJanuary. B.Theyenjoyedexploringnewplaces.C.Theylivedwiththeirgrandmothers. D.Theywerebroughttothereserveyoung.4.WhatcanbeinferredaboutPortLympneReserve?A.Therhinosectionwillbeopentothepublic.B.Itaimstocontrolthenumberoftheanimals.C.ItwillcontinuetoworkwiththeWorldWildlifeFund.D.Someofitsrhinosmaybesenttotheprotectedwildareas.英語高考復習課件話題11：自然第2課時：題型專練（閱讀理解+讀后續(xù)寫）LearningObjectives:1.理解文章意思；2.了解閱讀理解的命題規(guī)律，并總結答題策略；3.結合三大主題語境，學習五種結尾方式，生動地寫故事的精彩結尾。Part1Practice閱讀理解PortLympneReserve,whichrunsabreeding(繁育)programme,haswelcomedthearrivalofarareblackrhinocalf(犀牛幼崽).WhenthetinycreaturearrivedonJanuary31,shebecamethe40thblackrhinotobebornatthereserve.AndofficialsatPortLympneweredelightedwiththenewarrival,especiallyasblackrhinosareknownforbeingdifficulttobreedincaptivity(圈養(yǎng)).PaulBeer,headofrhinosectionatPortLympne,said:“Obviouslywe'reallabsolutelydelightedtowelcomeanothercalftoourblackrhinofamily.She’shealthy,strongandalreadyeagertoplayandexplore.Hermother,Solio,isafirst-timemumandsheisdoingafantasticjob.It’sstillalittletoocoldforthemtogooutintotheopen,butassoonastheweatherwarmsup,Ihavenodoubtthatthelittleonewillbeoutandaboutexploringandplayingeveryday.”Step1Practice閱讀理解PortLympneReserve,whichrunsabreeding(繁育)programme,haswelcomedthearrivalofarareblackrhinocalf(犀牛幼崽).WhenthetinycreaturearrivedonJanuary31,shebecamethe40thblackrhinotobebornatthereserve.AndofficialsatPortLympneweredelightedwiththenewarrival,especiallyasblackrhinosareknownforbeingdifficulttobreedincaptivity(圈養(yǎng)).PaulBeer,headofrhinosectionatPortLympne,said:“Obviouslywe'reallabsolutelydelightedtowelcomeanothercalftoourblackrhinofamily.She'shealthy,strongandalreadyeagertoplayandexplore.Hermother,Solio,isafirst-timemumandsheisdoingafantasticjob.It'sstillalittletoocoldforthemtogooutintotheopen,butassoonastheweatherwarmsup,Ihavenodoubtthatthelittleonewillbeoutandaboutexploringandplayingeveryday.”

Theadorablefemalecalfisthesecondblackrhinobornthisyearatthereserve,butitistooearlytotellifthecalveswillmakegoodcandidatestobereturnedtoprotectedareasofthewild.ThefirstrhinotobebornatPortLympnearrivedonJanuary5tofirst-timemotherKisimaandweighedabout32kg.Hismother,grandmotherandgreatgrandmotherwereallbornatthereserveandstilllivethere.AccordingtotheWorldWildlifeFund,theglobalblackrhinopopulationhasdroppedaslowas5500,givingtherhinosa“criticallyendangered”status.1.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebreedingprogramme?A.Costly. B.Controversial. C.Ambitious. D.Successful.2.WhatdoesPaulBeersayaboutthenew-bornrhino?A.Shelovesstayingwithhermother. B.Shedislikesoutdooractivities.C.Sheisingoodcondition D.Sheissensitivetoheat.3.WhatsimilarexperiencedoSolioandKisimahave?A.TheyhadtheirfirstborninJanuary. B.TheyenjoyedexploringnewplacesC.Theylivedwiththeirgrandmothers. D.Theywerebroughttothereserveyoung.4.WhatcanbeinferredaboutPortLympneReserve?A.Therhinosectionwillbeopentothepublic.B.Itaimstocontrolthenumberoftheanimals.C.ItwillcontinuetoworkwiththeWorldWildlifeFund.D.Someofitsrhinosmaybesenttotheprotectedwildareas.Part1Practice閱讀理解（2021年全國甲卷英語試題）PortLympneReserve,whichrunsabreeding(繁育)programme,haswelcomedthearrivalofarareblackrhinocalf(犀牛幼崽).WhenthetinycreaturearrivedonJanuary31,shebecamethe40thblackrhinotobebornatthereserve.AndofficialsatPortLympneweredelightedwiththenewarrival,especiallyasblackrhinosareknownforbeingdifficulttobreedincaptivity(圈養(yǎng)).PaulBeer,headofrhinosectionatPortLympne,said:“Obviouslywe'reallabsolutelydelightedtowelcomeanothercalftoourblackrhinofamily.She'shealthy,strongandalreadyeagertoplayandexplore.Hermother,Solio,isafirst-timemumandsheisdoingafantasticjob.It'sstillalittletoocoldforthemtogooutintotheopen,butassoonastheweatherwarmsup,Ihavenodoubtthatthelittleonewillbeoutandaboutexploringandplayingeveryday.”1.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebreedingprogramme?A.Costly. B.Controversial. C.Ambitious. D.Successful.2.WhatdoesPaulBeersayaboutthenew-bornrhino?A.Shelovesstayingwithhermother. B.Shedislikesoutdooractivities.C.Sheisingoodcondition D.Sheissensitivetoheat.ingoodcondition：狀態(tài)很好細節(jié)理解歸納概括語篇研讀語篇類型：說明文主題語境：人與自然語篇話題：本文主要介紹在林姆尼港（PortLympne）保護區(qū)的部分黑犀牛現狀。通過一月剛剛誕生的犀牛幼崽的故事，講述保護區(qū)對保護黑犀牛做出的貢獻和成效。

