四川省成都市2023-2024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期備考期末英語模擬試卷1（含答案）

四川省成都市2023-2024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期備考期末英語模擬試卷注意事項：1．答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在答題卡上。2．回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號。回答非選擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。3．考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分閱讀［共兩節(jié)，滿分50分］第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。A篇Urbangardensarevaluablepropertytocommunities.Theyprovidegreencestogrowsustainablefood，buildcommunitycohesion（凝聚力），makenewfriends,connectwiththeearth,andmuchmore.So,let'scheckoutourlistoffourinspiringurbangardensintheUS.GothamGreensWhere:NewYork&ChicagoWhat:GothamGreensfirststartedinBrooklynandnowhasfourlocationsinNewYorkCityandChicago.TheirflagshipfarminBrooklynproducesover100,000poundsofgreensperyear.Butitdoesn'tjustproducehealthylocalvegetables.Itisusinghigh-techgreenhouseswithsolarpanelstomakesurethefoodgrownishealthyandsustainable.BaltimoreUrbanGardeningwithStudentsWhere:Baltimore,MarylandWhat:TheBaltimoreUrbanGardeningwithStudents(BUGS)programencouragesstudentstogettheirhandsdirtyandplantvegetablesthroughtheirafter-schoolandsummerprograms:Manyofthesekidsdon'thaveaccesstogreences,andhaveneverhadtheopportunitytogrowfood.RevisionUrbanFarmWhere:Boston,MassachusettsWhat:RevisionUrbanFarminBostonworksinpartnershipwiththeRevisionFamilyHome-ashelterfor22homelessparentsandtheirkids.Thefarmprovidesthesefamilieswithinformationonhealthyeating,andaccesstothefarm'sfreshvegetables.Theorganizationalsoprovidesjobtrainingtohelpfamiliesescapethecycleofpoverty.SwaleWhere:NewYorkWhat:Swale,afloatingfoodforestlocatedonalargeboat,isaninnovativeprojectmeanttoinspirecitizenstorethinktherelationshipbetweenourcitiesandourfood.Thisurbangardenservesasbothalivingartexhibitandaneducationalfarm.Foodforestsaresustainablegardensthatincludevegetables,fruit,nuttrees,bushes,herbs,andvine-eachonecomplementingtheotherinasymbiotic(共生的)relationship.()1.WhatisspecialaboutGothamGreens?A.Itprovidesjobtrainingforstudents.B.Itoffershomelessfamiliesinformationonhealthyeating.C.Itcreatesasustainablegardenonalargeboat.D.Ituseshigh-techgreenhousestogrowhealthyfood.()2.Whichurbangardenoffersfirst-handfarmingexperience?A.GothamGreens.B.RevisionUrbanFarm.C.BaltimoreUrbanGardeningwithStudents.D.Swale.()3.Whatdothesefoururbangardenshaveincommon?Theyareinspirationalmultinationalproject.Theyhaveeducationalandentertainingpurpose.C.Theycreatejobopportunitiesforfarmers.D.Theyareimportantforcitizens.B篇Asageothermal(地?zé)?scientist，Iknowthatboilingriversexist-buttheyarealwaysnearvolcanoes.Youneedalotofheattomakethatmuchwaterboil.Wewereworkinginthevolcanicgap,a950-mile-longareathatcoversmostofPeru,wheretherehaven'tbeenvolcaniceruptionsforthepasttwomillionyears.Yet,we'dfoundtheShanaya,anameoriginatedfrom“heatingthing”.MymeasurementsF.Theged190F-195°F.Thelocalsthinkit'ssohotbecauseoftheYacumama,or“watermother”-aspiritwhogivesbirthtowaters-representedbyasnakehead-shapedrockattheoriginoftheheatedwater.Ihadtocutmywaythroughthebushatthesideoftherivertotaketemperaturereadings.Allthewhile,rightnexttomewasthisveryhot,fast-flowingbodyofwater.Afriendatthenearestvillagehadtoldme,“Useyourfeetlikeeyes.Youcan'tseeheat,butyoucanfeelitwhenyoustepnearit."Iworesandals(涼鞋).Iwasatapartoftherivermeasuring210°F,standingonarockthesizeofasheetorpaper,whentherainfell.Itwaslikeacurtainrising.Thetemperaturedifferencebetweentherainandtherivercausedawhiteout(臨時性失明).Icouldn'tsee,butIwhistledtoletmypartnerknowIwasOK.At130°F,fleshcooks,andthewateraroundmewasnearingtwicethat.Myeyeswouldhavecookedinlessthanaminute,andIcouldn'thaveseenhowtogetout.Isawratsfallin,theireyesturningmilkywhite.Ikeptwhistling.After15minutestherainstoppedandthesteamcleared.Aheavyraininmostsituationswouldhavebeennothingimportant.Here,foramatterofminutes,itthinnedthelinebetweenresearchingandbeingboiledalive.()4.Whatdothelocalsthinkcausesthewatersohot?A.Thehightemperature.B.Animaginarycreature.C.Thevolcaniceruptions.D.Thegeologicalconditions.()5.Whydidtheauthorcuthiswaythroughthebushbesidetheriver?A.Togetsomerelateddata.B.Tolookintowildlifearoundtheriver.C.Toknowaboutthequalityofthewater.D.Toappreciatethebeautifulscenerythere.()6.Forwhatreasondidtheauthorwhistlewhenitrained?A.Hewasintrouble.B.Hecouldstandonarock.C.Nothingwaswrongwithhim.D.Helikedthenaturalphenomenon.()7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.AHardRainB.MilkyWhiteEyesC.BoilingRiverD.WaternearVolcanoesC篇Inaseriesofstudies,researchersfoundhighlytraineddogsmaybemoresuccessfulthanuntrainedpetsinindependentlysolvingnewly-presentedproblems.Researchershavediscoveredthatoneofthefactorsunderlyingthisprocessmaybepersistence(堅持).Itinvolvesreinforcement,theprinciplethatbehaviorsthatarerewardedbecomestrongerandmorefrequent.Theothersideofthisisextinction,whichreferstothefactthatbehaviorsthatarenotrewardedgrowweakerandbecomelesslikelytoappear.Whenextinctionsetsin,theanimalwillsimplyquitbeforetheproblemissolved.Itispossiblethathighlytraineddogshavelearnedtopersistandthushavedevelopedresistancetoextinction,whichwouldmakethembetterproblemsolvers.Inthisrecentstudy,theresearcherslookedat26adultdogsdividedintotwogroups,“traineddogs”and“petdogs”.Thereweretwotasksthatthedogsweretestedon.Onewasasociallearningtaskwherethedoghadtolearntolookdirectlyintotheexperimenter'seyes.Everytimethedogstaredattheexperimenter'sface,theyreceivedatreat(reinforcement)Oncethedogswereperformingthistask,theextinctionstagebegan,andthestaringbehaviorwasnolongerrewardedinordertoseehowpersistentthenewlylearnedbehaviorwas.Thesecondtaskfocusedonproblemsolving.Itinvolvedaflatdiskthathadboneshapedplasticbones.Thedogshadtolearntoremovetheplasticbonestoobtainthetreathidingundereachone.Aftertheseriesofrewardedtrials,theextinctionstagebegan,andnomorereinforcementswereprovidedforremovingthebones.Inthesociallearningtask,thetraineddogsgazedattheexperimentersmorethanthepetdogsduringextinction.Whileintheproblem-solvingtask,thetraineddogspickedupalargernumberofbonesduringextinction.Inotherwords,fordogswhohadbeentrained,theirnewlylearnedbehaviorspersistedlongerandwerestrongerthanthebehaviorsofthepetdogswhoreceivednotraininginanyarea.()8.Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopic?A.Bystatingafact.B.Byraisingadoubt.C.Bymakinganassumption.D.Bypresentingaconclusion.()9.Whichofthefollowingcanbeseenas“reinforcement”?A.Chainingadogupwhilewalkingiteveryday.B.Givingagoatsomegrasseverytimeitstandsup.C.Puttingafishbackintothepooleverytimeitjumpsout.D.Yellingatacateverytimeitfailstocatchamouse.