全球聚變行業(yè)報(bào)告2023-英

The

global

fusionindustry

in

2023Fusion

Companies

Sur

vey

by

theFusion

Industry

AssociationThe

global

fusion

industry

in

20231FOREWORDInDecemberof2022,

forthe

?rst

timeeveronearth,

a

controlled

fusionreaction

released

more

energy

thanwentintoit.When

the

NationalIgnitionFacility

atLawrence

Livermore

NationalLaboratory

inCalifornia?reditslasers,

providing

abouttwo

megajoulesofenergy

ontoa

tinytarget,

itreleased

overthree

megajoulesinresponse.

Withthis“Wright

brothers’

moment,”scientistsshowed

thatfusionenergy

production

waspossible.Inthisthird

annualreport

onthe

stateofthe

globalfusionenergy

industry,

the

FIAwillshow

how

investors

–

andincreasingly

governments–

arebetting

thatthe

timescaletocommercial

fusionenergy

isaccelerating.

That

isgoodnews–

the

fasterwecanbringfusiontomarket,

the

greater

itsimpactforbusiness,energy

security,

theclimate,andevenglobalgeopolitics.Fusion

Companies

Aiming

for

Fusion

in

the

Next

Decade

–

or

SoonerInthisreport,

25

companiesthinkthe

?rst

fusionplantwilldeliverelectricity

tothe

gridbefore

2035.

This

isupfrom

18

lastyear,partly

duetoa

higher

survey

response

rate.

Companiesare

increasingly

con?dentofmeetingtheir

ambitiousgoals.That

willrequire

focusonmid-termmilestones,embracing

riskandparallel

pathways,newpartnerships,

and(crucially)more

resources.

Butevenaswewrite,multiplecompaniesare

building

“proofofconcept”machinesthatwillprove

fusionasa

viableenergy

source.A

fusionindustry

willbeimportantwhenever

itcomes,butthe

soonerithappens,the

sooneritcanaddress

the

world’s

energy

challenges.Broad-Based

Increases

in

InvestmentThe

headline

numberforthisreport

isthatthe

fusionindustry

hasnowattractedover$6billionininvestment,$1.4

billionmore

thanwereported

lastyear,andthe

report

shows

27

companiesincrease

their

funding

levelsthisyear.

Although

thisislessgrowth

thanlastyear’s

report,

totalfusioninvestmentgrew

by27%

ina

periodwhere

fears

ofin?ation,interest

rate

increases,

andevenbankfailures

ledtechnologyinvestors

tohold

ontotheirmoney.However,unlike

the

2022

report,

wherea

fewblockbusterannouncementsaddedupto$2.8billioninnewfunding,

the

newfunding

inthisreport

primarilywentinsmalleramountstoearly-stage

companies.We

areonlyabletodocumenttwo

increases

ofover$100

million–

TAE

Technologies

inCaliforniaandENNinChina.There

were

alsopress

reports

abouta

signi?cantcapitalraise

inChina,larger

thananyother

announcedthisyear,butwecouldnotverify

details,soitisnotincludedinthisreport.Although

the

continuedgrowth

isnotable,the

lackofblockbusterinvestmentsmatches

anecdotalevidenceheard

acrossindustry:

the

investmentenvironment

ischallenging.Andbecausefusionisa

capital-intensiveendeavour,companieswillneedtoscale-up

investmenttobuildtheir

proof-of-concept

machines.Inthe

lasttwo

years,

traditional

Venture

Capitalinvestors

havegrown

comfortable

investinginfusion,butthe

amountofinvestmentthey

canmake

mightbelimitedtothe

“Seed”or“SeriesA”

investmentsthatcharacterized

manyofthe

rounds

announcedinthisreport.

