《英國文學選讀》(王守仁)課后答案-英國文學選讀課后答案

GeoffreyChaucer

TheCanterburyTales

1.Howisthesettingofthetalesdescribed?Withsuchasetting,couldyou

predictthegeneraltoneofthetales?

Earlyspring.Generaltone:happy,easy,lively,humorous.

2.CharacteroftheKnight?

Theknightdisplaysmanytraitswhichmakehimseemalmosttoogoodtobe

true,andatruegentlemanthatrarelyexistsinreality.Theknightholdsfour

mainadmirabletraits,makinghimthemostlikedtravelerin"TheCanterbury

Tales,"andalsoamplyingthedoubtofhisrealism.Fromthecharacters

impressiveintroduction,itisclearthatthismanisthemostvaluedand

honorabletraveleramongthegroup.Thisperfectgentlemanholdsaloveof

idealsthatareoftennotdisplayedbypeople.Firstandforemost,hebelievesin

theidealsofchivalry,andalwaysstaystruetoitsprinciples.Healsofeelsthat

oneshouldbehonest,truthfulandfaithful,whichmanypeoplearenotallof

theseideals.Theknightthinksoneshouldonlydowhatisright,andwhatwill

gainhimhonorandreputation.Thischaracteralsobelievesinfreedomand

generositytowardsall,anddisplaysthisidealrepeatedlythroughoutthenovel.

Andlastly,theknightalsostronglyfeelsthatanyproperpersonshoulddisplay

courtesyandeleganceatalltimes.

Anotheraspectofthischaracter'slifewhichmakeshimseemtooprestigious

tobetruthfulishisimpressivemilitarycareer.Hefoughtintheholywar,The

knightobviouslyheldaveryrespectablereputation,andwastreatedwithmuch

honorandrespect.Hewasaperfectgentleman,showingkindnessand

understandingtoeveryonehecameincontactwith.Theknightwasextremely

well-mannered,alwaysbeingonhisbestbehavior.Hisappearancewasthe

"finishingtouch,"addinghonorandintegritytohiscourageousandgentle

spirit.Thismaincharacterwasclothedstillinhisarmor,wearingatunicof

harshclothandhiscoatofmailisrust-stained,clearlyshowingremainingsigns

ofpastbattles.

ShakespeareHamletP8

1.Whyissleepsofrightening,accordingtoHamlet,sinceitcan“end”the

heartacheandthethousandnaturalshocks"？Nobodycanpredictwhathe

willdreamofafterhefallsasleep.Deathmeanstheendoflife,youmaygoto

orunknownworldandyoucan'tcomeback,.Ifhedies,Hamlet'scan'trealize

hiswill.Though“sleep“canendtheheartacheandthethousandnaturalshocks,

itisastateofmind.Hamletdidn'tknowatall.Heisfrightenedbythepossible

sufferinginthelong“dream”.Hecan'tpredictwhatwillhappeninthesleep,

maybegoodmaybeevil.

2.Whywouldpeopleratherbearallthesufferingsoftheworldinsteadof

choosingdeathtogetridofthem,accordingtoHamlet?Deathisso

mysteriousthatnobodyknowswhatdeathwillbringtous.Maybebitter

sufferings,greatpains,heartbreakingstories...Becausepeopleholdthesame

idea"togruntandsweatunderawearylife,butthatthedreadofsomething

afterdeath-theundiscover5dcountry,formwhosebournnotraveler

returns-puzzlethewill,andmakeusratherbearthoseillswehavethanflyto

othersthatweknownotof?”Peoplealsoarefrightenedbythemythsinanother

worldafterdeath.

3.What,afterall,makespeoplelosetheirdeterminationtotakeaction?

Pleaseexplaininrelationtotheso-calledhesitationofHamlet.

Conscienceandover-considerations.Hewantstorevenge,butdoesn'tknow

how.Hewantstokillhisuncle,butfindsittoorisky.Helivesindespairand

wantstocommitsuicide.However,heknowsifhedies,nobodywillcomforthis

father'sghost.Heisinfaceofgreatdilemma.Theydon'tknowtheresultafter

theirtakingtheaction.SuchasHamlet,hedoesn'tknowwhatwouldhappenif

hekillshisuncleorkillshimself.SoHamletwashesitated.

