【高二 拓展閱讀-生命科學(xué)】Body Buddies-Microbes

BodyBuddies--MicrobesTrytocountallthelivingthingsyoucansee.Youmightspotpeople,trees,grass,birds,orinsects.Butdidyouknowthatmostofthelifearoundyoucan’tbeseen?That’sbecausemostlivingthingsaremicrobes:tinyorganismsthatareinvisiblewithoutamicroscope.Microbesliveeverywhere.They’reinthewateryoudrink,thefoodyoueat,andtheairyoubreathe.Rightnow,therearetrillionsofmicrobesinyourbellyandonyourskin!Thesemicrobeslive,feed,andreproduceinandonyourbody.Butdon'tworry!Mostofthesemicrobesaren’t“germs”.Theydon'tmakeyousick.Someofthemactuallyhelpkeepyouhealthy.ManyHomesforManyMicrobesManykindsofmicrobesliveinyourbody:therearefungiandviruses,butmostarebacteria.Anddifferenttypesliveondifferentpartsofyourbody.Ineverypart,differenttypesofmicrobesfindtheshelter,moisture,andothernutrientstheyneedtogrow.Thisishappeningalloveryourbody:auniquegroupofmicrobeslivesineachpartofyourgutyourmouth,andevenyourbrain.BodyBuddiesWhenyoushakesomeone'shandorgrabadoorknob（球形門把手），harmfulmicrobes，calledpathogens（病原體），mightgrabontoyou.Fortunately，thehelpfulbacteriathatliveonyourhandscanusuallyfightthemoff.Butusinghandsanitizer（消毒殺菌劑）canwipeoutenoughofthehelpfulbacteriathattheharmfulhaveabetterchanceoftakingover.Soit，'sbettertowashyourhandswithsoapandwater，whichwillsweepawaymostpathogens.Someofyourhelpfulbacteriawillbesweptawaytoo，butwillsoongrowbackwheretheybelonginthepalmofyourhand.Microbesarehardatworkinotherpartsofyourbodytoo.Theyhelpprotectyoufrompathogens，andalsohelpyoudigestfood，makevitamins，andevenhelpyourbrainwork！That’swhyweneedtobecarefulwhenweuseantibiotics.Antibioticsareimportantmedicinesbecausetheycankilldangerouspathogens.ButtheycanalsokillthehelpfulmicrobesinourbodiesYouareanecosystem！You’veprobablyheardofecosystemslikeforestsandprairies.Infact，together，yourbodyandyourmicrobiome（微生物群系）makeupanamazingecosystem.Yourbodyprovidestheenvironmentforthetrillionsofmicrobeslivinginsideyou.Andinreturn，theykeepyourbody'ssystemsworkingliketheyshould.ReadingComprehensionChoosethecorrectanswerforeachquestion.1.Whatisamicrobe?A.Ascientistwhostudiesthingsthataretoosmalltobeseenbythehumaneye.B.Atoolusedtoseelivingthingsthataretoosmalltobeseenbythehumaneye.C.Atypeofmedicineyoucanusetokillbacteriainyourbody.D.Atinyorganismthatisinvisiblewithoutamicroscope.2.Whatcanwelearnfromthepart“ManyHomesforManyMicrobes”?APeopleandmicrobesliveindifferentenvironments.B.Differentpeoplehavedifferentkindsofmicrobes.C.Differentkindsofmicrobeshelpdifferentpartsofyourbody.D.Differentpartsofyourbodyhavedifferentkindsoflivingmicrobes.3.WhatconclusioncanyoudrawaboutmicrobesinyourbodybasedonParagraph5?A.Differenttypesofmicrobeshelpyourbodyindifferentways.B.Antibioticsshouldbebannedfrommedicaltreatment.C.Microbesthatliveinyourgutaremorehelpfulthanthoseinyourmouth.D.Themicrobesineachpartofyourbodyareverysimilartoeachother.4.Basedonthetext，howcanwedescribetherelationshipbetweenbodyandthemicrobes？A.Microbesareusuallybadforyourphysicalhealth.B.Theydonotaffecteachotherinanyway.C.Microbesliveinyourbodyandareimportanttoyourhealth.D.Yourbody'shealthisnotimportanttomicrobeslivinginit5.Whymighttheauthorusethephrase“BodyBuddies”asthetitle？A.Tosuggestthatmicrobesarebetterfriendsthanpeople.B.Toshowthatmicrobescollaboratewitheachotheronhelpingyourbody.C.Tosuggestthatmicrobesaregoodforyourbody.D.Toshowthatmicrobesarefriendlyorganisms.Vocabulary基礎(chǔ)詞spot v.看見；發(fā)現(xiàn)；認(rèn)出n.斑點(diǎn)；污點(diǎn)；（某事發(fā)生的）地點(diǎn)；場所英toseeornoticesb/sth，especiallysuddenlyorwhenitisnoteasytodoso例ChickWebbspottedherinanamateurcompetitionwhenshewassixteen.在她16歲參加一次業(yè)余競賽時(shí)，奇克·韋伯發(fā)現(xiàn)了她。搭spotmistakes發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤onthespot當(dāng)場；在現(xiàn)場insect n.昆蟲記詞根記憶：in+sect（切割）→昆蟲是節(jié)肢動(dòng)物→昆蟲organism n.有機(jī)體；生物體；微生物英asystemconsistingofpartsthatdependoneachother；alivingthingespeciallyonethatisextremelysmall記詞根記憶：organ（器官）+ism（表名詞）→有機(jī)體invisible adj.看不見的；無形的記詞根記憶：in（不）+s（看見）+ible（可…的）看不見的microscope n.顯微鏡記詞根記憶：micro（微）+scope（看）→用來看微小東西的工具→·顯微鏡reproduce v.繁殖；復(fù)制；再現(xiàn)的形象或聲音記聯(lián)想記憶：re（再）+produce（生產(chǎn)）不斷生產(chǎn)→繁殖；復(fù)制virus n.病毒記詞根記憶：vir（毒藥）+us→病毒搭unknownvirus未知病毒AIDSvirus艾滋病毒bacteria n.（bacterium的復(fù)數(shù)形式）細(xì)菌記聯(lián)想記憶：bac（看作back，背后）+ter+ia（?。偸峭低担ㄔ诒澈螅┳屓说貌〉臇|西→細(xì)菌搭helpfulbacteria有益的細(xì)菌pam n.手掌；棕櫚樹記聯(lián)想記憶：她手心（am）出汗，內(nèi)心很不平靜（calm）digest v.消化n.摘要；文摘記詞根記憶：d（分開）+gest（帶來）→帶下去→消化例Susancan’tdigestmilkproducts.蘇珊消化不了奶制品。Vocabulary進(jìn)階詞microbe n.微生物記詞根記憶：mcro（微小的）+be（=bo，生命）微生物搭soilmicrobes土壤微生物germ n.微生物，細(xì)菌；起源，萌芽英averysmalllivingthingthatcancauseinfectionanddisease本身是詞根，意為“種子”→如種子般滋生繁衍→細(xì)菌fungi n.（fungus的復(fù)數(shù)形式）真菌記發(fā)音記憶：“房蓋”→真菌的形狀像房蓋→真菌nutrient n.滋養(yǎng)物，營養(yǎng)品記詞根記憶：nutri（滋養(yǎng)）+ent（表名詞）→滋養(yǎng)物unique adj.唯一的，獨(dú)一無二的；特有的；極不尋常的，極好的英beingtheonlyoneofitskind記詞根記憶：un（單一）+que（有…特點(diǎn)的）→唯一的搭uniqueenvironment獨(dú)特環(huán)境uniquecopy珍本，孤本sweep v.掃去，清除；席卷，橫掃；打掃；揮動(dòng)，舞動(dòng)；迅速傳播；掃視n.打掃；廣度；（手臂等的）揮動(dòng)例Rumoursofh