南京大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院《963英語語言學(xué)》歷年考研真題及詳解

目錄

2014年南京大學(xué)963英語語言學(xué)考研真題（回憶版）

2013年南京大學(xué)963英語語言學(xué)考研真題（回憶版）

2012年南京大學(xué)963英語語言學(xué)考研真題（回憶版）

2009年南京大學(xué)963英語語言學(xué)考研真題及詳解

2008年南京大學(xué)963英語語言學(xué)考研真題及詳解

2007年南京大學(xué)463英語語言學(xué)考研真題及詳解

2006年南京大學(xué)463英語語言學(xué)考研真題及詳解

2003年南京大學(xué)英語語言學(xué)考研真題

2002年南京大學(xué)英語語言學(xué)考研真題

2001年南京大學(xué)英語語言學(xué)考研真題

2000年南京大學(xué)英語語言學(xué)考研真題

2014年南京大學(xué)963英語語言學(xué)考研真題

（回憶版）

第一題，術(shù)語區(qū)分題。四組術(shù)語，24分。

1.phonemevs.allophone

2.homonymyvs.homophony

3.illocutionaryactvs.perlocutionaryact

4.languageswitchvs.L1transfer

第二題，選擇題，考察的都是基礎(chǔ)知識，10小題，共30分。

第三題，分析題。給出幾個句子，要求先填寫名詞前的冠詞或復(fù)數(shù)

后綴-s；然后總結(jié)出使用冠詞或復(fù)數(shù)后綴-s的一般模式（common

pattern）。

第四題，分析題，考察的知識點(diǎn)是歧義（ambiguity）。給出兩句

話，要求先回答這兩句話有無歧義，并寫出每句話的不同理解，再分析

這兩句話產(chǎn)生歧義的原因是否相同。

1.Thechildrenplaynearthebank.

2.TheprofessorsaidonMondaythathewouldgiveanexam.

顯然，第一句話中的bank涉及l(fā)exicalambiguity,而第二句話中的on

Monday既可修飾said，又可修飾wouldgiveanexam，屬于

grammatical/structuralambiguity。

第五題，分析題，考察隱喻。給出美國報刊（記得好像是時代周

刊）上的一段話，要求辨認(rèn)那些詞使用了隱喻，并寫出其概念隱喻。

第六題，分析題，考察合作原則的準(zhǔn)則，題目似乎是課本原題。給

出幾句話，要求辨認(rèn)這些話違反了哪些準(zhǔn)則，回答是否thehedging

effortssuggesttheplausibilityoftheCP.

第七題，分析題，考察cohesion和coherence。給出一段話，要求辨

認(rèn)涉及到的cohesivedevices；評價其coherence；對原文修改，并說出做

出修改的理由。

第八題，分析題，考察communicationstrategy。有三問，分別是定

義，5種常見類型，使用交際策略的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)（prosandcons）。這道題似

乎也是課本原題。

2013年南京大學(xué)963英語語言學(xué)考研真題

（回憶版）

第一題，術(shù)語區(qū)分

1.fricativevs.affricate

2.meronymyvs.hyponymy

3.positivefacevs.negativeface

4.sensevs.reference

相比之下，今年該題偏簡單，第一個不清楚，后三個都是很基本的

概念，平時復(fù)習(xí)注意總結(jié)，結(jié)合例子用自己的語言表達(dá)出來即可。

第二題，依然是二分法

1.internationalization

2.TheweatherinChicagotodayisnogoodforwatchingcricket.

第三題，選擇，要求找出四個選項中與其他三個選項不同的那個選

項，并用一句話解釋，共10道題，每題3分，該題大部分都是劉新仁那

本語言學(xué)第二、第三章的內(nèi)容，語音，重讀，因素，詞類，構(gòu)詞法基本

各一題。另外還考了一道semanticrelation,這個基本近幾年每年都考，這

個是重點(diǎn)，也容易理解，這幾分一定得拿到手，因為基本上沒人失分。

最后一道是語用學(xué)里的，Speechacttheory.