To

support

the

continuedgrowth

ofthe

industry,

companieswillhaveto?nda

waytobridgea

possible“valleyofdeath”

bybringingnewinvestors

withdifferent

poolsofcapital.Fusion

remains

anexcellentopportunity

forinvestors

withaccesstocapital.2The

global

fusion

industry

in

2023The

global

fusion

industry

in

20233About

the

ReportThis

isthe

third

annual“GlobalFusionIndustry

Report”from

the

FusionIndustry

Association.Inthisreport,

westrivetobeimpartial,presenting

the

informationonthe

variouscompaniesasithasbeenconveyedtous.Allcompanyachievementsanddataare

entirely

self-reported.Itisnotanexhaustivesurvey.

We

approached

the

fusionbusinessesthatweknowaboutandwhere

contactinformationwasavailable.Their

responses

were

voluntary.Inthisthird

report,

we’re

more

con?dentthatwe’ve

reached

the

globalfusionindustry.

Ofcourse,

there

maybesmall“stealth”

companiesthatare

notready

forpublicity,

butwebelievethisyear’s

report

nowrepresentsallthe

majorplayers.

The

onepossibleexceptionisa

Chinesecompanythatthe

press

reported

signi?cantinvestmentsin,butwhere

wecouldnottrack

downcontactinformation.Beyondthat,thissurvey

should

beseenasa

snapshot

intime;a

viewoftheindustry

when

thesurveywasconductedinthe

secondquarter

of2023.

Repeating

theactivity

year-on-year

enablesustoseethepicture

evolving.The

numberoffusioncompaniesaround

the

worldcontinuestogrow,

inwhatcanonlybedescribedasatechnologyexplosion.The

totalnumberoffusioncompaniesincreased

to43,

upfrom

33

inlastyear’s

report.This

report

saw13

newcompaniesadded,though

three

from

lastyearare

nolongerinbusiness(though

someoftheir

technologiesandskillshavemovedtoother

companies).Manyprivatefusioncompaniesare

members

ofthe

FusionIndustry

Association,though

thisisnota

requirementforthe

report,

andwestrivetotreat

members

andnon-members

the

same.Membership

ismarked

oncompanypagesbyanFIAMemberbadge.Membership

ofthe

FIAissimple:itrequires

companiestohavea

planforfusioncommercialization,

todemonstrate

privateinvestmenttosupporttheir

mission,andtopaydues.Companiesplayinga

supportive

role

inthe

fusionindustry

mayjoinasAf?liateMembers,

butthesewider-industry

companiesare

notthe

subjectofthisreport.

OurSupplyChainReport,released

inMay2023,

re?ects

the

statusandviewsofthese

companies.These

43companiesare

extremely

technologicallydiverse

across

the

“familytree”

offusion–

there

areveryfewexamplesofcompaniescompetinginthe

sametechnology.

That

diversity

isa

meansofmanagingrisk-

43“shots

ongoal”around

the

worldincreases

the

chancesofcommercially

viablefusion.Governments

Become

InvolvedAbout

The

Fusion

Industry

Association

(FIA)Perhaps

evenmoreimportant

thanthe

volumeofmoneygoingintofusionisthatthe

lastyearhasseenpolicies,procedures,

andpublicinterest

thatwillallowfusiontorapidly

grow

andmature.

This

year,forthe

?rst

time,weare

seeingsigni?cantnewpublic-privatepartnership

programs

inkey

nations.Eighteencompaniesreportedthey

were

involved(orwouldsoonbe)ina

public-privatepartnership

withgovernment.The

FIAisthe

uni?edvoiceofthe

newfusionindustry

anda

central

pointforcoordination

across

the

fusioncommunity

tosupport

accelerated

growth.

The

FIAisa

registered

non-pro?t

organization,

headquartered

inWashington,

DC,composedofprivatecompaniesworkingtocommercialize

fusionpower.

The

Associationadvocatesforpoliciesthatwouldaccelerate

the

race

tofusionenergy.

