清晰生動(dòng)的時(shí)、語態(tài)

第四講用篇章技巧助力層級(jí)十一生動(dòng)清晰的“時(shí)、語態(tài)”一篇文章的時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)可以讓文章要點(diǎn)表述清晰，語言生動(dòng)，段落有條理，能烘托語境，創(chuàng)設(shè)情境，使文章的語言活起來，亮起來。一、時(shí)態(tài)一定要正確1.一般時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)和一般將來時(shí)。Thereisgoingtobeapaper-cuttingexhibitionintheFolkArtMuseumonSunday.(2017·全國卷Ⅱ·書面表達(dá))星期日，在民間美術(shù)館將有一個(gè)剪紙展覽。2.進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)和將來進(jìn)行時(shí)。Iamwritingtoinviteyoutojoinapaper-cuttingshowtobeheldthisSunday.(2017·全國卷Ⅱ·書面表達(dá))我寫信是想邀請(qǐng)你參加本星期日舉行的剪紙展。3.完成時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)。I’msurethatitwillinterestyou，foryouhavebeenenthusiasticaboutping-pong.(2017·全國卷Ⅲ·書面表達(dá))我肯定這會(huì)使你感興趣，因?yàn)槟阋恢睙嶂杂谄古仪蜻\(yùn)動(dòng)。二、用英語的被動(dòng)語態(tài)寫作時(shí)可以多用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，以使表達(dá)更生動(dòng)。1.be＋過去分詞(be可使用各種時(shí)態(tài))或get＋過去分詞Theexhibitionwillbeheldfrom9：00amto5：00pmthedayaftertomorrowinFolkCustomMuseum.(2017·全國卷Ⅱ·書面表達(dá))展覽將于后天上午9時(shí)至下午5時(shí)在民俗博物館舉行。2.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋be＋過去分詞Internetvotingisunfair，andcan’tbetrusted.(2016·江蘇卷·書面表達(dá))網(wǎng)絡(luò)投票不公平，不能被信任。補(bǔ)全句子1.Thatweekend，we______________________________________________tothepeoplethere.(2016·北京卷·寫作)

那個(gè)周末，我們?nèi)チ烁浇男^(qū)把它們送給那里的人們。2.________________tobringyoutheChinesepainting______________________.

我已請(qǐng)他帶給你所要的油畫。3.________________totellyousomethingaboutdonatingbookstoyourclass.

我正寫信告訴你向你班贈(zèng)書的情況。wenttoanearbyneighborhoodandgavethemawayI’veaskedhimyou’veaskedforbeforeI’mwriting4.Theentrancetotheparkingplacewastoosmallandoften____________.

通往停車場(chǎng)的入口太小了，經(jīng)常堵車。5.________________________________，andthousandsofcopieshavebeensoldoutnow.

這本書在我們省很好賣，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)賣出數(shù)千本了。6.________________________________________inthepasttwoyears.

我們的學(xué)校近兩年發(fā)生了巨大的變化。7.Ididn’tcatchwhatourteachersaid，because________________________________.

我沒有聽懂我們的老師說的什么，因?yàn)槲覄偛旁诳紤]別的事情。8.______________________aslongas____________________.