Sonnet18P13

1.Howdoesthepoetanswerthequestionheputsforthinthefirstline?

(Page14)

Thepoetopenswithaquestionthatisaddressedtothebeloved,"ShallI

comparetheetoasummer'sday?"Thisquestioniscomparing"thee"tothe

summertimeoftheyear.Itisduringthistimewhentheflowersareblooming,

treesarefullofleaves,theweatheriswarm,anditisgenerallyconsideredasan

enjoyabletimeduringtheyear.Thefollowingelevenlinesinthepoemarealso

dedicatedtosimilarcomparisonsbetweenthebelovedandsummerdays.In

lines2and3,thespeakerexplainswhatmainlyseparatestheyoungwoman

fromthesummer'sday:sheis"morelovelyandmoretemperate."(Line2)

Summerdaysaresometimesshakenby"roughwinds"(line3)whichhappens

andisnotalwaysaswelcomingasthewoman.Howeverinline4,thepoet

givesthefeelingagainthatthesummermonthsareoftentooshortbysaying,

"Andsummerleasehathtooshortadate."Inthesummerdays,thesun,"the

eyeofheaven"(line5),oftenshines"toohot,"ortoodim,"hisgoldcomplexion

dimmed"(line6)as"everyfairfromfairsometimedeclines."(Line7)Thefinal

portionofthesonnettellshowthebeloveddiffersfromthesummerinvarious

aspects.Herbeautywillbeonethatlastsforever,"Thyeternalsummershallnot

fade."(Line9),andneverendordie.

Atlasttwolines,thepoetexplainshowthebeloved'sbeautywillaccomplish

thiseverlastinglifeunlikesummerdays.Anditisbecauseherbeautyiskept

aliveinthispoem,whichwilllastforever.Itwilllive"aslongasmencan

breatheoreyescansee."(Line13)thepoemisoutwardlyasimplestatementof

praiseaboutthebeautyofthebelovedwomanandperhapssummertothe

speakerissometimestoounpleasantwiththeextremesofwindinessandheat

thatgoalongwithit.However,thebelovedinthepoemisalwaysmildand

temperatebyhernatureandnothingatalllikethesummer.

Atlast,thepoetstartstopraisethatthebelovedissogreatandawingthatshe

istoliveforeverinthissonnet.Thebelovedissogreatthatthespeakerwill

evengoasfarastosaythat,"Solongasmenbreathe,oreyescansee,solong

livesthisandthisgiveslifetothee/Yline13>14)thatthebelovedisdeserving

toliveonforever.

2.Whatmakesthepoetthinkthat“thou”canbemorebeautifulthan

summerandimmortal?

Attheverybeginning,thepoetputsforthaquestion:"ShallIcomparethee

toasummer'sday?”Thenhegivesananswer:4tThouartmorelovelyandmore

temperate."Ontheonehand,“RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,

andsummer'sleasehathalltooshortadate;"ontheotherhand,''Sometimetoo

hottheheavenshines,andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimmed.^^Sofromthe

abovetwoaspectsthepoetthinksthat"thou"canbemorebeautifulthan

summer.Inaddition,€tAndeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,bychance,

ornature'schangingcourseuntrimmed.Comparedwithimmortal,“Butthy

eternalsummershallnotfade,norlosepossessionofthatfairthouow'st,nor

shalldeathbragthouwand5restinhisshade,whenineternallinestotimesthou

grow,st.^^Therefore,thepoetdrawsaconclusion:"Solongasmencanbreathe

oreyescansee,solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee."Inthispoem,the

poetmakes"thou"morebeautifulthansummerandimmortalbecauseofhis

beautifullines.Sointhiscase,"thou"inthepoemcanberegardedasfemale

becauselovecanbeautyeternal.Or“thou"canbereferredtomale,for

friendshipcanmakebeautyeverlasting.Even"thou"canbeabstract"love"or

“beauty“whichwillbecomeeternalinthewonderfulpoem.

FrancisBacon

OfMarriageandSingleLifePl7

1.Ismarriageanimpedimentorhelptoone'scareerdevelopment?