第四題，簡答題，給了5個新聞標(biāo)題，要我們分析，whatrulesare

therewhenwewriteellipticalEnglishnewspaperheadlines?

(1)3ArrestedinNewOrleansHospital

(2)BlastKills53inIraqHolycity

(3)MissionApplaudedasShuttleReturns

(4)U.S.atoddswithAlliesonMideastConflicts

(5)OptimismonBothSidesofGay-marriageDebate

然后再為今天的考試寫一個新聞標(biāo)題

第五題，簡答題。irregularverbs“go”“come”,theirpast-tenseare

“went”“came”.再舉出兩個這樣的例子，然后總結(jié)它們的共同特征。并

從這些特征研究英語構(gòu)詞法。

第六題，簡答題。兩種動詞，drive，finish，其中drive可以跟for+

time,finish跟in+time,反之不對，分析這兩種動詞，并用這兩個詞造兩

個復(fù)雜的句子。

第七題，兩個笑話，要用語言學(xué)術(shù)語分析它們?yōu)槭裁纯尚Α?/p>

(1)babypig—piglet

然后babytoy應(yīng)該是？——toilet這個應(yīng)該是overgeneralization

(2)A:Williamhasaskedmeforaloanoffivepounds.ShouldIbe

doingrightinlendingittohim?

B:Certainly.

A:Why?

B:Becauseotherwisehewouldtrytoborrowitfromme.

第八題，Charterizinglearners'Englishproficiencyoftencallsfora

meticulousanalysisoftheiroutput,writtenorspoken,intermsofaccuracy,

complexity,fluency,andidiomaticity.Howcanthefouritemsbemeasured

specifically?

2012年南京大學(xué)963英語語言學(xué)考研真題

（回憶版）

第一題，區(qū)分術(shù)語，共計20分：

1.metonymyvs.metaphor

2.generalizedconversationalimplicaturevs.particularized

conversationalimplicature

3.coordinationvs.subordination

4.inflectionalmorphemevs.derivationalmorpheme

第二題，還是考察二分法。

1.representational

2.Whathappenednextastonishedallpresenttothemeeting.句子大概

是這樣，記不清了。

第三題，選擇題，回歸2010年的風(fēng)格。要求找出四個選項中與其他

三個選項不同的那個選項，并用一句話解釋。10道題，每題2分。涉及

輔音的分類，發(fā)音，重音，詞義關(guān)系(synonymy,antonymy,meronymy)，

指示語(deictic),前綴，禮貌原則等。

第四題，簡答題，4道小題。1.考察語義角色。Heopenedthedoor

withakey.原句大概是這樣，記不清了，要求討論劃線部分的語義角

色。剩余的3道小題具體記不清了，有道題要求區(qū)分不同主位(theme)的

句子。

第五題，簡答題。問得體條件(felicityconditions)有哪四個，并分析

下面句子是如何deviatefromfelicityconditions的。

1.Thankyoufornotsmoking.(Apublicsign)

2.Ireallyappreciateyoureffortstotellmysecrettomyenemy.

第六題，簡答題?？疾靦autology，要求舉出兩個例句及其可能出現(xiàn)

的情境。又問說話人這樣說想要傳達(dá)什么，這樣說與其non-tautological

equivalents有何區(qū)別。

第七題，簡答題。

1．考察概念隱喻。Noiseisabigheadache.要求分析之并舉出一個同

類型的句子，又問noise還可以比作什么并寫出例句。

2.Ifyouwastetimetoday,youwillrepenttomorrow.問劃線部分是否

屬于指示語及原因。好像還有別的小題。

第八題，給出EmilyDickson的小詩,問whatsyntacticdeviceis

employed?Whatcohesivedeviceisused?

Myfriendmustbeabird

Becauseitflies!

Mortalmyfriendmustbe,

Becauseitdies!

Barbshasit,likeaBee!

Ah,curiousfriend!

Thoupuzzlestme!

2009年南京大學(xué)963英語語言學(xué)考研真題及

詳解

Ⅰ.WritetheInternationalPhoneticAlphabetforthefollowingwords.

