【高二 拓展閱讀-科技】Biomass Energy

BiomassEnergyBiomasssoundslikeacomplicatedword,butitreallyisn't.Biomassisjustanymaterialmadebyplantsandanimalsthatwecanconvertintoenergy.Biomasshasenergystoredinitfromthesun.Plantsgetenergyfromthesunthroughphotosynthesis.Animalsgettheirenergyindirectlyfromthesunbyeatingplants.Biomassenergyisconsideredarenewableenergysourcebecausewecanalwaysgrowmoreplantsandtrees.Itisnotaninfiniteresource,however,asthereisonlysomuchlandandwatertogrowplants.MainTypesofBiomassEnergyBiomassenergycomesinmanyshapesandforms.ThemajorityofbiomassenergyintheUnitedStatescomesfromwood.Otherpopularformsofbiomassincludecropssuchascorn,manure,andevengarbage.HowDoWeGetPowerfrombiomass??Burning--Onewaytoreleasetheenergyfrombiomassistoburnit.Theheatfromburningbiomasscanbeusedtoheathomesortocreatesteamwhichcanthengenerateelectricity.Oneexampleofthisisburningafireinyourhome.?Methanegas--Whenbiomassrots,itproducesmethanegasMethanegascanbeusedtomakenaturalgaswhichisacommonsourceofenergy.Thismeansthatwhengarbagerotsinlandfills，thatstinky（有臭味的）gascanbeusedforenergy！?Biofuels--Somecrops，likecornandsugarcane，canbeconvertedintoabiofuelcalledethanol（乙醇）.Ethanolcanbeusedinsteadofgasolineinmanycars.Anothertypeofbiofuelisbiodiesel（生物柴油）.Biodieselcanbemadefromvegetableoilsandanimalfats.Biodieselcanbeusedasheatingoilandalsotopowercarsandbuses.ArethereAnyDrawbackstoBiomassEnergy？Someofthenegativestousingbiomassenergyinclude:?Airpollutionfromburning.?Releasinggreenhousegasessuchascarbondioxideintotheatmosphere.?Burningtrashandwastecanreleaseharmfulchemicalsandgasesintotheenvironment.FunFactsaboutBiomassEnergy?Themethanegasfromcowmanurecanbeusedtocreateenergy.?MostofthegasolinesoldintheUnitedStatescontainssomeethanol.?Garbageisburnedforenergyaswell.Thisnotonlymakesuseoftrashforenergy，butreducestheamountoftrashthatgoesintolandfills.ThisprocessiscalledWaste-to-Energy.?Farmerscreateenergyfromanimalmanureusingtankscalleddigesters.?Thedigestersproducebiogas，whichcanbeusedtogenerateelectricity.Themainingredientneededforethanolissugars.Thesesugarsarefoundinplantssuchascorn,rice,sugarcane,barley,switchgrass,andevengrassclippings（剪下物）.?BiodieselisthefastestgrowingalternativefuelintheUnitedStatesReadingComprehensionChoosethecorrectanswerforeachquestion.1.WhatcanwelearnaboutBiomassfromthisarticle?A.Itgetsenergyfromthesunthroughphotosynthesis.B.Itreferstoplantsthatcannotbeconvertedintoenergy.C.Itisaninfiniteresource.D.Itisarenewableenergysource.2.WheredoesmostofthebiomassenergyintheUScomefrom?A.Corn.B.Garbage.C.Vegetable.D.Wood.3.Whatisproducedwhengarbagerots?A.Carbondioxide.B.Oxygen.C.Methanegas.D.Hydrogen.4.Whichofthefollowingcanbemadefromcornorsugarcane?A.Gasoline.B.Diesel.C.Ethanol.D.Naturalgas.5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTadrawbacktousingbiomassenergy?A.Burningbiomassgeneratesairpollution.B.Somebiofuelsreleasegreenhousegaseslikecarbondioxide.C.Burningtrashandwastecanreleaseharmfulchemicals.D.Therottingbiomassproducesastinkygas.Vocabulary基礎(chǔ)詞complicated adj.復(fù)雜的；難懂的英involvingalotofdifferentpartsinawaythatisdifficulttounderstand記詞根記憶：com（表加強(qiáng)）+plic（重疊）+ated→重疊在一起的→復(fù)雜的搭acomplicatedsituation復(fù)雜的形勢(shì)steam n.蒸汽；水汽v.蒸，蒸發(fā)記聯(lián)想記憶：水汽（steam）匯聚成溪流（stream）搭runoutofsteam精疲力盡；喪失熱情generate v.產(chǎn)生；引起英toproduceorcreatesth記詞根記憶：gener（產(chǎn)生）+ate（使…）→產(chǎn)生（電）搭generateelectricity發(fā)電rot n.腐爛，變質(zhì)；（細(xì)菌引起的）腐敗病，腐蝕病v.腐爛例Thebeamshadrottedaway.橫梁已經(jīng)腐爛了。landfill n.垃圾填埋地；垃圾填埋法英anareainwhichverylargeamountsofrubbishareburied；gettingridoflargeamountsofrubbishbyburying記組合詞：land（地）+fill（填充）→垃圾填埋地搭alandfillsite垃圾填埋地atmosphere n.大氣；空氣；大氣層；氣氛記詞根記憶：atmo（氣）+sphere（球體）→圍繞地球的空氣→大氣alternative adj.替換的；供選擇的記詞根記憶：altern（其他的）+ative（…的）→有其他的供選擇→替換的；供選擇的搭alternativeenergy可替代能源Vocabulary進(jìn)階詞biomass n.生物量；有機(jī)燃料英deadplantandanimalmaterialsuitableforusingasfuel搭biomassenergy生物能finite adj.無限的英verygreat；impossibletomeasureanursewithinfinitepatience無比耐心的護(hù)士manure n.肥料；糞肥搭abagofmanure一袋肥料methane n.甲烷；沼氣英acolourlessgaswithoutasmell，whichisoftenusedasafuel搭methanegas沼氣methaneice甲烷冰trash n.垃圾；無價(jià)值之物；拙劣的文學(xué)（或藝術(shù)）作品；沒用的人ⅵ.搗毀，破壞英thingsthatyouthrowawaybecausetheyarenolongeruseful記聯(lián)想記憶：tr+ash（灰）→像灰塵一樣微不足道→廢物；垃圾搭trashcan垃圾桶chemical adj.化學(xué)的；用化學(xué)方法制造的；化學(xué)作用的n.化學(xué)制品；化合物搭chemicalreaction化學(xué)反應(yīng)chemicalagent化學(xué)試