IntheeasyOfMarriageandSinglelife,Baconprefersmarriagetosingle

life.Hethinks"unmarriedmenarebestfriends;bestmasters;bestservants;but

notalwaysbestsubjects;fortheyarelighttorunaway;andalmostallfugitives

areofthatcondition^^,“Wivesareyoungmen'smistresses;companionsfor

middleage;andoldmen'snurses”.

Ihavetosayhiswordscanstillbetruetoday;Pmathisback,though

manyyoungpeoplenowchoosetoremainsinglenomatermaleorfemale.But

since"3Sladies"or"overleftladies“becomethecatchword,thefemaleseems

moreterrible.Maybebecausewomenareeasiertogetoldbuttomen30isthe

goldagesofcareerdevelopment.Forthemainreasonsof3Sladies,someare

highstandardforhusband;somearethefurtherstudying.Formen,maybethey

arefightinginbusiness;maybetheyaretoobadtofindawife.

Thenwecanseeallthestateofpresentmarriage.Eventhoughsomesay

“marriageisthetomboflove”,Iyetsupportmarriage.Marriageandfamily

makepeoplemoreresponsibleandloving,makedeeperlovebetweenspouses

andmakelifemorecolorful.

Theabilitytoloveandbelovedisthemostpreciousofgiftsgiventoman,

whichshouldbehighlytreasured.Familyletamanlearntocarethewholeunit.

Hehastotakegoodcareofhiswifeandson,lovethem,beresponsiblefor

them,allofwhicharethesametowomen.Allthesequalitiesarevitalto

anyone?scareer.Whenyouworkbackhome,wifeorhusbandisalwaysthe

listenertoyou,sonthewarmhearttoyou.Spouseshelpeachotherandsupport

eachother;familyistheharborforsoul.Thusitishelptoone'scareer

development.

2.Certainly,wifeandchildrenare“akindofdisciplineofhumanityw妻子

兒女顯然是人性的一種紀律約束”o

Abachelor's單身lifefocusisbuthimself,sohewillspendalotofmoneyon

everythingthatfeasthiseyeswithouthesitation.What'smore,heislikelyto

haveagoatanyrisksthatmakehimfeelexcitingandfreshforbeingfreefrom

anyburden.

However,amarriedmanalwaystendstothinktwicebeforemakingan

importantdecisioninordertopreventbringinganyharmtohisfamily.He

shouldhavethemotivationtoworkhardtofulfillwifeandchildren's

expectation.Asaresult,familyletamanlearntocarethewholeunit.Hehasto

takegoodcareofhiswifeandson,lovethem,beresponsibleforthe.Aloving

husbandandaqualifiedfathercancontributethegreatestmeritforthepublicto

alargeextent.

人的感情會移位，結(jié)婚的人對人生的態(tài)度肯定與單身之時不一樣。有孩子

的人更因為對孩子的愛遷移到蕓蕓眾生身上。結(jié)婚意味著兩個人的結(jié)合，

不論肉體還是精神。在無形中把不相干的兩個人熔鑄成合體的一個人，對

對方的關(guān)心和照顧如同自己，對對方的牽掛那是牽腸掛肚?；橐鲆沧寖蓚€

人變得更有責任感，感情更加豐富，對社會將會產(chǎn)生奇異的變化，對人生

的探索產(chǎn)生深遠的影響。單身是自由的，沒有婚姻的束縛，沒有孩子的牽

絆，享受生命的存在，享受一個人的獨處.當孤獨來臨時單身的人會去找人

生的知己，會碰到與之共度人生的另一半，于是便有了婚姻。

3.Baconprefersmarriagetosinglelife.DoyouAndhisarguments

convincing?