()10.Howcandogsbenefitfromtrainingintheexperiment?A.Theirnewlylearnedbehaviorslastlonger.B.Theycangrowstrongerthanuntraineddogs.C.Theyaremorelikelytolivelonger.D.Theyarebetterathelpingtheirfriends.()l1.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.HowresearcherscarryoutanimalexperimentsB.Whytraineddogsdon’tgiveupeasilyC.WhypersistentdogsmakebetterpetsD.HowtopickoutasuitablepetdogD篇Withthegrowingtrendoflisteningtostoriesonmeditationapps(冥想應(yīng)用)，traveltales-sometimesfeaturingsurroundingsoundsofplacessuchasrainforestsinBorneo-arehelpingpeoplegetrestfulsleep.Imagineavoicesoftlytellingaslistenersclosetheireyesandsnuggledownintheirbeds.Areyoupayingattention?Actually,itdoesn'tmatter.AccordingtotheCDC,some70millionAmericansstrugglewithchronicsleepproblems.Tohelpwiththis,manyadultsarebringingbackbedtimestoriesthroughmeditationapps.NearlyathirdoftheCalmapp’s300bedtimestories,whichhavebeenlistenedtomorethan450milliontimes,areabouttravel.Some45ofthebedtimestoriesontheappBreethearetravel-related.Earlierthisyear,halfofthetop10bedtime,storiesweretravel-themed.Travelbedtimestoriesaretypicallyanaudioretellingofatripandrelyheavilyondescriptions,withoccasionalsurroundingnoiseslikeoceanwaves,traintracks,orsoftmusic.Trainstoriesareparticularlypopularatbedtime."Youneedmovementinabedtimestory-ifthingsarestatic(靜止的)，it'stoodullandthelistenerwillgetrestless,"saysMarthaBayless,aprofessorattheUniversityofOregon’sFolkloreandPublicCultureProgram.“Butthemovementhastobenon-threateningandsoothing.Thetrainistheperfectvehicleforsleep,engagingthesensesinagentleway."“Onepossiblereasonwhytravelbedtimestoriescalmourbrainsismirrorneurons(鏡像神經(jīng)元),”saysRachelSalas,aneurologistatJohnsHoinsCenterforSleepandWellness.“Thesebraincellsmightcombineourownexperienceswithsomeoneelse's.Forexample,ataleoftraintravelcouldbringasenseofnostalgia(懷舊)forourownpastjourneys.Thecomfortingsenseofsomethingfamiliarcanhelpwithrelaxationandsleep.Additionally,thesoundofatrainchuggingalongthetracksservesasatypeofwhitenoisethatlullspeopletosleep,"Salasadds."Inmosttravelbedtimestories,nothingmuchhappens,"saysBayless.“Thebedtimestoriesareaboutthequietperiodbetweenadventures,whichiswhatsleepisalsoabout."()12.Inwhichaspectdopeoplebenefitfromtraveltales?A.Promotingsleep.B.Inspiringimagination.C.Improvingconcentration.D.Gainingtravelinformation.()13.WhatdothenumbersinParagraph2mainlyindicate?A.Mostadultssufferalotfromalackofsleep.B.Adequatequalitysleepisessentialtohumanhealth.C.Meditationappshelppeoplereducestresseffectively.D.Travel-relatedbedtimestoriesaremoreappealingtolisteners.()14.RachelSalas'swordsinParagraph4serveas________.A.evidenceofthesignificanceofmirrorneuronsB.anexplanationastowhytraveltaleshelpwithsleepC.adescriptionofadventuroustravelexperiencesD.ananalysisofhowsleepaffectspeople’smemory()15.Inwhichsectionofanewpermaythisarticleappear?A.TravelB.Opinion.C.Entertainment.D.Science.