Theadorablefemalecalfisthesecondblackrhinobornthisyearatthereserve,butitistooearlytotellifthecalveswillmakegoodcandidatestobereturnedtoprotectedareasofthewild.ThefirstrhinotobebornatPortLympnearrivedonJanuary5tofirst-timemotherKisimaandweighedabout32kg.Hismother,grandmotherandgreatgrandmotherwereallbornatthereserveandstilllivethere.AccordingtotheWorldWildlifeFund,theglobalblackrhinopopulationhasdroppedaslowas5500,givingtherhinosa“criticallyendangered”status.3.WhatsimilarexperiencedoSolioandKisimahave?A.TheyhadtheirfirstborninJanuary. B.TheyenjoyedexploringnewplacesC.Theylivedwiththeirgrandmothers. D.Theywerebroughttothereserveyoung.細節(jié)理解4.WhatcanbeinferredaboutPort

LympneReserve?A.Therhinosectionwillbeopentothepublic.B.Itaimstocontrolthenumberoftheanimals.C.ItwillcontinuetoworkwiththeWorldWildlifeFund.D.Someofitsrhinosmaybesenttotheprotectedwildareas.推理判斷wordbankbreeding n.繁育thearrivalof

......的到來captivity n.圈養(yǎng)explore v.探討，探究adorable

adj.可愛的，討人喜歡的；candidate

n.候選人，申請者；weigh

v.稱……的重量；認真考慮，權衡；

weightn.重量，分量，reserve

v.預訂；保留，預留；criticallyendangered

極度瀕危的Step1DifferentEndings1.自然式結尾故事梗概：我的父親文化程度不高，他從14歲起開始工作，他的勞動所得被祖父悉數拿去填補家用。八年級的暑假我去打了工，當得知我的收入也要被拿回家里貼補家用時，我非常不理解，覺得這樣非常不公平……讀后續(xù)寫--精彩結尾Paragraph1:Thepayarrivedatlast.Paragraph2:Iunderstoodimmediatelywhatmyparentswereworriedabout.Ending:Dadnevercomplainedaboutunfairness!Heevenseemedtothinkthatwasfair.Ithought,“I’veonlyworkedfortwoweeks,buthowmanyyearsmyfatherhasworked!”Intheevening,Dadcameback.IproudlytookoutmyownmoneyandhandedittoDad.Summary:自然式結尾是指順著原文思路完成，完成一件事，按自然趨勢結束全文。自然式結尾給人單純明快，水到渠成之感。Part

2讀后續(xù)寫2.呼應式結尾故事梗概：暑假的時候，父親決定帶我去WildWest度假。在那里，我們跟Paul叔叔待在一起，下午的時候，我和爸爸決定外出騎馬，沿途風景迤邐，很快，叔叔的房子就消失在我們的視野范圍里了……讀后續(xù)寫--精彩結尾Beginning:Itwassummer,andmydadwantedtotreatmetoavacationlikeneverbefore.HedecidedtotakemeonatriptotheWildWest.Paragraph1:

Suddenlyalittlerabbitjumpedoutinfrontofmyhorse.Paragraph2:

Wehadnoideawherewewereanditgotdark.Ending:NeverhadIhadsuchathrillingyetdangerousvacationbefore.ThespecialtriptotheWildWestwasdeeplyengravedinmymind.Summary:呼應式結尾是指續(xù)寫文章的結尾與原文開頭互相呼應，使文章的前后邏輯一致，不偏離主題，而且能喚起讀者心理上的共鳴。3.留白式結尾故事梗概：一對雙胞胎想在母親節(jié)的時候給她們的媽媽準備自制的早餐。因為看過媽媽做早餐，雙胞胎信心滿滿。然而，母親節(jié)那一天，在廚房里手忙腳亂之后，理想的早餐并沒有做出來，而此時的廚房，更是一團糟糕……Paragraph1：Asthetwinslookedaroundthemindisappointment,theirfatherappeared.Paragraph2：Thetwinscarriedthebreakfastupstairsandwoketheirmotherup.Ending:...Motherbitintoasandwichandsaiditwasthebestshehadevertasted.Jeffimmediatelywantedtohaveabite.Jennacaughtherfather’seyeandtheywinked(眨眼示意)ateachothersecretly.讀后續(xù)寫--精彩結尾Summary:留白式結尾是指不用邏輯思維的方式直截了當地表述，而是描述一個動作，一個變化，后面部分留白，給讀者留下一個畫面、一片想象的余地，從而達到言有盡而意無窮的效果。4.對話式結尾故事梗概：在兒子出門上大學之后，家里的狗Poppy情緒變得很低落。爸媽非常地擔心。這時，媽媽提議買一只小狗回來陪伴Poppy。很快，爸媽就帶著小狗回來了。隨著箱子里的味道越來越清晰，Poppy的尾巴搖得越來越快……讀后續(xù)寫--精彩結尾Paragraph1:

Dadopenedtheboxandasweetlittledogappeared.Paragraph2：Afewweekslater,theboyarrivedhomefromuniversity.Ending：Suddenly,theboynoticedthelittledog.“Ohmygosh,whoisthis?”Hisparentslaughedatthelookofsurpriseonhisface.“It’sPoppy’snewcompanion,”saidMom.Summary:對話式結尾借對話點明中心或深化主題，語言生動，使結尾更靈動有活力。5.哲理式結尾故事梗概：去年三月，Margarito在拜訪完媽媽之后驅車回家。臨走時，黑云壓城，母親叮囑他小心開車，到家之后要打電話報平安。回去路上，很快就下起了大雨?；丶倚那?，Margarito越開越快。開到一條小溪前，Margarito還沒有察覺到危險的到來。他決定正常開過去，就在這時，他的車陷進了河床之中，湍流的溪水迅速地灌進車里……就在這時，路過的Steve和Mike看到這一幕并迅速開展行動，Steve從他的后尾箱拿出一條繩子，然后……Paragraph1：Next,heturnedtoMikeandyelled,“Givemearock!”Paragraph2：MargaritowasabouttothankSteveandMikewhenthemobilephoneinhispocketrang.Ending:Hangingupthephone,heturnedtoSteveandMikeandsincerelythankedbothofthem.Coldastherainwas,greatwarmthfilledhisheartlikeneverbefore.讀后續(xù)寫--精彩結尾Summary:哲理式結尾以討論作結，也就是在前文敘述的基礎上發(fā)表評論，使文章主旨凸顯。一、精彩結尾句式賞析1.Everytimewementionedthefunnyincidentsofthejourney,apleasantsmilewouldspread

overMom’sface.(動作類)2.Itwasthenarrowescapethatmadethemloveeachotherdeeperthanbefore.(情感類）3.Thatextraordinarymantaughtmeanimportantlifelesson.(哲理類)4.Manyyearshavegoneby,butwhenIlookedbacktothatday,Istillrememberthelessonhetaughtme.(感悟類)5.OnlythendidIrealizethatitwasbraverythatcanconquerwhateverdifficultycameintheway.(哲理類)6.Thatdaywassounforgettablethatitwouldstayinmymemoryforever.(情感類）7.Whatanunforgettableexperience!Itwouldsurelyberememberedinourwholelife.(感悟類)讀后續(xù)寫--精彩結尾Step2PolishingYourEndings1.“自救與他救”主題升華(人與自然)1.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.有志者事竟成。2.Perseveranceprevails.堅持就是勝利。3.Roses

given,

fragrance

in

hand.贈人玫瑰，手有余香。4.Somebodysometimesomewherewillshinealampofhope(希望的燈)foryou.5.Aminoractioncouldmakewonders.讀后續(xù)寫--精彩結尾二、主題升華哲理賞析1.Honestyisthebestpolicy.誠為上策。2.Asmallactofkindnesscanmakeabigdifference.3.Kindnessmakestheworldgoaround.友善讓世界轉動。4.Bethelightthatgiveslighttootherpeople.成為指引人前進的光。讀后續(xù)寫--精彩結尾2.“誠信與友善”主題升華(人與社會)1.Hardshipoftenprepareordinarypeopleforanextraordinarydestiny.2.Whenthegoinggetstough,thetoughgetsgoing.艱難之路，唯勇者行。3.Whatdoesn'tkillyoumakesyouafighter.4.Strugglebuildsupstrength.5.Afallintoapit,againinyourwit.吃一塹,長一智。6.Fearneverbuildsthefuture,buthopedoes.恐懼不會鑄造未來，但是希望可以。讀后續(xù)寫--精彩結尾3.“逆境、成長、希望”主題升華(人與自我)Step3Howework請根據故事梗概及段落提示，為故事描述結尾。詞數：40詞左右。1.自然式結尾練習：故事梗概：我是學校講故事大賽的兩屆冠軍。今年我又作為首選參加了比賽。臨近比賽，老師讓我上臺彩排，我以嗓子疼為由拒絕了，滿心覺得這次比賽手到擒來。比賽當天，我是八號選手，在我前面的兩位選手發(fā)揮得超級精彩，此時，我的信心開始崩塌，我的手心開始冒汗……Paragraph1:Soon,itwasmyturntotalk.Paragraph2:Finally,resultswereannouncedafterthecontest.Ending:_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________讀后續(xù)寫--精彩結尾2.呼應式結尾練習：故事梗概：八月的一個晴朗的下午，我們一家人租