Yes.IthinkBacon'sargumentsareconvincing.Inthedemonstrationprocess,

Baconusesthemethodcomparisontoanalyzetheadvantagesofmarriageand

theshortcomingsofsinglelifeinordertotellusmarriageisbetterthansingle

life.Takingthesentence“wivesareyoungmen'smistresses,companionsfor

middleage,andoldmen'snurses“forexample,itisquiteconvincingand

reasonable.Marriagecanbringhappinesstopeople.Itistheecstasywhen

peoplepursuemarriageintheiryouth.Toayoungman,ononehand,awife

needshiscareandgoodgraces.Awifeisaflowerandamanshouldpaymuch

attentiontoherandgiveherspeciallove.Ontheotherhand,womenarealways

olderthanmenaccordingtotheirmentalages.So,wivesaremorematurethan

herhusbandandshecouldmakemanydecisionsandarrangementsforthe

family.Thatiswhywivesareyoungmen'smistresses.Whenamaninhis

middleage,heneedshiswifetohelphimnotonlyinthecareerbutalsointhe

familylife.Themiddle-agedmansuffersgreatpressureincareerandhewants

hiswifetosupportthefamilytogether.Also,hecouldconfidehistroublesto

hiswife.So,thatisthereasonforhavingawifeinmiddleage.Whentheman

growsolder,hisbodyisnotsostronglikebefore.So,heneedshiswifetotake

careofhimanddothethingsas“nurses“forhim.Inaddition,anoldmanis

alwayslikeachildandheneedsspecialattentionfromhiswife.So,according

tothereasonsmentionedabove,awifeisalwaysnecessarytoamanandawife

alwaysplaysimportantandirreplaceableroleinaman'slife.Inaddition,the

argumentistheconclusionaccordingtoBacon'slong-timeobservationand

considerationtowardslife.Frommyperspective,hisargumentsareconvincing.

Ithinkhisargumentsareconvincing.Bacon'sbasicideaisthat

marriageisgoodtobothindividualandsociety.Hisanalysisistakenstep

bystep.Atfirst,asinglemanthinksjusttoliveasinglelifecanhemake

somegreatcontributionstothesociety.Butasinglepersononlycares

abouthimself,hedoesn'tpayattentiontothefuture,itcanbevery

unwise.Singlelifecouldalsomakeamantobeserioustohisfreedom.

Onthecontrary,marriagemakesamanberesponsible,tender,

enthusiasticandwarm-hearted.Astheauthorsaying:"wivesareyoung

men'smistresses,companionsformiddleage,andoldmen'snurses".It

meansthatwhenamanisyoung,wifetalksaboutlovewithhim,when

hecomestomiddleage,wifealwaysstaywithhimasacompanion,

whenhebecomesold,wifewilltakecareofhimtilltheendoftime.Even

thoughawifemarriesabadhusband,marriageoffersagoodchancefor

husbandtocorrectthemselves.

Thewholeessay'smainpointisveryobvious,authortellsfromtwo

aspects.Firstly,hesayshowbaditistobeasingleman.Secondly,he

tellsalotofadvantagesofbeingmarried.Eachaspecthasenoughproof.

AtBacon'speriod,hisargumentsmaybemoreconvincingthan

nowadays.

OfStudiesP18

1.Wearenowlivingintheageof“informationexplosion^^.Whatlessons

canwelearnfromBacon's<ofstudies>inouraccesstoinformation?

Ourplanetisdevelopingforward.Thefast-movingdevelopmentofscience

andtechnologymakesitmoreconvenientforstudentstogetsufficientand

effectiveinformationbycountlessways.Thatistheexternalconditionforour

study,whichwecanappropriatelymakefulluseof.Butwhatwehavetokeepin

mindisthattheeternalmasterofstudyisnoonebutourselvesintheprocessof

studying.

Actually,I'msureeveryoneclearlyknowstheimportanceandsignificanceof

reading,ofstudies.However,thebiggestproblemisthattheyhardlyhave

powerfulresistancetothosetemptationsaroundus,suchasnew-stylevideo

games,latestHollywoodblock-buster,AvrilRamonaLavigne'snextconcert.

Placedintheinformationcurrent,youngstudentsaredifficulttorationallydeal

withthefloodinginformation.Theterribleresultisthattheybecomemoreand

moreindifferenttoreadingbooks,andwheneveracademicassignscome,we

juststartuptheircomputerandaccesstoinformationontheInternetnomatter

howmuchinformationtheycanreallycopyandmakeuse.Whatapity!

Astoefficientstudymethodstoalltheseinformation,Baconinsistsonthe

combinationoftheoryandpractice,''studiesthemselvesdogiveforthdirections

toomuchatlarge,excepttheybeboundedinbyexperience.^^Andintermsof

bookswhichmeanfortodaynotonlypaperbooksbutalsoinformationonline

forexamplee-books,Baconholdstheview“somebooksaretobereadonlyin

parts;otherstoberead,butnotcuriously;andsomefewtobereadywholly,and

withdiligenceandattention,,.Alltheideascandefinitelygivecollegestudents

preciouslessonstostudyandreadingbookstoday.