Detailsaboutmembership

are

availableat:

/membership/.Around

the

world,these

programs

are

diverse

intheir

aimsandfunding

levels,butthere

isa

cleartrend

towardsgovernmentinterest

infusion.The

UnitedStates,Japan,andGermanymadeannouncementsinearly2023aboutnewprograms

tosupport

fusioncommercialization,

inaddition

tothe

already

robustsupport

inthe

UnitedKingdom.The

FIAwouldlike

togivespecialthankstoMemeticCommunicationsfortheir

workinpullingtogether

the

dataandpublishingthe

report.Inthe

numberofprivatefusioncompanies,the

USremains

dominant,with25

companiesandthe

bulkofinvestment,butwehavealsoseenimportant

growth

incountrieslike

Japan,China,Australia,

NewZealand,Germany,

andIsrael,

whilethe

UKandCanadahaveseriousadvancedcontenders.

Asfusiongrows,

perhapsthese

public-privatepartnerships

canhelp

tobridgethe

“valleyofdeath”

ifprivatemarkets

cannot.Likewise,

a

regulatory

framework

forfusion–

separate

from

nuclear?ssionregulation–

ismovingforwardaswell,withthe

UnitedKingdombeingthe

?rst-mover,

followedbya

decisionbythe

U.S.NuclearRegulatory

CommissioninApril2023.

This

regulatory

certainty

willde-risk

fusionandcouldunlockfurtherprivateinvestment.Finally,

fusioncompaniesagree

thatchallengesremain.

Fusion

ishard.A

largemajority

largemajority

of?rmssaythere

are

stillmanytechnicalscienceandengineeringchallengesaround

achievingfusionpoweref?ciency,resolving

plasmascience,andheat

management.Andalmostevery

companystillthinksfunding

isa

challenge,asplenty

more

willstillbeneededtogettocommercial

viability.Andrew

HollandNojourneyworth

takingwasevereasy.

Butforallthe

challenges,itremains

anexcitingandpromisingtimetobeinthe

fusionindustry

–

thanksforreading

ourreport,

andwehope

youcanjoinusatwww.!Chief

Executive

OfficerFusionIndustry

Association4The

global

fusion

industry

in

2023The

global

fusion

industry

in

20235HIGHLIGHTSTO

DAT

E3.

Notable

iNvestmeNts

siNce

the

last

survey$55m$250m$23THEAEnergym$200m$79mEnergySingularityFusion

PowerTechnologyTAEENNKyotoFusioneering1.

FuNdiNg

For

FusioN

compaNies$50m$41m$22m$20GeneralAtomicsm$67mFocusedEnergySHINEAvalanchen-TaoTechnologies$6,210,890,875

($6.2bn)*Total4.

compaNies

with

$200m

iNvestmeNt

or

more$5,939,271,000

($5.9bn)TAE

Technologies($1bn+)GeneralFusionTokamakEnergyZapEnergyPrivatePublic$271,620,000CommonwealthFusion

Systems($2bn+)ENNHelionEnergySHINETechnologies2.

chaNge

siNce

2022

survey5.

locatioNByprimary

HQSwedenCanada11UK3Germany3USA25China11Japan32France$4.8bn

secured

at

timeof

2022

survey$1.4bn

increase

in

total

fundingsince2022

(including

some

funding

not

previously

declared)43

responses

vs

33

in

2022

and

23

in

202113

companies

founded

or

emerged

from

stealthmode3

companies

folded/joined

othersItaly1IsraelAustralia1*

Some

figures

havebeen

rounded.