(12/150)

(1)attentive(2)deference(3)hypothesis(4)pathetic

(5)catastrophe(6)asce(7)subtlety(8)caveat

(9)frugal(10)influenza(11)languid(12)vehement

答案：

(1)attentive[E5tentiv](2)deference[5defErEns](3)

hypothesis[hai5pCWisis]

(4)pathetic:[pE5Wetik](5)catastrophe:[kE5tAstrEfi](6)

ascent:[E5sent]

(7)subtlety:[5sQtlti](8)caveat:[5keiviAt](9)frugal:[5fru:^El]

(10)influenza:[5influ5enzE](11)languid:[5lAN^wid](12)

vehement:[5vi:imEnt]

Ⅱ.ThefollowingsentenceistakenfromBarackObama’sVictory

Speech.TheunderlinedwordsarestressedbyObama.

Statethegeneralrulesofsentencestressanddiscusswhetherthe

underlinedwordsconformtotheserules(e.g.,whichonesaregenerally

stressed;whichonesarenormallynotstressedbutgetstressedhere;and

whichonesthatarenormallystressedbutarenotstressedhere).(15/150)

IfthereisanyoneouttherewhostilldoubtsthatAmericaisaplace

whereallthingsarepossible,whostillwondersifthedreamofourfounders

isaliveinourtime,whostillquestionsthepowerofourdemocracy,tonight

isyouranswer.

答案：

Ingeneralsituations,lexicalwordsarenormallystressedwhile

grammaticalwordsareunstressed.Thosewhichmainlyworkforconstructing

groups,phrase,clause,clausecomplex,oreventextaregrammaticalwords,

suchas,conjunctions,prepositions,articles,andpronouns.Andthosewhich

mainlyworkforreferringtosubstance,actionandquality,suchasnouns,

verbs,adjectives,andadverbsarelexicalwords.Lexicalwordscarrythe

maincontentofalanguagewhilegrammaticalonesservetolinktogether

differentcontentparts.Therefore,lexicalwordsarealsoknownascontent

wordsandgrammaticalonesasfunctionalwords.

Inthispassage,theverbdoubts,wonders,questions,thenoun

America,things,dream,founders,power,democracy,theadjective:possible,

alive,theadverb:still,all,fallintothecategoryoflexicalwordsandare

generallystressed.Thepronoun:anyone,ourandyour,aregrammatical

wordswhicharenotnormallystressedbutgetstressedhere,andthenoun:

place,time,tonight,answer,arelexicalwordsthatarenormallystressedbut

arenotstressedinthistext.

(本題考查詞的分類和重音，根據(jù)詞性來判斷是否應(yīng)該重讀。)

Ⅲ.Readthefollowinggroupsofwords.Foreachgroup,pointoutthe

onethatdoesnotfitinthegroupandexplainwhy.(Note:Focusonthe

meaningoftheunderlinedpartofeachword).(20/150)

(1)animal,animate,animism,animosity

答案：Allthewordsinthisgroupsharethesameprefixanim-,which

oftencarriesthemeaningoflifevigor,orbeingalive.Thefirstthreewords

obviouslybelongtothiscategory.Thewordanimositymeanshatredand

strongdislike,whichdoesnotfitinthegroup.

(2)missionary,ordinary,contemporary,elementary

答案：Thesuffix–aryisusuallyusedafternounstoformadjectives.It

canbealsousedafternounstorefertoconcretepeople.Inthisgroup,only

thefirstoneisanounreferringtoperson,whiletherestarealladjectives,

carryingcertainattributes.

(3)passionate,proportionate,differentiate,affectionate

答案：Thesuffix–atecarriestwosenses,onereferringto“make,lead

to”byconvertingintoverbs,theotherreferringtopossesscertain

characteristics,usuallyintheformofadjectives.Hence,“differentiate”

shouldbedeletedfromthisgroupbecauseitisdifferentfromotherwordsin

theirwordclass.

(4)befriend,belittle,becalm,becloud

答案：“Becloud”shouldnotbecoveredinthisgroupalthoughthereare

allmadeverbsbyaddingtheprefixbe-.Theprefixof“befriend,belittle,

becalm”means“makeorcausetobe”,however,itmeans“decorationor

cover”in“becloud”.