Whenwefacethefloodinginformation,somearetobereadinpart;they5rejust

providingnothingthanbackgroundwhichcanbeusefultounderstandand

completeassignments.Wecannotmerelydependallonthecomputerinsteadof

meditatehardonourown.Ofcourse,practicingisquitesignificanttoday.In

fact,thatdoesn'tmeanpracticeshouldbetheactionoutofpapers;inturn,the

termpaperfinishedonone'sownisapracticeofapplyinghisknowledgeto

practicalwriting.

Informationaroundusisshowingupwithoutstopping.Theyareallnever

checkedbyexperts,trueorfalse.Weaccesstothemwheninneed.Stillwe

havetobecautiousandjustviewthemasareminderorbrainstormresourcesto

helpintegrateourideastowellorganizethewholeassignment.Thisistheright

attitudetoinformationandtoourownstudy.

2.Inwhatsensedoesreadingmakeafullman?

Readingmakesafullman.Historiesmakemenwise,poets,witty;the

mathematics,subtle;naturalphilosophy,deep;moral,grave;logicandrhetoric,

abletocontend.Readinghistoriesmakespeoplelearnlessonsfromtheancient

time,avoidmakingthesamemistakesandpredictthedevelopmentofthings.

Peoplewhoreadhistorieswillbewiserthanthesewhojustactaccordingto

theirownpreferenceswithoutlearningfromhistories.Readingpoemsmakes

peoplelearnthebeautyoflanguage,thebeautifulclassicalstyleofartandlivea

poeticlife.Peoplewhoreadpoemswillbewittierthanthesewhohaven'tfeel

thebeautifulmoodandpurelife.Readingmathematicsmakespeoplefocuson

theaccuratecalculation,developascientificattitude,andformapragmatic

spirit.Peoplewhoreadmathematicswillbemoresubtletoconsiderthingsfrom

allaspectsanddothingsfromthedropcarefullythanthesewhodon'tread.

Readingnaturalphilosophymakespeoplepursuetruth,exploretheunknown

mystery,andpracticeactively.Peoplewhoreadnaturalphilosophywillbe

deeperthanthesewhodon'tlearnthetheoryofreflectingthetruth.Reading

moralmakespeoplelearnthewayofharmonyliving,formtheprincipleof

ethicalbehaviorsanddevelopcorrectoutlooksonvalues.Peoplewhoread

moralwillbegraverthanthesewhobehavewithoutcorrectprinciplesandcan't

dealwithdifferentrelationships.Readinglogicmakespeoplemastertherules

ofthinking,dealingwithdifferentthingsandexploringobjectivereality.People

whoreadlogicwillbemorecontendtohaveclearideas,matertheprinciplesof

objectivetruththanthesewhodon'tactaccordingtorules.

Differentkindsofreadingmaterialsplaydifferentrolesinmakingafullman.

Peopleshouldgetintodifferentreadingfieldsandtrainthemselvestobecomea

comprehensivetalent.Readingwilldogoodtoone'sphysicalhealthaccording

tosomereadingmaterialsofphysicaltraining.What'smoreimportant,reading

promotesthedevelopmentoflogicthinkingandmorality.Peoplecanbecalled

afullmanonconditionthattheyhavefinequality,delicateself-cultivationand

strictmorality.Trytoreadextensivelyandbecomeafullman.

AsfarasI'mconcerned,readingcanmakeafullman,cancultivateaman,and

canmakeamanmoveforwardinthewayheunderstandtheviewoftheworld,

thelifeandthevalue.Afullmanshouldhaveapositiveworldviewandadopt

anactivephilosophyoflife,whichareusuallybasedonabalancedknowledge

structure.FromFrancisBacon's勿Studies,Iknowthattheessaynotonly

introducesthemethodsofreadingbooksanddiscussesthepurposesand

functionsofreading,butalsoanalyzesthedifferentattitudesofthepeoplewho

arereadingbooks.Mostimportantly,wecanknowhowtobeafullmanfrom

reading.