Somefundingwas

declared

privately,

hencetotalfigure

here

ishigherthancombinedfigures

stated

in

company

profiles.1New

Zealand6The

global

fusion

industry

in

2023The

global

fusion

industry

in

202379.

selected*

iNvestors

iN

FusioN6.

target

marketsPrimary

Markets

(Respondents

could

select

multiple):AdditionJameelInvestmentManagementCompany(JIMCO)Jeff

BezosAlcen33Electricity

generationSpace

propulsionMarine

propulsionMedicalArt

SambergBezos

ExpeditionsBillGatesBlackbird

VenturesBraavos

CapitalBraemar

Energy

VenturesBreakthrough

Energy

VenturesBrukerJGCMIRAIInnovationFundJICVenture

Growth

InvestmentsJohnDoerr53JSCapitalK1W1VenturesK4Ventures5Kam

GhaffarianKDDI9Off-grid

energyBusinessDevelopmentBankofCanadaCapricornInvestmentGroupCenovusEnergyCharlesSchwabChevron

Technology

VenturesChrysalix

Venture

CapitalCoatueKhazanah

NasionalKhosla

VenturesKTHHoldingHydrogen

and/or

clean

fuelsIndustrial

heat611Kuwait

InvestmentAuthorityLowercarbon

CapitalmiHoYoPotential/spin-off

markets:MILFAM4CongruentMitsubishiUFJ

CapitalMitsuiKinzokuElectricity

generationSpace

propulsionMarine

propulsionMedicalCoral

Capital7Darco

CapitalMOLPLUSMSIVCDavidHarding6DBJCapitalCo.,Ltd.DCVCNewZealand

Growth

CapitalNgāiTahu8DFJ

GrowthNikon101212Doral

EnergyNissayCapitalOrbiaVenturesOutsetVenturesPlural

PlatformOff-grid

energyDrHans-Peter

WildDustinMoskovitzEITInnoEnergyHydrogen

and/or

clean

fuelsIndustrial

heatElectricPower

DevelopmentCompanyEmerson

CollectiveEnergy

ImpactPartnersEniPrelude

VenturesRadar

VenturesSBIInvestment8.

iNdustry

growthSDGx7.

employeesEnlightenmentCapitalEquinorSegra

CapitalManagementSETVenturesNumbers

are

approximate

andbasedon975new

jobsFineStructure

VenturesFootprint

CoalitionFounders

FundShorewind

CapitalSMBCCapitalSonycompanies

estimated

figures,

rounded

to

nearest10%.

Companies

that

did

not

provide

demographicand

role

data

are

not

reflected

in

these

figures.Future

VenturesGACapitalStarlightVenturesStartEnginecreated

(basedon33

responses)GermanFederal

AgencyFor

DisruptiveInnovationGICSumitomoTDKVenturesGoogleTemasek23%33%Grantham

FoundationHo?maToyotaTrirecScientistsOther~3,000HostplusHTGFUVCPartnersVahocaIcehouse

VenturesInpexCorporationIPGroupVenture

Growth

InvestmentsCo.,Ltd.WilbeBy

role(based

on

24/33responses)estimated

jobscreated

in

thesupply

chain0.1%OtherWireframe

VenturesWisconsinAlumniResearch

Foundation

(WARF)YUNHEPartners23%FemaleJ-POWERJAFCOGroup(basedon20

responses)*All

of

these

investors

have

beenpublicly

identified

in

previous

publications.TheFIA

is

not

responsible

for

theresponses

listed

inthis

report

from

survey

participantsand

do

not

intend

to

disclose

any

proprietary

information.44%EngineersBy

gender(based

on

31/43resaponses)10.

public

private

partNerships0NOTABLEPPPS15companies

engagedin

PublicPrivatePartnerships3INFUSE,

ALCF,ERCAP,valueingovernmentfundingifmilestonesmet*77%Defenceplanto

be

soonInnovationUnit,Canada?sStrategicInnovation

FundMale8The

global

fusion

industry

in

2023*basedon

nine

respondents

who

reported

their

shareTThhee

gglloobbaall

ffuussiioonn

iinndduussttrryy

iinn

220022

32911

.

approach13.