(5)dismiss,discomfort,disperse,dispel

答案：“Discomfort”doesnotfitinthisgroup.Theprefixdis-indicates

negationoroppositeness,suchasdislike,disabled.Butanothersensehas

somethingtodowith“getridof,orremovefrom”,whichcanbeidentifiedin

“dismiss,disperse,anddispel”.

(6)existent,dependent,detergent,confident

答案：“Detergent”doesnotinaccordancewiththeotherthreewords.

Thesuffix–entmakes“detergent”anoun.Itoriginallymeans“thesate,the

circumstance”.Aswecansee,“existent,dependent,confident”areall

adjectivesindicating“thestate”,transformedthroughaddingthesuffix–ent.

(7)chatter,banker,lawyer,sawyer

答案：Obviously,“chatter”doesnotfallintothiscategory.Thesuffix–

erisusuallyemployedtomakesomethingbecomesomeprofessionals.

“Banker,lawyer,sawyer”allrefertoprofessionalsinallwalksoflife.They

aremadehumanbeingssimplybyaddingthesuffix–er.

(8)fishery,bribery,surgery,robbery

答案：“Surgery”shouldnotbeplacedinthisgroup.Theotherthree

words“fishery,bribery,robbery”arealltransformedfromverbsintonouns

byaddingthesuffix–ery.

(9)basic,critic,specific,idyllic

答案：“Cirtic”doesnotgowiththeotherthreewords.Thesuffix–ic

hastwofunctions:oneisformingadjectiveswhichindicatethestateor

attribute,theotherisconstitutingnouns,usuallyintheformofhumanbeings

orsubjects.“Critic”becomesahumanbeingbyaddingthesuffix,while

“basic,specific,idyllic”formadjectivesinthesameway.

(10)outbound,outsell,outshine,outgrow

答案：“Outbound”isnotsupposedtobeinthisgroup.Theprefixout-

originallyhastwomeanings:oneis“morethan,surpass,excel”,theotheris

“outside,outdated”.Outboundwhichmeansgoingoutsideorabroadfalls

intothesecondcategory.Theprefixesofotherthreewordsallindicate

“surpassormorethan”.

Ⅳ.Discusswhythefollowingsentencesaresemanticallyill-formed.In

whatcontextsmighttheybeusedproperly?(15/150)

(1)Interestisthebestteacher.

答案：Thissentencecouldnotmakesenseliterally,sinceitmakesa

comparisonbetweentwototallydifferentthingsbynature.Yet,in

metaphoricalsense,itisquitemeaningful:“sinceyouhaveastronginterest

insomething,itwillmotivateyoutoseekmoreknowledgeaboutit.”

(2)Boyswillbeboys.

答案：Thissentenceistautological,andinnormalsituationsitistotally

informative,violatingquantitymaxim.However,atadeeperlevel,thelevel

ofwhatisimplicated,theyareinformative.Forexample,theboysbrokethe

windowwhentheywereplayingfootball.Itmayconveyimplicatureslike

“Boysarenaughtyandmischievousbynature”.

(3)Wedidnotgetanyadvancedwarning.

答案：Thisisadoublenegativesentence,whichconveystheassertive

meaning,anditcanindicatethespeaker’sstrongemotionormainpoint.

However,itcanbeusedbyaboss,itcouldimplysomething:“Wehave

gottenadvancedwarning,butyouseemignorethemandmessedthechance”.

Ⅴ.ReadthefollowingtwosentencescollectedfromChinesestudents’

compositions.Pointouttheproblemtheyshare.Giveanotherinstancethat

involvesthesameproblem.Explainwhysuchproblemmayoccurintheir

writing.(15/150)

(1)Inmyfather’sopinion,hethinkstoday’sstudentslikemelivea

morecomfortablelifethanheusedto.

(2)SomestudentschoosetoliveoffCampuswithreasonablereasons.

