【高二 拓展閱讀-生命科學】Body Buddies-Microbes

BodyBuddies--MicrobesTrytocountallthelivingthingsyoucansee.Youmightspotpeople,trees,grass,birds,orinsects.Butdidyouknowthatmostofthelifearoundyoucan’tbeseen?That’sbecausemostlivingthingsaremicrobes:tinyorganismsthatareinvisiblewithoutamicroscope.Microbesliveeverywhere.They’reinthewateryoudrink,thefoodyoueat,andtheairyoubreathe.Rightnow,therearetrillionsofmicrobesinyourbellyandonyourskin!Thesemicrobeslive,feed,andreproduceinandonyourbody.Butdon'tworry!Mostofthesemicrobesaren’t“germs”.Theydon'tmakeyousick.Someofthemactuallyhelpkeepyouhealthy.ManyHomesforManyMicrobesManykindsofmicrobesliveinyourbody:therearefungiandviruses,butmostarebacteria.Anddifferenttypesliveondifferentpartsofyourbody.Ineverypart,differenttypesofmicrobesfindtheshelter,moisture,andothernutrientstheyneedtogrow.Thisishappeningalloveryourbody:auniquegroupofmicrobeslivesineachpartofyourgutyourmouth,andevenyourbrain.BodyBuddiesWhenyoushakesomeone'shandorgrabadoorknob（球形門把手），harmfulmicrobes，calledpathogens（病原體），mightgrabontoyou.Fortunately，thehelpfulbacteriathatliveonyourhandscanusuallyfightthemoff.Butusinghandsanitizer（消毒殺菌劑）canwipeoutenoughofthehelpfulbacteriathattheharmfulhaveabetterchanceoftakingover.Soit，'sbettertowashyourhandswithsoapandwater，whichwillsweepawaymostpathogens.Someofyourhelpfulbacteriawillbesweptawaytoo，butwillsoongrowbackwheretheybelonginthepalmofyourhand.Microbesarehardatworkinotherpartsofyourbodytoo.Theyhelpprotectyoufrompathogens，andalsohelpyoudigestfood，makevitamins，andevenhelpyourbrainwork！That’swhyweneedtobecarefulwhenweuseantibiotics.Antibioticsareimportantmedicinesbecausetheycankilldangerouspathogens.ButtheycanalsokillthehelpfulmicrobesinourbodiesYouareanecosystem！You’veprobablyheardofecosystemslikeforestsandprairies.Infact，together，yourbodyandyourmicrobiome（微生物群系）makeupanamazingecosystem.Yourbodyprovidestheenvironmentforthetrillionsofmicrobeslivinginsideyou.Andinreturn，theykeepyourbody'ssystemsworkingliketheyshould.ReadingComprehensionChoosethecorrectanswerforeachquestion.1.Whatisamicrobe?A.Ascientistwhostudiesthingsthataretoosmalltobeseenbythehumaneye.B.Atoolusedtoseelivingthingsthataretoosmalltobeseenbythehumaneye.C.Atypeofmedicineyoucanusetokillbacteriainyourbody.D.Atinyorganismthatisinvisiblewithoutamicroscope.2.Whatcanwelearnfromthepart“ManyHomesforManyMicrobes”?APeopleandmicrobesliveindifferentenvironments.B.Differentpeoplehavedifferentkindsofmicrobes.C.Differentkindsofmicrobeshelpdifferentpartsofyourbody.D.Differentpartsofyourbodyhavedifferentkindsoflivingmicrobes.3.WhatconclusioncanyoudrawaboutmicrobesinyourbodybasedonParagraph5?A.Differenttypesofmicrobeshelpyourbodyindifferentways.B.Antibioticsshouldbebannedfrommedicaltreatment.C.Microbesthatliveinyourgutaremorehelpfulthanthoseinyourmouth.D.Themicrobesineachpartofyourbodyareverysimilartoeachother.4.Basedonthetext，howcanwedescribetherelationshipbetweenbodyandthemicrobes？A.Microbesareusuallybadforyourphysicalhealth.B.Theydonotaffecteachotherinanyway.C.Microbesliveinyourbodyandareimportanttoyourhealth.D.Yourbody'shealthisnotimportanttomicrobeslivinginit5.Whymighttheauthorusethephrase“BodyBuddies”asthetitle？A.Tosuggestthatmicrobesarebetterfriendsthanpeople.B.Toshowthatmicrobescollaboratewitheachotheronhelpingyourbody.C.Tosuggestthatmicrobesaregoodforyourbody.D.Toshowthatmicrobesarefriendlyorganisms.Vocabulary基礎詞spot v.看見；發(fā)現(xiàn)；認出n.斑點；污點；（某事發(fā)生的）地點；場所英toseeornoticesb/sth，especiallysuddenlyorwhenitisnoteasytodoso例ChickWebbspottedherinanamateurcompetitionwhenshewassixteen.在她16歲參加一次業(yè)余競賽時，奇克·韋伯發(fā)現(xiàn)了她。搭spotmistakes發(fā)現(xiàn)錯誤onthespot當場；在現(xiàn)場insect n.昆蟲記詞根記憶：in+sect（切割）→昆蟲是節(jié)肢動物→昆蟲organism n.有機體；生物體；微生物英asystemconsistingofpartsthatdependoneachother；alivingthingespeciallyonethatisextremelysmall記詞根記憶：organ（器官）+ism（表名詞）→有機體invisible adj.看不見的；無形的記詞根記憶：in（不）+s（看見）+ible（可…的）看不見的microscope n.顯微鏡記詞根記憶：micro（微）+scope（看）→用來看微小東西的工具→·顯微鏡reproduce v.繁殖；復制；再現(xiàn)的形象或聲音記聯(lián)想記憶：re（再）+produce（生產）不斷生產→繁殖；復制virus n.病毒記詞根記憶：vir（毒藥）+us→病毒搭unknownvirus未知病毒AIDSvirus艾滋病毒bacteria n.（bacterium的復數(shù)形式）細菌記聯(lián)想記憶：bac（看作back，背后）+ter+ia（病）→總是偷偷（在背后）讓人得病的東西→細菌搭helpfulbacteria有益的細菌pam n.手掌；棕櫚樹記聯(lián)想記憶：她手心（am）出汗，內心很不平靜（calm）digest v.消化n.摘要；文摘記詞根記憶：d（分開）+gest（帶來）→帶下去→消化例Susancan’tdigestmilkproducts.蘇珊消化不了奶制品。Vocabulary進階詞microbe n.微生物記詞根記憶：mcro（微小的）+be（=bo，生命）微生物搭soilmicrobes土壤微生物germ n.微生物，細菌；起源，萌芽英averysmalllivingthingthatcancauseinfectionanddisease本身是詞根，意為“種子”→如種子般滋生繁衍→細菌fungi n.（fungus的復數(shù)形式）真菌記發(fā)音記憶：“房蓋”→真菌的形狀像房蓋→真菌nutrient n.滋養(yǎng)物，營養(yǎng)品記詞根記憶：nutri（滋養(yǎng)）+ent（表名詞）→滋養(yǎng)物unique adj.唯一的，獨一無二的；特有的；極不尋常的，極好的英beingtheonlyoneofitskind記詞根記憶：un（單一）+que（有…特點的）→唯一的搭uniqueenvironment獨特環(huán)境uniquecopy珍本，孤本sweep v.掃去，清除；席卷，橫掃；打掃；揮動，舞動；迅速傳播；掃視n.打掃；廣度；（手臂等的）揮動例Rumoursofh