predictioNs/challeNgesGeneral

approachWhendo

you

anticipate

your

companywilldeliver

power

to

the

grid19Electrostatic

HybridInertial

con?nement(30

responses)1521

Magnetic

con?nement1511112Hybrid

magnetic

and

electrostatic

con?nementMagneto-intertialMuon-catalyzed

fusionNon-thermal

laser

fusionClosed

Orbit,

velocity

resonant

systemsRydberg

matter

fuel-based

fusion

(non-traditional)Non-traditional

concepts/Not

stated/TBC6441Speci?c

approach1111311111111121111116621Dense

Plasma

FocusDirect

laser-driven

pB11Before20302030-20352036-20402041-2045BY2050Epicyclotron:a

hybrid

beam

background

approachElectro-centripetal

con?nement

with

magnetic

plasmas

not

in

thermodynamic

equilibriumField

Reversed

Con?gurationHypervelocity

Gradient

Field

FusionLaser-driven

inertial

con?nementLaser-driven

Direct

Drive

Inertial

Con?nement

FusionLevitated

DipoleMagnetic

mirrorMirror

machineMagnetized

target

fusionModi?ed

StellaratorMuon-catalyzed

fusion

with

high

density

fuelMagnetic-electrostatic

con?nementMagnetized

Liner

Inertial

Fusion

(MagLIF)Plectonemic

reconnectionPoloidal

magnetic

con?nement,

e.g.

Levitron,

LDX,

IntrapPulsed

magneto-plasma

pressurized

con?nementShock-driven

inertial

con?nementSpindle

cusp,

superconducting

shielded-grid

Inertial

Electric

Con?nementStellaratorWhenwillthe

first

fusion

plant

deliver

electricity

to

the

grid?

(40

responses)2095411Before20252025-20302031-20352036-20402041-2045AFTER2050Tokamak/Spherical

Tokamak/Advanced

TokamakZ-pinchN/A12

.

Fuel

sourceWhenwillthe

first

fusion

plant

demonstrate

a

low

enoughcost/highenough

efficiency(Q)to

beconsidered

commercially

viable?

(40

responses)3DDDD,pB111313122DHe36528DT5pB111111Proton-LithiumTritiumsuppressedDDMultiplefuelsBefore20252025-20302031-20352036-20402041-2045AFTER205010The

global

fusion

industry

in

2023The

global

fusion

industry

in

202311What

do

you

seeare

the

main

challenges

for

fusionenergyupto

2030?(38

Reponses,non-reportedanswers

indicate

not

seenasa

problem/don’t

know)MajorchallengeMinor

challengeFusionpowerefficiency;achievinghigh-enoughgain(highQ)fusionpower292136132721177PlasmascienceCryoplants(heatmanagement)Plasmaexhaust7PulseDuration1422211213152910Tritiumself-sufficiencyNeutronresilientmaterialsNuclearsafety/regulatoryapprovalIntegratedsystemsengineering122324169Fulllife-cycleissues(e.g.maintenance,waste,recy-cling,decommissioning)FundingGeopolitics22What

do

you

seeare

the

main

challenges

for

fusionenergy

after

2030?(38

Reponses,non-reportedanswers

indicate

not

seenasa

problem/don’t

know)Major

challengeMinor

challengeFusion

powerefficiency;achievinghigh-enoughgain(highQ)fusionpower196122219161610107PlasmascienceCryoplants(heat

management)Plasma

exhaust7109PulseDurationTritium

self-sufficiency22231510221613NeutronresilientmaterialsNuclearsafety/regulatory

approvalIntegratedsystemsengineering24121619Fulllife-cycleissues(e.g.maintenance,

waste,recycling,

decommissioning)FundingGeopolitics12The

global

fusion

industry

in

2023The

global

fusion

industry

in

2023Deutelio14.

timeliNe

oF

wheN

FusioN

compaNies

were

FouNded?Thea

Energy(formerlyPrincetonStellarators).?Realta

Fusion?XcimerEnergy

Inc.Avalanche

Energy??General

Atomics'CommonwealthFusionDivisionFusion

Systems??Blue

Laser

FusionCompact

Fusion

Systems,

Inc.??Gauss

FusionHelicitySpaceHorneTechnologies??CorporationFirstLightFusionLaserFusionX??TAETechnologiesCTFusionInc.ENNStellarex,