答案：

Inbothofthesentences,theChinesestudentshavemadeinterlingual

errors,whicharecausedbythelearner’snativelanguageormothertongue.

Forexample,intheabovesentences,thestudentswrote“Inmyfather’s

opinion,hethinks…”and“…liveoffCampus”,thestudentstranslated

Chinese“根據(jù)我父親的觀點(diǎn)，他認(rèn)為…”and“…在校外住”directlyinto

English.

ManyChinesestudentsarelikelytomakethesimilarerrors,for

example,aChineselearnerofEnglishwrites“Ilikejumpwater”thatisan

incorrectEnglishexpression,andthecorrectoneis“Ilikediving”.

SuchproblemsChinesestudentsmakemaybeattributedtotheinfluence

ofthemothertongue,namelytheChineselanguageormaybeorthestrategies

employedbythelearnerinlanguage.

（本題主要考查在第二語言習(xí)得中，第二語言學(xué)習(xí)者出現(xiàn)的問題以

及導(dǎo)致這些問題的原因。）

Ⅵ.Decidewhichofthefollowingsentencesareambiguouswhen

interpretedinisolation.Discussthefactorsthatleadtosuchambiguity.In

whatcontextsarethoseambiguousonesunambiguous?(18/150)

(1)Visitingguestsareboring.

(2)Mary’sfatherisadoctor.

(3)PamaskedthecopwhoJackconfronted.

(4)Academicallypoormalestudentsandfemalestudentshavegreater

difficultyfindingjobs.

(5)Jackpersuadedmenottoaccepttheirinvitation.

(6)Dickdidn’tflythekitebecauseitwasabeautifulday.

答案：

Allofthesentencesareambiguouswheninterpretedinisolation.A

sentenceisambiguousifithastwoormoreparaphraseswhicharenot

themselves’paraphrasesofeachother.There’retwomajorfactorsthatleadto

ambiguoussentences:lexicalandstructural.Lexicalambiguityisambiguity

attributabletothatfactthatsomeambiguouswords(homonymy,polysemy)

containedinthesentencecausesthewholesentencetobeambiguous,which

illustratedby(2)and(4),inthesentence(2),theword“doctor”hastwo

meanings:1.“醫(yī)生”;2.“博士”,andinsentence(4),theword“poor”hastwo

meanings:1.“貧窮的”;2.“可憐的”.Structuralambiguityisambiguitythat

restsontwoormorepossibilitiesofrelationshipofmodificationamong

wordscontainedinthesentence,sentence(1)and(3)aretheexamplesof

structuralambiguity。Forexample,sentence(1)canbeparaphrased:“Itcan

beboringtovisitguests.”or“Guestswhoarevisitingcanbeboring.”

However,insentence(5)and(6),itisthedifferentunderstandingofnegative

word,whetheritissemi-negativeorfull-negative,thisisthegrammarfactor

leadingtoambiguity.Forexample,insentence(6),wecancomprehend:

“Becauseitwasabeautifulday,Dickdidn’tflythekite.”or“Notonly

becauseitwasabeautifuldaythatDickdidn’tflythekite.”Soinorderto

reduceoreliminateambiguity,wehavetoputthesesentencesinconcrete

context,suchassituationalcontextandlinguisticcontext,cultural

backgrounds.

（本題主要考查歧義產(chǎn)生的原因。）

Ⅶ.Readthefollowingsentences.Underlinethewordorstructurein

eachsentencethattriggersinferenceaboutthepresupposedinformation.Give

apropernameforthetypeofpresuppositiontriggerusedineachcase.

Decidewhichofthevarioustriggersis/arelikelytotriggercancellable

presuppositionandillustrateyouranswerwithoneortwoexamples.(20/150)

(1)Petergaveupsmokinglastmonth.

(2)WhatwasthemostunbelievablewasthatJackwonthegame.

(3)MarychargedTimwiththeftayearago.

(4)BeforeIleftBeijinglastFriday,Ihadstayedtherefor10days.

(5)Theteacheraskedthestudentstorewritetheircompositionsonthe

importanceoftheInternet.