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Everysentencewespeakshowssomethingaboutwhoweareashumans.Evenpeoplespeakingthesamelanguagehavedistinctdialects.16Whetherpeoplesay“soda”or“popmayrevealwhatcountryandwhatregiontheyarefrom.Whatyoucallthenightbeforeaspecialfestivalmaytietoyourreligionbeliefs.17Plantsandanimalsthataregivennamesinanylanguagearegenerallythosethatarerelevanttopeoplespeakingthelanguage.Therelevancecomesfromthewaythatthepeoplehaveinteractedwiththeanimalsandplants.Insomecases,thishashappenedovercenturies.Whilewemightthinkoflanguageashavingafixedsetofwordsandrulesthatwelearninschool,infactlanguageisalwaysdeveloping.Newwordsemergewhileothersfalloutofuse.Pronunciationchangesovertime.Sodothemeaningsofwords.18Ourabilitytolearnlanguagedevelopswhenweareyoung.Soundsheardasinfants,oreveninthewomb(子宮),setthestageforlanguagelearninglater.Babycooing(咕咕叫)istheresultofbabies'analysisofthelanguagesspokentothem.19Childrenexposedtomultiplelanguagesearlyinlife,andgrowingupmultilingual,developenhancedcognitivefunctions.Thesemayincludetheabilitytofocusandignoredistractions.Languagesareasdiverseasthecommunitiesthatspeakthem.Eachoftheapproximately7,000worldlanguagesisaprooftoacommunity'suniquehumanexperience.Yet,manylanguagesaroundtheworldareendangered.Itispossiblethatasmanyashalfoftheworld'slanguagescouldgosilentbytheendofthiscentury.Why?20Buttheyboildowntosocialinequalitiesanddisrespectforothers.A.Babiesarepracticingthepronunciationofsoundsthattheyneedforcommunication.B.Languageschangewithtime.C.Thesearerootedintheirhistoryandculture.D.Whatkindofslang(俚語)youusemaycomefromthehabitsofyourfamily?E.Languagealsoshowstheconnectionsbetweenusandournaturalenvironment.F.Thereasonsarecomplex.G.Peoplealsoborrowwordsfromlanguagesotherthantheirowntoaddtotheirownvocabulary.16._______17.________18._________19.___________20.___________第二部分語言運用［共兩節(jié)，滿分30分］第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Yearsago，myhousewasbrokeninto.I21withthepoliceandwhenthey22mydoubtaboutmyneighbour,Jared,theyrolledtheireyes.“He’sgota(n)23already.Ifyouaccuse(起訴)Jared,hewill24tojuveniledetention(少管所)untilhe's21."Iaskedthepoliceto25untilIcouldspeakwithJared.WhenJaredsawme,hiseyeswerefilledwithfear,26anoteofregret.Iseizedthemoment."WemeetforonehoureverySaturdayfortenmonths.We’llspendahalf-houronhomeworkandahalf-hour27anythingyoulike.Butyoumustcommit,andyoumust28themoneyyoustole."Hetooktheoffer.Tomy29,heshowedupinthequiet,appointedplaceeverySaturday.SaturdayafterSaturdaywesat,we30,andIlistened.Ilearnedabouthisbrokenfamily,theambitionsthatseemedfarbeyondhis31toworktoward,andhislackofmeaningfulconnectionswithothers.Herepaidthemoneytome.Whenthetenmonthsended,I32myhandtoJared,"That'sit.Thankyou."Helaidhishandinmine,33,andlookedatme.“That'sit?"herepeated.“Yeah,"Isaid.Later,webecamegoodfriends.Whateverproblemsourneighbourshad,hewasreadytohelpthem.Youngpeoplesometimesmakeus34withtheirbehaviour,butasanadult,ourpositiveguidancemaymakeagreat35totheirwholelife.()21.A.livedB.spokeC.playedD.combined()22.A.knewB.removedC.announcedD.refused()23.A.interestB.bookC.recordD.reward()24.A.replyB.writeC.referD.go()25.A.giveupB.holdoffC.lookaroundD.carryon()26.A.usingB.sharingC.showingD.asking()27.A.talkingaboutB.turningdownC.lookingforD.thinkingabout()28.A.forgetB.ownC.rememberD.repay()29.A.delightB.angerC.anxietyD.sadness()30.A.agreedB.chattedC.shoutedD.cried()31.A.choiceB.willingnessC.healthD.cleverness()32.A.clappedB.wavedC.offeredD.lent()33.A.doubtfulB.calmC.upsetD.cold()34.A.happyB.disappointedC.curiousD.thankful()35.A.differenceB.decisionC.apologyD.effort第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。