Inc.NK

Labs,

LLCLPPFusion,Inc.ElectricFusionSystems,

Inc.?Renaissance

Fusion19922002200320052009200820132017

2019

2021

20232018

2020

2022199820112015EnergySingularityProxima

FusionPrincetonGeneralFusionSHINETechnologiesMagneto-InertialHelionEnergyHB11

EnergyCrossfieldFusion

LtdFusion

SystemsFusion

Technology

Inc.(MIFTI)?FusionZapEnergy?Power

TechnologyFuse???TokamakEX-Fusion15.

total

Number

oF

privateKyoto

FusioneeringEnergy??FocusedFusioN

compaNies

by

year50403020100Novatron

FusionEnergy??Marvel

FusionHelical

Fusion??N.T.

TaoNearStar?FusionType

One?Energy

GroupOpenstarTechnologies14The

global

fusion

industry

in

2023The

global

fusion

industry

in

202315PROFILESOF

TODAY’SFUSIONPL

AYERSFUEL

SOURCE

KEYDTdeuterium-tritiumdeuterium-deuteriumproton-boronDDpB11DHe3deuterium-helium316The

global

fusion

industry

in

2023The

global

fusion

industry

in

202317?

Avalanche

Energy

LtdFIAMEMBERAVAL

ANC

HE

ENERGYAvalanche

Energy

isdevelopinga

modular5kWe

fusionmicroreactor,

calledthe

Orbitron,

forhard-to-decarbonize

applications.Itscompactsize

andmodularityare

gamechangers

fordual-use,mobileanddistributed

powerapplicationsacross

air,land,sea,andspace.Somepotentialapplicationsincludeislandedmicro-grids

inaustere/remote

environments,

electricvehiclebatteryrecharging,

andspacecraftpowerandpropulsion.LocationTukwila,

Washington,USAreachout@avalanche.energy2

018ContactDetailsYear

foundedFounderNamesRobinLangtry,BrianRiordanSpacepropulsion,Marinepropulsion,Mobility$53,000,000PrimarytargetmarketsTotal

declaredfundingtodateEmployees(incl.fulltimeconsultants)GeneralapproachSpeci?capproach27Hybridelectrostaticcon?nementMagnetic-electrostaticcon?nementDTFuelSourcePlannedenergycaptureapproachPilotplanttimescaleLithiumneutron‘blanket’Q4/2025

delivery

offirst

prototype

toDIU/DoDforqualificationtesting.Orbitaldemonstration

in2028.AnticipatedMWe

ofyourcommercialoperatingfacility?0.005MWe

permoduleMilestonesinpast12

monthsReachedanoperatingvoltageof200

kV

(kilovolts)withsecondgenerationfusiondevice“Marty”,

surpassingpreviousrecord

of19

0kV

setbyUniversityofWisconsinatMadison.Key

collaborators/partnersDefenseInnovationUnit(DIU)Recentspinouts/patents/commercialinnovationsUSPatent:US11568999B2

OrbitalCon?nementFusionDeviceRecentpublishedpapersACompact,300-kVDCBushingforOperationunderUltra-HighVacuum

Pressure,IEEEConferenceonElectricalInsulationandDielectricPhenomena(CEIDP)pp.471-474.

(October2022).?

Avalanche

Energy

Ltd18The

global

fusion

industry

in

2023The

global

fusion

industry

in

202319FIAMEMBERBLUE

LASER

FUSION

INC.BlueLaserFusion

isdevelopinganinertial

con?nementfusiondevicewitha

proprietary

andnovellasersource.LocationPaloAlto,CaliforniaNotprovidedContactDetailsYear

founded2022FounderNamesShujiNakamuraandHiroakiOhtaElectricitygeneration$500,000PrimarytargetmarketsTotal

declaredfundingtodateEmployees(incl.fulltimeconsultants)GeneralapproachSpeci?capproach4Inertialcon?nementLaser-driveninertialcon?nementpB11FuelSourcePlannedenergycaptureapproachPilotplanttimescaleDirectenergyconversion203020The

global

fusion

industry

in

2023The

global

fusion

industry

in

202321FIAMEMBER?