答案：

Apresuppositiontriggerisalexicalitemorlinguisticconstruction

whichisresponsibleforthepresupposition.

Inthesentence(1),theverbphrase“gaveup”triggersinferencethat

Peterhadbeensmoking.Thistypeofpresuppositiontriggeriscalled“Change

ofstateverbs”.

Inthesentence(2),thecleftsentence“Whatwasthemostunbelievable

wasthat”,triggersinferenceaboutthepresupposedinformationisthat

somethinggreatJackhaddone.Thistypeofpresuppositiontriggeriscalled

“Cleftsentences”.

Inthesentence(3),theverb“charge”triggersinferencethatMarythinks

theftisbad,andthiskindoftriggeriscalled“Verbsofjudging”.

Inthesentence(4),theword“Before”triggersinferencethatIhad

stayedinBeijingfor10days,andthiskindofpresuppositiontriggeriscalled

“Adverbialclausesoftime”.

Inthesentence(5),theverb“rewrite”triggersinferencethattheteacher

hadaskedthestudentstowritetheircompositionsontheimportanceofthe

Internetbefore.Thispresuppositiontriggerbelongsto“iteratives”.

Typesofpresuppositiontriggerscantriggercancelablepresupposition:

Changeofstateverbs,andVerbsofjudging,andImplicativeverbs,for

example,Johnstoppedbeatinghiswifeandfromthissentencewecanknow

thatJohnhadbeenbeatinghiswife.ThisisthecaseofChangeofstateverbs,

andanotherImplicativeexample:Iforgottobringthebook.Thisutterance

impliedthatIoughttobringthebooks.

（本題主要考查預(yù)設(shè)和預(yù)設(shè)觸發(fā)語的分類）

Ⅷ.StudythefollowingconversationfromJaneAusten’sPrideand

Prejudice.DiscussitintermsofGrice’sCooperativePrinciple.Isthereany

maximthatisbeingflouted?Whatconversationalimplicatureis

communicatedbysuchdeliberatebreach?(15/150)

“Whatishisname?”

“Bingley.”

“Ishemarriedorsingle?”

“Oh!Single,mydear,tobesure!Asinglemanoflargefortune;fouror

fivethousandayear.Whatafinethingforourgirls!”

答案：

ThefourmaximsoftheCooperativePrinciplesproposedbyGriceare

themaximofquantity,themaximofquality,themaximofrelationandthe

maximofmanner.

Inthisconversation:A:“Whatishisname?”B:“Bingley.”,Bobeysthe

maximofquantityandquality,andinconversation:A:“Ishemarriedor

single?”B:“Oh!Single,mydear,tobesure!Asinglemanoflargefortune;

fourorfivethousandayear.Whatafinethingforourgirls!”,intheutterance

B,“Oh!Single,mydear,tobesure!”,thespeakerisparticularlycarefulabout

themaximofquality,whichrulesthatdonotsaythatforwhichyoulack

adequateevidence;however,intherestpartofutteranceB,”Asinglemanof

largefortune;fourorfivethousandayear.Whatafinethingforourgirls!”,

thespeakerviolatesthemaximofrelationsandquantity.Thespeakertriesto

conveyconversationalimplicaturesandthehearercancomprehendthemon

thebasisofpreviousinformation,sofromthisconversation,itimpliesthat

Bingleyisnotonlysinglebutalsoveryrich,andhewillbethesharptarget

foroneofthespeaker’ssingledaughterstogetmarriedwith.

（本題主要考查格萊斯的合作原則以及由于違反合作原則產(chǎn)生的

會話含義。）

Ⅸ.Readthefollowingidiomsandtheirexplanations.Groupthemon

thebasisofsomecriterionthatyouthinkfit.Statethecriterionyouusefor

thegrouping.(20/150)

