高三英語二輪復習外刊閱讀熱點話題培優(yōu)練6：歷史與文化

外刊閱讀熱點話題培優(yōu)練6歷史與文化Ⅰ.閱讀理解TheUbang(烏邦)communityhasaninterestingformofcommunicationthatisvirtuallyinfluencedbygender.Themanhasalanguage(Ofe)thatisentirelydifferentfromthatspokenbywomen(Araseke)anditisunlawfulforeithersextospeakthelanguagenotassignedbytheirancestors.Infact,suchpeopleareconsideredanabnormalityinthecommunityifthathappens.Regardless,theyunderstandthemselvesclearly.OliverIbang,acommunityleader,says,“Ifyouareamalespeakingthefemalelanguage,theywilladdressyouasanabnormalchild.”Astheyarenaturallybilingual(雙語的),theyuseagenerallanguagecalled“mete”forcommunicating,especiallyinpublicplaces.Asalanguageculturedifferentfromothercommunication,allthechildrenfirstlearnthelanguageofthewomen.OnlyatthistimeisitacceptableforthemalestospeakthelanguageoffemalesintheUbangcommunity.Then,attheageoften,youngUbangmalesareexpectedtogiveupthewomen’slanguageandspeakOfe.ChichiUndie,ananthropologist(人類學家),studyingthelanguagepatternbetweenmenandwomensays,“Therearealotofwordsthatmenandwomenshareincommonandthenthereareotherswhicharetotallydifferentdependingontheirsexes.Theydon’tsoundalike,theydon’thavethesameletters,theyarecompletelydifferentwords.”TheUbanglanguagehasbeensustainedbyoraltraditionforseveralyears，lackinggreatlyindocumentation，andlikemanylanguagesthatareendangered，canleadtothelossofidentityandculture.Nevertheless，thecommunityisnotthreatenedbytheextinctionoftheirlanguage.ChiefOliverIbangsays，“Ifthelanguagedies，thatmeansthatthepeopleofUbangnolongerexist.”Stretchingtheuseoflanguageasanidentity，theuniquenessofUbanglanguageisaphenomenonthatisinterestingatitsbestandformsthecorerichnessofthepeople.1.WhatisspecialabouttheUbanglanguage?A.Itisaccessibletowomenonly.B.Genderhasanimpactonitsuse.C.Itispasseddownbytheancestors.D.Itisnotwidelyusedinthecommunity.2.WhatcanwelearnfromChichiUndie’swords?A.Menandwomenhavealotincommon.B.Menandwomenuselanguagesintotallydifferentways.C.Therearecommonalitiesanddifferencesbetweenbothgenders’languages.D.Thedevelopmentofthelanguageisthreatenedbygenderdifferences.3.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph4?A.UbanglanguageisvitaltotheUbangcommunity.B.Manylanguagesdiedbecauseoflackoforaltradition.C.Ubanglanguageisontheedgeofextinction.D.Culturelosscausestheextinctionofalanguage.4.Whatistheauthor’spurposeofwritingthetext?A.Torevealauniquelanguageculture.B.ToargueusintoprotectingUbangculture.C.TosolvethemysteryoftheUbangcommunity.D.Toprovethediversityofworldculture.InGrytvikenintheSouthAtlanticliestheSouthGeorgiaMuseum,oneofthemostremotemuseumsintheworld.SouthGeorgiaMuseumislocatedinGrytviken’soldwhalingstation.Whaling,orthehuntingofwhalesfortheirusablenaturalproducts,suchasmeatandoil，ceasedtherein1964.Thebuildingthatnowhousesthemuseumonceservedasthewhalingmanager’shomeandofficeandwasleftunusedforover20yearsbeforeitopenedtothepublicasamuseumin1992.TherearenopassengerflightstoorfromGrytviken，sothemajorityofvisitorsarriveonaship.Theislanditselfonlyseesabout10，000visitorsayearandtherearenopermanentresidents,onlyagroupof20scientists，maintenancestaff,andmuseumworkerswhobravetheisland’scoldweatherconditions.Travelingtothemuseumrequiresadvanceplanning.SouthGeorgiaMuseumstaffalltraveltotheislandfromabroadforthesouthernhemisphere(半球)spring,ormid－October,andmostcomefromtheUnitedKingdom,around8，000milesnorth.Themuseum,whichoffersfreeadmission,“aimstomakethishistoryandheritageaccessiblebothtothevisitingpublicandtothoseunabletovisitthisremoteregionthrougheducation,exhibitionsandoutreach”，accordingtoitswebsite.Ithousesanaturalhistorycollection,artifacts,exhibitionsrelatedtotheearlyhistoryofsealingandwhalingaswellasAntarcticexplorerSirErnestShackleton,andmore.Themuseumroomsarenamedafterindividualswhocontributedtothegrowthorconservationoftheislandinsomeway.ThetemperatureisidealforvisitorsfromOctoberthroughDecember,butstill,daytimehighsdon’toftenreachabove40degreesFahrenheit.Forthosewhoworkthere,Internetaccessispatchyandfreshfoodoptionsarerare.It’snotaplaceforeveryone,butforthestaffthatcallithomeforpartsoftheyear,it’sauniqueformofparadise.“Steppingawayfromtheworldhasbeenatreat，”saidPierce,oneofthestaff.5.WhatcanwelearnabouttheSouthGeorgiaMuseum?A.Itisaccessibletovisitorsbyair.B.Itopenedtothepublicin1964.C.Ithas20maintenanceworkers.D.Itusedtobeawhalingstation.6.Whoaretheroomsofthemuseumnamedafter?A.Managersofthewhalingstation.B.AdventurersexploringtheAntarctic.C.Thosewhomadecontributionstotheisland.D.Individualswhoconservedwhalesfromextinction.7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“patchy”meaninthelastparagraph?A.Poor. B.Easy.C.Free. D.Quick.8.Inwhichcolumnofawebsitecanwefindthistext?A.Animals. B.People.C.Travel. D.News.Ⅱ.完形填空Onthenightofthespeechcontest，Iwasworriedabouttheshygirl.Myheart__1__whenIknewtheboyonstageprevioustoher,__2__，wasfairlysuccessfulwithhishumorandpersonalstyle.Thewholeaudienceburstoutawaveof__3__almostevery30seconds.Mypalms(手掌)beganto__4__.Itwasthefirsttimethatshehadbeenonthestage,soIcouldn’tblameherforany__5__.Thestrongspotlightmadehersoinsignificantthatnobody__6__shehadbeenonthestage.Butthemomentthat__7__meoccurred.Iclearlyhearda__8__voice,“Now,your__9__，please！”Thewholeaudiencefellquiet.Smallandthinasthegirlappeared,the__10__lookonherfaceinstantlycaughteveryone’seyes.Thenherspeechwason,logicalandwell－organized.Wordsofpower__11__freelyoutofthegirllikemagic.Whenherspeech__12__，athunderousapplausesoundedfromtheaudience.Whenthecompetitionwasconcluding,allofuswaited__13__forthewinner’snametobecalled.Tearsofjoy__14__myvisionwhenthehostannouncedshewonfirstprize.Holdingthemedaltightly,shegavemeabrilliantsmile.I__15__herintomyarms,tooexcitedtosayanywords.1.A.beat B.sankC.lost D.broke2.A.sureenough B.worsestillC.aboveall D.inaddition3.A.crying B.warningC.clapping D.screaming4.A.sweat B.trembleC.change D.turn5.A.try B.poseC.guess D.slip6.A.thought B.admittedC.ignored D.noticed7.A.confused B.interestedC.surprised D.challenged8.A.loud B.weakC.tight D.low9.A.support B.attentionC.vote D.silence10.A.determined B.puzzledC.relaxed D.bored11.A.crowded B.hurriedC.bounced D.flowed12.A.started B.endedC.progressed D.rested13.A.sincerely B.easilyC.wildly D.eagerly14.A.misted B.hidC.prevented D.shaded15.A.pushed B.threwC.pulled D.liftedA篇Para.1：assignv.