FrancisBacon5sOfStudiessays"Historiesmakemenwise,poets,witty;the

mathematics,subtle;naturalphilosophy,deep;moral,grave;logicandrhetoric,

abletocontend.^^Thatistosay,wereadallkindsofbooksinordertohave

moreperfectknowledgeandformcriticalthinkingwhichcanmakeusbeafull

manbyreading..

Readingcanmakeafullman.Thatistosay,weshouldreadmorebookswhich

areusefulandhelpfulforus.Readingcanenlargeourknowledgeindifferent

fields.FromOfStudies,studiesservefordelight,forornament,andforability.

Itmeansthatstudiescanmakepeoplehappy,wise,increasingknowledge.Ifwe

readallkindsofbooks,weareabletotastewhatmightnothappentousinreal

life,andthenaskourselveswhatwewoulddointhatsituation.Besides,we

readmorebooksandfewermistakeswouldbemadebyus.Forthat,wecan

learnmoremistakeexamplesfrombookssothatwewillmakefewmistakesin

thefuture.Soreadingcanmakeamanfullbecauseitcanmakethemantasteall

theemotionsabouttheworldandhaveatrueunderstandingaboutthelife.

OfStudiesalsoteachusthatweshouldchoosesomebooktoread,butnotread

allthebooks.Someusefulbooksshouldbereadcarefullyandtakennotes.

Differentbookshavedifferentfunctions,theessaytellsusthatreadingdifferent

bookscanbringdifferentknowledgewhichwelack.Theessaysaysthat

differentbookshavedifferentmethodstoread.

Inaword,readingbooksofcertainfieldbringscertainknowledgeandability

welack.OfStudiesgivesusthemethodofreadingbooksandgetting

knowledge.Italsotellsusdifferentbookshavedifferentfunctionsforus.So

whetherreadingmakesafullmanliesinwhatbooksyoureadandhowyou

read.Readingarightbookcanmakeamanmorewise,moreemotionaland

morerespected.

JohnDonne

TheFleaP23

1.Whydoesthepoetsaythat“thiscannotbesaidasin,orshame,orloss

ofmaidenhead"?

Thespeakertellshisbelovedtolookatthefleabeforethemandtonote"how

little"isthatthingthatshedenieshim.Fortheflea,hesays,hassuckedfirsthis

blood,thenherblood,sothatnow,insidetheflea,theyaremingled;andthat

minglingcannotbecalled"sin,orshame,orlossofmaidenhead."Thefleahas

joinedthemtogetherinawaythat,"alas,ismorethanwewoulddo."

2.Whatdoyouthinkistheaddressee'sparents'attitudetowardthepoet's

wooing?

Theaddressee'sparents'attitudesareagainsthim.(...Thoughparentsgrudge...)

3.Whatistherealpurposeofthepoettosaythatinkillingtheflea"thou"

areactuallykillingthreelives?

Hecomparesthekillingofthefleatomurder.Itwouldbe“threesinsinkilling

three^^(1.18)sinceheandhisloverwouldbekilledwithinthefleaifshewere

tofollowhernaturaltendencytodisposeoftheinsect.Heevenstatesthatthe

actofkillingthefleawouldbe“sacrilege”.Thisisatermthatisgenerally

appliedtoactsthatgoagainstreligion.Iftheloverdeniesthefactthattheir

blood,andthereforetheirlives,arecontainedwithintheflea,itissimilarto

committinganirreligiousact.Thiswouldseemtomakethereverse,to

acknowledgetheirclosenesswithintheflea,compatiblewithreligion.To

acknowledgethisclosenessisalsotoacknowledgethatitisallowable,which

couldleadtotheconclusionthatDonnewisheshislovertoarriveat:sheshould

giveintohisdesiresbecausethereisnothingwrongwiththeintimatemingling

oftwopeople.

Holysonnet10

l.whydoesJohnDonnesaythatdeathisthe"slavetofate,chance,kings

anddesperatemen"?

ThepoemrevealsDonne'sbeliefinlifeafterdeath.Itreadslikeabold

challengetothe"prode""death".UnderDonne'spen,deathisneither"mighty"

nor"dreadful",formenmayderive"muchpleasure"fromdeath,and"death"is

a"slave"tomanythings.ThemeaningofthesentencefromJohnDonne's

DeathBenotProudislikethat,Death,youareslavetoFate,Chance,kings,

anddesperatemen;youaretheslavetohumanbeings.We,humanbeings,are

inchargeofyou.