1.castlesintheair:visionaryunattainableschemes;daydreams

2.footthebill:payforsomething

3.tightenone’sbelt:liveonlessmoneythantheusual

4.throwthebookat:chargeorpunishasseverelyaspossible

5.bumthecandleatbothends:gotobedlateandgetupearly

6.shootthebreeze:haveacasualconversation

7.turnthetableson:reverseone’spositionrelativetosomeoneelse,

especially,byturningapositionofdisadvantage

intooneofadvantage

8.playitbyear:decidehowtodealwithasituationasitdevelopsrather

thanplanningbeforehand

9.pullone’sleg:deceivesomebodyplayfully;teasesomebody

答案：

Theexamplesprovidedfallintothecategoryofslang,whichisacausal

useoflanguagethatconsistsofexpressivebutnonstandardvocabulary,

typicallyofarbitrary,flashyandoftenephemeralcoinagesandfiguresof

speechcharacterizedbyspontaneityandsometimesbyracinessthecentral

characteristicofslangcomesfromthemotiveforitsuse:adesirefornovelty,

forvividemphasis,frommembershipinaparticulargrouporclassofpeople

whose“communityargot”maybeincomprehensibleforoutsider,orfor

beingupwiththetimesoralittleahead.

Asforsomeslang,wemayidentifytheirrealmeaningbasedontheir

literalmeaning.However,moreoftenthannot,itisextremelydifficultforus

tofigureoutwhatitreallymeanswithoutrelatedknowledgeandculture

background.Iwillclassifytheexamplesintotwogroupsaccordingtothe

degreeofidentificationalityoftheslang.Thefirstgroupistheslangwhich

wemayidentifyitsmeaning;including“castlesintheair,footthebill,

tightenone’sbelt,throwthebookat,andturnthetableson”wecandetect

theirmeaningssimplybyinterpretingtheliteralwordsandmakingsome

associations.Althoughwecannotfigureouttheprecisemeaningofthese

items,wewouldnotbehamperedduringtheprocessofcomprehension.The

secondgroupembodiestherestitems,“bumthecandleatbothends,shoot

thebreeze,playitbyear,andpullone’sleg”Asforthisgroup,thewayfor

interpretationdoesnotworkhere.Ifwetriedtointerpretthemfromtheliteral

level,wemayendupataloss,havingnoideawhatitreallyconveys.Thisis

especiallydifficultforforeignlearnerswhohavenoaccesstorelevant

knowledgeorculturebackground.

(本題主要考查社會語言學(xué)的小分支—俚語的應(yīng)用?？忌梢詮牟?/p>

同角度來分類和論證。)

2008年南京大學(xué)963英語語言學(xué)考研真題及

詳解

I.Writetheinternationalphoneticalphabetforthefollowingwords.

(12/150)

(1)hypothesis(2)academician(3)verbatim(4)technique

(5)capacity(6)standardize(7)guarantee(8)paradigm

(9)primarily(10)rhetoric(11)procedure(12)originate

答案：

(1)[hai5pCWisis](2)[E7kAdE5miFEn](3)[vE:5beitim](4)

[tek5ni:k]

(5)[kE5pAsiti](6)[5stAndEdaIz](7)[7^ArEn5ti:](8)[5pArEdaim]

(9)[5praimErili](10)[5retErik](11)[prE5si:dVE](12)

[E5ridVineit]

II.ItoftenhappensinEnglishthatwhentwowordsareputtogetherina

compoundword,thepronunciationofthecompoundwordwillbedifferent

fromthatofthetwoseparatewords.Forinstance,cup+board→cupboard;the

pronunciationwillbecome/5kQbEd/.Similarchangeswillhappenwhentwo

wordsareputtogetherinaphrase.Transcribetheunderlinedpartofeachof

thefollowingphrasesintheInternationalPhoneticAlphabetastheyare

actuallypronounced.(16/150)

(1)asyouknow

(2)IttookalongtimetoarriveatGreenPark.

(3)Itwashardeventomakeaphonecall.

(4)Didyoufindtheanswer?