指定，指派；分配abnormalityn.反常；(身體、行為等)不正常Para.4：sustainv.維持；使保持，支持；遭受，支撐documentationn.文件記載；文獻記錄；歸檔Para.5：uniquenessn.獨特性，唯一性B篇Para.2：ceasev.終止，(使)停止，結束house常用義：n.房子文章義：v.給……提供住房；給……提供場地Para.3：permanentadj.永久的；永恒的；長久的brave常用義：adj.勇敢的文章義：v.勇敢面對；冒(風險)；經受(困難)Para.4：admissionn.進入許可，加入許可，進入；承認；門票價格accessibleadj.可到達的，可接近的，可進入的，可使用的，可見到的；容易理解的，易懂的Para.5：uniqueadj.獨一無二的，獨特的；獨具的，特有的參考答案Ⅰ.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章主要講述了烏邦獨特的語言文化，這種獨特的語言文化于烏邦人民而言十分寶貴，也是一種身份象征。1.B[細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段中的“TheUbang(烏邦)communityhasaninterestingformof...thatspokenbywomen(Araseke)...”可知，烏邦社區(qū)有一種有趣的交流方式，這種交流方式實際上受性別的影響。男性的語言與女性的語言完全不同。由此可知，烏邦語言的特別之處在于性別對語言使用有影響。]2.C[推理判斷題。根據ChichiUndie在第三段中所說的話“Therearealotofworksthatmenandwomen...theyarecompletelydifferentwords.”可知，男性和女性有很多詞是共用的，還有一些詞則因為性別的不同而完全不同。它們的發(fā)音不一樣，字母也不一樣，它們是完全不同的單詞。由此可知，男性和女性的語言既有共同之處，也有差異。]3.A[推理判斷題。根據第四段的第一句話“TheUbanglanguagehasbeensustainedbyoraltraditionforseveralyears...”可知，烏邦語言多年來一直是通過口述形式流傳，結合本段最后一句酋長OliverIbang所說的話“Ifthelanguagedies,thatmeansthatthepeopleofUbangnolongerexist.(如果這種語言消亡了，那就意味著烏邦人不復存在了。)”可知，烏邦語對烏邦社區(qū)而言十分重要。]4.A[寫作意圖題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段第一句和第二段第一句，以及最后一段中的theuniquenessofUbanglanguageis...thecorerichnessofthepeople可知，整篇文章都是圍繞烏邦社區(qū)的交流形式展開討論，并反映出其獨特的語言文化。]【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。該文介紹了南喬治亞博物館，就博物館所處的地理位置、氣候、開放目的以及工作人員的生活等進行了介紹。5.D[細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段中的“SouthGeorgiaMuseumislocatedinGrytviken’soldwhalingstation”和“Thebuildingthatnow...forover20years”可知，南喬治亞博物館過去曾經是捕鯨站。]6.C[細節(jié)理解題。根據倒數第二段最后一句話“Themuseumroomsarenamedafter...insomeway”可知，博物館的各個房間都是以在某種程度上為該島的發(fā)展或保護做出貢獻的個人命名的。]7.A[詞義猜測題。畫線詞所在句中的and連接兩個句子，and后面的“freshfoodoptionsarerare”指的是可選擇的新鮮食物很少。由此并結合語境可知，and前的那句話應該表示互聯網的接入不好。]8.C[文章出處題。通讀全文可知，該篇文章介紹了南喬治亞博物館，對其所處的位置、氣候以及開放目的等進行了說明，旨在吸引更多游客前來參觀，故可知，我們可以在網站的旅游欄目看到此篇文章。]Ⅱ.【語篇解讀】本文是記敘文。害羞的女孩第一次上臺參加演講比賽，作者非常擔心，但結果令他非常震驚，女孩非常堅定并表演成功，獲得勝利，讓作者感到非常激動。1.B[根據上文的“Onthenightof...theshygirl.”和下文的“whenIknewtheboy...personalstyle”可知，作者很擔心女孩，所以此處表示作者的心沉了下去。beat“跳動”；sink“下沉”；lose“丟失”；break“弄壞”。]2.A[根據下文的“wasfairlysuccessfulwithhishumorandpersonalstyle”可知，男孩的演講果真優(yōu)秀。sureenough“果然，果真”；worsestill“更糟糕的是”；aboveall“最重要的是”；inaddition“此外”。]3.C[根據上文的“whenIknew...andpersonalstyle”可知，男孩演講很精彩，聽眾總是鼓掌。此處表示全場幾乎每隔30秒就爆發(fā)出一陣掌聲。]4.A[根據下文的“Itwasthefirsttime...onthestage”可知，女孩第一次上臺作者很擔心，所以手掌開始出汗。]5.D[根據上文的“Itwasthefirsttimethatshehadbeenonthestage”可知，這是她的第一次登臺，所以作者不能因為任何差錯責怪她。slip在此作名詞，意為“差錯”，屬于熟詞生義。try“嘗試”；pose“姿勢”；guess“猜測”。]6.D