2.Whatdoesthepoemmeanwhenhesays“wewakeeternaHy“afterone

shortsleep?Theworld"sleep"means"death";Thesetwolinesexpresstheidea

thatthereisnothingfrighteningindeath.Thoughwemightdie,wecankeep

alivespirituallyforever.

JohnMilton-ParadiseLost

Thegeneralsubject（總的主題）isman'sdisobedienceandthelossthereupon

ofParadise,withitsprimecause,Satan,who,havingrevoltedfromGod,has

beendrivenoutofheaven.

4.Wherearetheserpent蛇andhisfollowerscondemnedaftertheir

defeat?

TheyaredrivenfromHeavenintohell.

5.WhataretheGod'spunishmentsforthoserebelliousangelsasdescribed

byMiltoninlines59-74?

Satanlooksaroundandfindshimselfinahorribledungeon.Thereisagreat

furnaceinthedungeon.Whatisburningissulfur,withflames,butwithoutlight.

Throughthevisibledarkness,hecandiscoversightsofwoe,regionsofsorrow,

mournfulshades,wherepeaceandrestcanneverlive.Hopegoeseverywhere

excepttothisplace.ItissuchaplaceasEternalJusticehadpreparedforthose

rebels.ItisfarawayfromGodandlightofHeaven.

6.WhatisconsideredbySatanas"ignominy”and“shame”（line115）?

Tobowandsueforgracewithsuppliantkneeanddeifyhispower.Togivein

toGod,tofalldownonone'skneestobegformercysubmissively,worship

God'spower,becomescaredforGod'sauthorityandpower,loseconfidence.

7.WhatisSatanadvisingtheserpentandhisfollowerstodointhispartof

ParadiseLost?

HeisdefeatedinthebattleagainstGod,buthedoesnotloseheart.Hewillnot

bowdowntoGod.Instead,heisadvisingtheserpentandfollowerstoriseup

againandfightanotherbattle.

DanielDefoe

RobinsonCrusoe魯賓遜漂流記

2.WhatdoyouthinkofCrusoe'swayofmarkingtime?Whyisit

importantforhimtokeeptrackoftime?

Agoodway.Hedoesn'twanttoforgettime.Foracivilizedman,timeis

precious.

3.Fromthisexcerpt,whatdoyouHndadmirableinRobinsonCrusoe?

Strong-minded,careful,capable,persevering,optimistic,ambitious,self-reliant,

clever,practical,adventurous,patient,rational,sympathetic,hardworking,

imaginative,energetic,courageous,amiable（kind-hearted）.

Firstofall,heisadventurous.Unlikecommonpeople,Robinsoniseagerto

takeadventures.Soheisbraveundermostcircumstancesandcuriousabout

newthings.Evenwhenhewasleftinadesertedisland,hewasnotafraidof

whathewasconfrontedwith.What'smore,duringthetimehelivedinthe

island,Robinsonwasfacedwithlotsofdifficulties.However,hehasovercome

allofthemwithstrongwillandfirmdetermination.Andhetrieshisbestto

surviveandtakesanoptimisticattitudetowardslife.Insteadofdespair,

Robinsonisfullofpassioninsuchaharshsituation.Henevergetsfrustratedby

failuresandalwaysperseveresinmakingeffortstocreateanewlife.Besides,

Robinsonpaysmuchattentiontodetails.Forexample,whenhewantstofinda

placeforhissettlement,hehastakenmanyaspectsintoconsideration,suchas

security,convenience,andsunshine.Also,hemakesalistofspecificfigureson

whichhecanbasehisconstruction.Inthissense,Robinsoniscarefuland

considerate.Tosumup,Robinsonisnotonlybraveandadventurousbutalso

wiseandthoughtful.Whenhehasdifficulties,hesparesnoeffortstoovercome

themandtryhisbestsolvethefactualproblems.Whatimpressedmemostis

hisoptimismandperseverance.AllthegoodqualitiesinRobinsonCrusoeare

admirableandheshowsusapositiveattitudetowardslife.

Confrontingsuchanadversity,Robinsonshowedhisamazingwillpowerand

staunchlife-force.Healsoshowedpeoplehowtodealwit