AlaskaAirlinesannounceditwillbecomethefirstU.S.airlinetolaunchanelectronicbagtag(標(biāo)簽)programlaterthisyear.Thetagsaresmallprogrammabledeviceswithe-paperdisplaysthataredesigned36(replace)thepapertagscurrentlyinuse.ThenewprogramwillinitiallyfocusonSanJoseInternationalAirportinCalifornia.Theairlineplanstoinitiallygiveout2,500ofthetags37freetoitsfrequentfliers,andthetags38(be)availabletopurchasebyMileagePlanmembersnextyear.Theelectronicbagtagswillallowgueststoskipthestepofprinting39(tradition)bagtagsuponarrivalattheairport.Instead,guestscanactivatethedevicesfrom40(place)liketheirhomes,officesorcars-upto24hoursbeforetheirflight41(use)theAlaskaAirlinesmobileapp.Theactivationisdoneby42(simple)touchingthephoneusedforcheck-intotheelectronicbagtag,43hasanantenna(天線)thatpowersandreadstheinformationtransmittedfromthephone.Comparedtoapreviousversiontestedin2015,44newtagis“battery-less”andneverneedstoberecharged."Thedeviceswillallowouremployeestospendmoretimewithguestswhoaskfor45(assist),"saidCharuJain,seniorvicepresidentofmerchandisingandinnovationatAlaskaAirlines.36.________.37.__________.38._________.39.__________.40.____________.41.________.42.__________.43._________.44.__________.45.____________.第三部分寫作［共兩節(jié)，滿分40分］第一節(jié)（滿分15分）假設(shè)你是李華,你的英國好友Jim即將來北京,并打算游覽北京古代建筑,他發(fā)來郵件詢問相關(guān)信息。請你給他回復(fù)一封郵件,內(nèi)容包括:(1)你的推薦;(2)說明理由。注意:(1)詞數(shù)80左右;(2)開頭和結(jié)尾已給出,不計人總詞數(shù)。DearJim,_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua第二節(jié)（滿分25分）閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右。IstoodbythewindowsofourMoscowapartmentandlookedoutside.Oldbuildingsblockedmostofthegraywintersky,andthegroundbelowwasbrownwithdirtysnow.Inoticedawomancrossingthestreet,herfacecoveredwithathickscarf.Idrewthecurtains,turnedonthelight,andsatdownonmybedwithabook.Thephonerang.Afteraminute,Iheardmymumsay,“Sure!Marinawouldlovethat.Seeyousoon."Whowasthat?Iwondered.AndwhatwasIsupposedtolove?Mamawalkedintomyroomandopenedthecurtainswideagain."Timetogetup,Marina.UncleGenaistakingyoutorrowHills."“Butit'sfreezingout,”Icried.“You’llhavefun,”Mamasaid.Ishookmyhead,“Notinthisweather.”Duringthesummer,IlovedgoingtorrowHills,eatingstrawberryicecreamandwalkingthroughtheparkbyMoscowStateUniversity.Butgoingthereonthiscoldwintermorning?“Getready,”Mamasaid.“UncleGenawillbeheresoon."Islowlypulledonabluesweater.Toosoon,thedoorbellrang.WhenMamaopenedthedoor,UncleGenaputhisbackpackdownandhuggedme.UncleGenastoodstraightandtall.Eveninthedepthsofthelongwinter,hisfacewassunburntfromskiingandmountainclimbing.HeturnedtoMamaandhuggedher,to“Doyouhaveatravelmug(旅行杯)?”“Sure,”saidMama.“Wouldyouliketeaorcoffeeinit?"“Justanemptyone."Heputthetravelmuginhisbackpackandsmiledatme.“Ready,Marina?""Iguess."Ibuttonedmycoatuptomynoseandpulledonawarmwoolenhat.WecrossedthestreetandwalkeddownthestepsofthestationtocatchthetraintorrowHills.Marblewallsandashinyfloormadethestationlooklikeapalaceofice.Fortunately,itwaswarmerinthestation.Thetrainrushedintothestation,anoilsmellfillingtheair.Whenthedoorsopened,weclimbedaboard.注意:所續(xù)寫的短文詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右;2.請按如下格式在相應(yīng)位置作答。Paragraph1:Beforelong,wearrivedatthefootofrrowHills._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2:Wefinallyarrivedatthetopofthehill._______________________________________________________________________________________________