答案：

(1)/EVjEnEu/(2)/gri:mpB:k/(3)/fEuNkC:l/(4)

/didVu:/

III.Foreachgroupoftheitemsinthefollowing,pointoutwhichitem

doesnotfallunderthesamecategoryastherest,andexplainthereasonin

ONEsentence.(30/150)

(1)A./f/B./z/C./V/D./k/[Focusonmannerof

articulation]

(2)A./C/B./a:/C./Q/D./u/[Focusonplaceof

articulation]

(3)A./p/B./b/C./d/D./m/[Focusonstateofvoicing]

(4)A.awareB.ignoreC.relayD.pertain

[Focusonthestructureoftheunderlinedsyllables]

(5)A.greenhouseB.friendshipC.courtyardD.

whitewood

[Focusonwordformation]

(6)A.intricateB.withinC.alightD.contaminate

[Focusonwordclass]

(7)A.wake-asleepB.inside-outsideC.teacher-studentD.right-

left

[Focusonthetypeofsemanticopposition]

(8)A.adhereB.relateC.stickD.comply

[Focusoncollocation]

(9)A.expertiseB.evidenceC.equipmentD.discourse

[Focusoncountability]

(10)A.quantityB.mannerC.approbationD.quality

[Focusonaconversationalprinciple]

(11)A.thereB.yesterdayC.youD.it

[Focusondeicticexpressions]

(12)A.goalB.rhemeC.instrumentD.causative

[Focusonsemanticroles]

(13)A.truthconditionB.sinceritycondition

C.essentialconditionD.preparatorycondition

[Focusonthefelicityconditionsofspeechactperformance]

(14)A.indeterminacyB.calculabilityC.defeasibilityD.

interestingness

[Focusonthepropertiesofconversationalimplicature]

(15)A.fieldofdiscourseB.themeofdiscourse

C.tenorofdiscourseD.modeofdiscourse

[FocusonHalliday’sregistertheory]

【答案與解析】

(1)D

Reason:A,BandCarefricative,butDisplosive.

(2)D

Reason:A,B,andCarelowvowels,whileDishighvowel.

(3)A

Reason:B,C,andDarevoicedconsonantswhileAisvoiceless

consonant.

(4)D

Reason:A,B,andChavenocoda,whileDhasacoda[n].

(5)B

Reason:A,CandDarecompounds,whileBisderivation.

(6)D

Reason:A,BandCareadjectiveswhileDisadverb.

(7)C

Reason:A,BandDaregradableantonymywhileCisconverse

antonymy.

(8)D

Reason:A,BandCcollocatewith“to”whileDcollocateswith“with”.

(9)D

Reason:A,BandCareuncountablenounswhileDisacountablenoun.

(10)C

Reason:A,BandDbelongtothefourmaximsofcooperativeprinciple

whileCisoneofthesixmaximsofpolitenessprinciple.

(11)B

Reason:“yesterday”isatimeadverbialbutnotdeictic.

(12)D

Reason:A,B,andCarethreethematicroles,whileDisnot.

(13)A

Reason:Felicityconditionincludesessentialcondition,sincerity

condition,preparatorycondition,andpropositionalcontentconditions,in

whichAisnotincluded.

(14)D

Reason:Disnotthepropertiesofconversationalimplicature.

(15)B

Reason:A,CandDarethethreefactorswhichdeterminetheregisterof

adiscourse,whileBisnot.

Ⅳ.Somestudentsmayusetheincorrectformsintheleftcolumnbelow

insteadofthecorrectonesintherightcolumn.Discussthepossiblefactors

thatcausesucherrors.(20/150)

(1)

IncorrectCorrect

SomestudentsdonotcareSomestudentsdonotcarefor

others.others.

TheyarebusysearchingTheyarebusysearchingfor

jobs.jobs.

(2)

IncorrectCorrect

IthasbeenexistedforalongIthasexistedforalong

time.time.

Thebusisarrived.Thebushasarrived.

(3)

IncorrectCorrect

YoushouldreturnthelibraryYoushouldreturnthebooksto

thebooks.thelibrary.

HereportedthepolicetheHereportedtheaccidenttothe

accident.police.

(4)

IncorrectCorrect

IforgotthecaraccidentIforgotthecaraccidentthat

happenedatthecornerofthathappenedatthecornerofthatstreet.

street.

TheideaoccurredtomewasTheideathatoccurredtome

averyvagueone.wasave