只要你不告訴別人，我就告訴你真相。gotblockedThisbooksellswellinourprovinceGreatchangeshavetakenplaceinourschoolIwasthinkingaboutsomethingelseIwilltellyouthetruthyoukeepittoyourself利用恰當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)，結(jié)合中文提示補(bǔ)全短文并背誦1.________________________________(一場(chǎng)可怕的暴雨襲擊了我們城市)lastnightandcausedhugemudslidesaroundWestVillage.Inthisdisaster，nearly2.________________________(十所房子被毀)andanofficebuildingwasruined.What’sworse，3.____________________________(暴雨已造成一人死亡)，leavingfivepersonsmissing.Averyterriblerainstormhitourcitytenhousesweredestroyedithasalreadycausedonedeath4.____________________(當(dāng)困難發(fā)生)ataplace，helpcomesfromallsides.Soldiersweresenttohelpout.And5.________________________________(許多村民努力幫助)searchforthemissingpersons.Itissaidthatthedirecteconomiclosscausedbythisheavyrainstorm6.__________________________________(總計(jì)一千多萬元).Througheveryone’sefforts，7.____________________________________(一切進(jìn)展順利).Whentroublehappensalotofvillagerstriedtheirbesttohelpaddsuptomorethantenmillionyuaneverythingwentonverywell/smoothly層級(jí)十二句順意暢的“過渡語”能使書面表達(dá)的整篇文章渾然一體的就是一些過渡性詞語的使用。這些銜接過渡性詞語在句與句之間、段與段之間起承上啟下、使文章前后連貫、結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、過渡自然的作用，從而提升了表達(dá)的層次，成為增分的亮點(diǎn)。1.表示起始關(guān)系的過渡性詞語aboveall，tobegin/startwith，today，now，nowadays，atpresent，currently，recently，generallyspeaking，accordingto，withthedevelopmentof...等。Tostartwith，IhavebeenlearningandspeakingMandarinforabout17years.首先，我學(xué)說普通話已經(jīng)17年了。(2015·四川卷·滿分作文)2.表示時(shí)間順序的過渡性詞語firstly，firstofall，tobegin/startwith，then，later，intheend，finally，atlast，afterthat，afterwards，sincethen，immediately，suddenly，meanwhile等。Firstly，Ihavealwaysbeeninterestedinreadingbooks.Secondly，I’dliketosharemybookswithothersaswell.(2015·重慶卷·滿分作文)首先，我一直對(duì)讀書感興趣；其次，我也喜歡與別人分享我的書籍。3.表示并列關(guān)系的過渡性詞語and，or，also，aswellas，neither...nor...，notonly...butalso...，either...or...，not...but...等。Shefinallyearnedrespectofthem，whoeventuallybecameconfidentaswellaswell-behaved.(2015·廣東卷·滿分作文)她最后贏得了他們的尊重，他們最終變得自信，表現(xiàn)也不錯(cuò)。4.表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的過渡性詞語but，yet，however，while，otherwise，onthecontrary，though，although，evenif/though，despite，inspiteof，regardlessof等。Somecompromiseswereunavoidable，butthevideoturnedoutperfect.有些妥協(xié)是不可避免的，但視頻結(jié)果是完美的。(2017·北京卷·書面表達(dá))5.表示因果關(guān)系的過渡性詞語because，as，since，for，thanksto，dueto，asaresultof，so，therefore，asaresult/consequence等。Thankstotheassistanceofthelocalmedia，hehasfound32timetwinsacross13countries，with17malesand15females.(廣東卷·滿分作文)多虧當(dāng)?shù)孛襟w的協(xié)助，他在13個(gè)國家找到了32對(duì)同年同月同日出生的人，其中17對(duì)男性，15對(duì)女性。6.表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的過渡性詞語what’smore，furthermore，moreover，besides，what’sworse，stillless，tomakemattersworse，worsestill，on(the)onehand...ontheotherhand...，foronething...foranother(thing)...等。What’sworse，Idon’tcommunicatealotwithmyparentsandmyfriends.更糟糕的是，我不經(jīng)常和父母和朋友交流。(2017·天津卷·書面表達(dá))7.表示列舉事實(shí)的過渡性詞語suchas，forexample/instance，take...forexample，thatistosay，asfollows，inotherwords等。Theplanforthedayisasfollows：Firstly，it’sacustomtohavedumplingsonthatday，sowe’llmakedeliciousdumplingswithourownhandsratherthanbuysomeforthem.(2015·全國卷Ⅱ·滿分作文)這天的計(jì)劃如下：首先，在那天吃餃子是一項(xiàng)風(fēng)俗，因此我們會(huì)親手為他們做美味的餃子而不是去買。8.表示觀點(diǎn)的過渡性詞語inmyopinion，inmyview，frommypointofview，asfarasIamconcerned，asforme，personally等。AsfarasI’mconcerned，allourclassmateshavelearnedalotfromourcommunicationandthevariousactivities.(2016·天津卷·書面表達(dá))就我個(gè)人而言，我的所有同學(xué)從交流和各種各樣的活動(dòng)中學(xué)到很多東西。9.表示總結(jié)的過渡性詞語inshort，inbrief，inconclusion，ina/oneword，tosumup，allinall，onthewhole，ingeneral，actually等。Inshort，playingbasketballenrichesmylifeandmakesmemoreconfident.總之，打籃球豐富我的生活，使我更加自信。用過渡詞匯補(bǔ)全句子1.______________________(首先)，themostsignificantthingistosetagoal，workoutaplanandcarryoutyourplanstepbystep.2.____________________________________(況且)，listeningtosomesoftmusicdoesrelaxyourmoodandgiveyouanewstart.3.Ilostmywayintheforestand____________________________(更糟的是)，itbecamedark.4.__________(因此)，Isuggestwebegivenmoretimeforsportsandsleep.Firstofall/TobeginwithBesides/Inaddition/What’smore/Moreovertomakemattersworse/worsestillTherefore5.__________________________________(總之)，weshouldtakeeffectivemeasurestoprotectourenvironment.6.__________(否則)we’llhavetoanswerforourselfishnesssoonerorlater.7.Swimming____________(不但)benefitsourhealth，____________(而且)helpsushaveastrongwill.8.________________(正相反)，smartphonesnotonlytakeupourvaluabletime，butalsodogreatharmtoourhealth.Inaword/Inconclusion/Inshort/InbriefOtherwisenotonlybutalsoOnthecontrary9.______________________(在我看來)，onlybystudyinghardatordinarytimecanyousucceedeventually.10.___________(因此)，Isuggestwegetupearlytocatchthebus.11.________(事實(shí)上),wecan’tsucceedineverythingwetry.What’simportantisthatweshouldstickatit.12.Inmyfreetime,Iwillcontinuetotakeregularexercise,____________(例如)swimming,runningandvariousballgames.AsfarasIamconcernedThereforeActuallysuchas13.Inoticedtheentrancewassmallandalmostblocked.________(所以)myclassmatesandIhadadiscussionandwroteareport.14.____________(除了……之外)readingforknowledge,wereadforfunandinspiration.15.________(最后),weshouldtakepartinsportsandoutdoorsactivitiesfrequently.Theywerereallyhelpfultobuildupmybodyandenrichmyschoollife.SoInadditiontoFinally選用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^渡性詞語補(bǔ)全短文however，besides，meanwhile，personally，additionally，ononehand，ontheotherhand，asfarasI’mconcernedDeareditor，I