中考英語語法之動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)習(xí)及練習(xí)題

動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)習(xí)一、動(dòng)名詞既具有動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì)，又具有名詞的性質(zhì)，因此叫動(dòng)名詞。1.動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞性質(zhì)表現(xiàn)在，它可以組成動(dòng)名詞短語，如：Ifinishedtheprojectinamonthbyworkingovertime.我靠加班在一個(gè)月內(nèi)做完了這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。2.動(dòng)名詞的名詞性質(zhì)表現(xiàn)在，它可以在句中用作主語、賓語等，如：Studyingabroadcanbeagoodexperience.留學(xué)是一種很好的經(jīng)歷。(作主語)Iregrettellingherthetruth.我后悔告訴她事實(shí)真相了。(作賓語)二、動(dòng)名詞的形式和特征1.動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式：doing2.動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)形式：beingdone3.動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：形容詞性物主代詞/名詞所有格/名詞/賓格人稱代詞+動(dòng)名詞在動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，物主代詞或名詞所有格是動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語，這種復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)多用作主語或賓語，也可用作表語或介詞賓語。當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞短語作賓語，放在動(dòng)詞或介詞后時(shí)，名詞所有格或物主代詞分別可用名詞普通格或人稱代詞賓格代替，如：Shesuggestedusforgivinghim.她建議我們原諒他。(作賓語)HisnotknowingEnglishbroughthimalotofinconvenience．他不懂英語，這給他帶來許多麻煩。(作主語)OuronlyworryisGeorge’soverestimatinghimself.我們唯一擔(dān)心的就是喬治高估了他自己。(作表語)Istronglyobjecttoyourdeliveringthespeech.我強(qiáng)烈反對你發(fā)表講話。(作介詞賓語)三、動(dòng)名詞的用法1.動(dòng)名詞作主語Retellingstoriesisveryuseful．復(fù)述故事是很有用的。Herresigningsurprisesus．她的辭職讓我們很驚訝。在一些句子中，常用it作形式主語，將動(dòng)名詞放在句子后面。此類句型有：1)Itis+nouse/nogood/nofun/agreatpleasure/awasteoftime等名詞+doingsth.Itisnogoodcrying.哭沒有好處。Itisnousefixing.修也沒有用。Itisgreatfuntraveling.旅行很有趣。Itisawasteoftimeplayingcomputergames.玩電腦游戲是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。2)Itis+useless+doingsth.Itisuselesscrying.哭沒有用。②動(dòng)名詞作表語Seeingisbelieving.百聞不如一見。Myideaismakingaplanfirst.我的想法是先做一個(gè)計(jì)劃出來。③動(dòng)名詞作賓語動(dòng)名詞既可作動(dòng)詞賓語也可作介詞賓語，如：Ihaven'tfinishedreadingtoday'snewspaper．我還沒讀完今天的報(bào)紙。(動(dòng)名詞reading作動(dòng)詞finish的賓語)I'mafraidofgoingtothedentist．我害怕去看牙醫(yī)。(動(dòng)名詞going作介詞of的賓語)④動(dòng)名詞作定語Iwouldliketochooseahousewithaswimmingpool.我想選個(gè)帶游泳池的房子。四、動(dòng)名詞與不定式的比較①動(dòng)名詞可以作介詞的賓語，還可被名詞所有格(或物主代詞）修飾；不定式通常不作介詞賓語，更不能被名詞所有格(或物主代詞)修飾。Sheisafraidofgoingtothedentist．(√)Sheisafraidoftogotothedentist．(×)她害怕去看牙醫(yī)。②固定用法1）某些動(dòng)詞后只能加動(dòng)名詞，常見的此類動(dòng)詞有：admit，avoid，consider，delay，deny，enjoy，escape，finish，include，keep，miss，stop，suggest，giveup等，如：Ienjoydancing．(√)lenjoytodance．(×)我喜歡跳舞。2）某些動(dòng)詞后只能加不定式，常見的此類動(dòng)詞有：agree，ask，claim，choose，decide，demand，determine，expect，fail，hope，manage，offer，promise，quit，refuse，resolve，wish等，如：ldecidetoquitsmoking．(√)ldecidequittingsmoking．(X)我決定戒煙。3）某些動(dòng)詞后面既可加動(dòng)名詞也可加不定式，常她的此類動(dòng)詞有：attempt，begin，continue，deserve，fear，forget，help，intend，learn，like，love，mean，need，prefer，regret，remember，start，try等，如：Shecannothelpcrying．她不禁哭了起來。Shecannothelptocook．她不能幫忙做飯。五、動(dòng)名詞固定搭配1.consider考慮2.practice練習(xí)3.imagine想象4.finish完成5.giveup放棄6.enjoy喜歡7.keep一直8.putoff推遲9.admit承認(rèn)10.suggest建議11.risk冒險(xiǎn)12.advise建議13.allow允許14.avoid避免15.appreciate感謝16.delay拖延17.deny否認(rèn)18.escape逃脫19.dislike不喜歡20.discuss討論21.excuse原諒22.fancy想象/喜愛23.mind介意24.mention提及25.forbid禁止26.miss錯(cuò)過27.prohibit禁止/阻止28.permit允許練習(xí)題一、單項(xiàng)選擇1．—Jim,let’s________volleyball.—That________good.ButImustfinish________myhomework.A．playing;sounds;doing B．play;sounds;doingC．play;sound;does D．plays;sound;doing2．Keepon________hard,andyourdreamwillcometrueoneday.A．work B．towork C．working D．worked3．Asteenagers,weshouldsaynoto________toomuchcomputergames.A．playing B．play C．played D．plays4．Nobodywhowastedfoodcanavoid_________afterthenewlawcomesout.A．beingpunished B．punishing C．topunish D．tobepunished5．Anythingworth_______isworthyof_______well.A．doing;bedoing B．doing;doing C．tobedone;tobedone D．doing;beingdone6．Nooneenjoys________,sopleaseshowyourrespect.A．laughingat B．beinglaughedat C．tolaughat D．tobelaughedat7．Heapologizedfor________toattendthemeetingontime.A．hisnotbeingable B．hisbeingnotableC．notbeable D．thathe’snotable8．Childrencankeephealthy________toomuchmeat.A．withnoteating B．notbyeating C．notwitheating D．bynoteating9．I’msorrytohearthatyouhavelostthegoodchance.Iregret________you.A．havingnotcalled B．nottocall C．tocall D．nothavingcalled10．—It’scoldtoday.Wouldyoumind________thewindows?—Ofcoursenot.A．toclosebyme B．weclosing C．myclosing D．Iclose11．Ourteacheradvisesus________hardinsteadof________toomuchtimeplayinggames.A．work;spend B．towork;spend C．work;spending D．towork;spending12．—Excuseme,sir.Smoking________inthegasstation.—Oh,I’mreallysorry.A．doesn’tallow B．isn’tallowed C．a(chǎn)ren’tallowed D．didn’tallow13．Mymotherhasgood________habits,butI________.A．eat；don’t B．eating；haven’tC．eats；haven’t D．eating；don’t二、用所給單詞的正確形式填空14．Today,therearemanyrobots(serve)intherestaurant.15．Look!Thechildrenarehavingfun(paint)theirfacesfortheHalloweenparty.16．Tomisgoodat(make)shoes.17．Everythingworthwaspastandgone.There’snothingtoregretnow.(regret)18．Iffishermenkeep(fish),thebirdswillhavenofoodtoeat.19．SamisfromAmerica.Heisgoodat(speak)En