Commonwealth

Fusion

SystemsCOMMONWEALTH

FUSION

SYSTEMSCommonwealthFusion

System’s

(CFS)

missionistodeployfusionpowerplantstomeetincreased

globalenergy

demandanddecarbonization

goalsasfastaspossible.CFS

leverages

decadesofresearch

intokamakscombinedwithnewgroundbreaking

high-temperature

superconducting

(HTS)

magnettechnology.CFS

iscurrently

constructingSPARC,

a

Q~10

demonstration

plantbasedonpeer-reviewed

science,usingfusionfuels.LocationDevens,Massachusettsinfo@cfs.energy2

018ContactDetailsYear

foundedFounderNamesBobMumgaard,DanBrunner,BrandonSorbom,DennisWhyte,

MartinGreenwald,andZach

HartwigKey

collaborators/partnersPartiallistincludes:MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology;BrookhavenNationalLab;ColumbiaUniversity;IdahoNationalLab;LawrenceBerkeleyNationalLab;LawrenceLivermoreNationalLab;PrimarytargetmarketsTotal

declaredfundingtodateEmployees(incl.fulltimeconsultants)GeneralapproachElectricitygeneration>$2,000,000,000>500MaxPlanckInstituteforPlasmaPhysics;NationalRenewableEnergyLaboratory;OakRidgeNationalLab;PrincetonPlasmaPhysicsLab;RobinsonResearchInstitute;SandiaNationalLaboratory;Type

OneEnergy;UKAEA;UniversityofCaliforniaatSanDiego;UniversityofMaryland;UniversityofRochester;UniversityofTexasatAustin;UniversityofTorino;

UniversityofWisconsin;UniversityofYork.Magneticcon?nementTokamakSpeci?capproachFuelSourceDTPlannedenergycaptureapproachPilotplanttimescaleLithiumneutron‘blanket’2025:

SPARC

demonstration

fusionplantisoperationalEarly2030s:Firstfusionpowerplant,calledARC,iscompletedRecentpublishedpapers[1]FERMI:FusionEnergyReactorModelsIntegrator,FusionScienceandTechnology,

79:3,

345-379,

DOI:10.1080/15361055.2022.2151818.

(2023)[2]Virtualprototypingofliquidmetalblanketperformanceinfusionpilotplant,FusionEngineeringandDesign,Volume191,

2023T.

Loobyetal.3Diongyro-orbitheatloadpredictionsforNSTX-U.2022

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106020[3]CommonwealthFusionSystemspathtocommercialization.BulletinoftheAmericanPhysicalSociety.2022

Oct17.AnticipatedMWe

of?rstcommercialoperatingfacilityInterimplantsorfacilitiesplanned400MWe2025:

SPARC

isoperational-amachinethatwilldemonstratecommerciallyrelevantnetenergyfromfusion,manyfusionsubsystems,andthedeliveryofanearfullscalesystem.-CompletedconstructionandmovedintonewHQinDevensMAinDec2022Recentcompanyinvestments-CompletedconstructionandmovedintonewMagnetFactoryinDevensMAinDec2022[4]Designconceptsforvisible,UVandIRimagingandspectroscopydiagnosticsystemsforSPARC.

BulletinoftheAmericanPhysicalSociety.2022

Oct20.[5]BrunnerD.Overviewofthehigh-?eldpathtofusionenergy.

BulletinoftheAmericanPhysicalSociety.2022Oct19.-ConstructionongoingforSPARC

facilityinDevens,MA[6]SircarA,BadalassiV.

MHDturbulencemodelsforfusionreactorblankets.BulletinoftheAmericanPhysicalSociety.2022

Nov22.22The

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