Unit+3+Sea+Exploration+Period+2+Review+Useful+Structures-高二英語人教版（2019）選擇性必修第四冊

人教選擇性必修第四冊Unit3ReviewUsefulStructures12Toreviewandconsolidatetheuseofinfinitive

Tomastertheuseofinfinitiveinthespecificcontext目標(biāo)一：ToreviewandconsolidatetheuseofinfinitiveActivity1:Findallthesentencescontaininginfinitivesinthereadingpassage.Thenmarktheirfunctions.1Asthesubject(S) 主語

2Asthepredicative(P) 表語3Astheobject(O) 賓語

4Astheobjectcomplement(OC) 賓補(bǔ)5Astheattributive(Attr) 定語

6Astheadverbial(Ad) 狀語SuggestedAnswersTocompletethegreatmapoftheworldwasastrongpassionfor...MarcoPolo’stalesinspiredEuropeanexplorerstosearchforsearoutesfromwesttoeast.Here,merchantsfromChinaandmanyotherplacesmettonegotiatetradedeals...Thesefleetswereasighttobeholdandwereinaleagueoftheirownatthattime.Toreachoutacrossthesearemainsastrongdesiretoday.Theaimofthisinitiativeistoencouragecooperationand...Tradinghasgrowngreatly...,andwillcontinuetodosoinyearstocome.(S)(OC)(Ad)(Attr)(P)(O;Attr)(S)...whichwillhelptogreatlydevelopthewholeareaforthebenefitoffuturetradeandculturalexchange....therearestillmanyotherplaceslefttoexplore....ChinahasjoinedothernationsonseveralexpeditionstoexploretheArctic....thereisanurgentneedtostudytheArcticinordertounderstandclimatechangeanditseffects....theneedtotradeandthedesiretoenhancerelationshipswilldriveChinatoreachoutacrosstheseafarintothefuture.(Attr)(O)(Attr;Ad)(Attr)(Attr;Attr;OC)Whatcananinfinitivefunctionas?Whataretheformsofinfinitives?SummaryTheinfinitives

不定式不定式是非謂語動(dòng)詞的一種，在句中可以作除謂語以外的其他成分，如主語、賓語、表語、賓補(bǔ)、定語、狀語等。e.g.

Tosayisonething;todoisanother.Hewantstoknowhismother’ssecret.Mydreamistowriteabookaboutmylife.Theprofessoraskedherassistanttomakeadetailedplan.ThebestplacetovisitinMayismyhometown.Ireturnedhomeonlytofindshehadleft.不定式的用法不定式作主語和賓語2.常跟不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞：agree,aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand,desire,determine,expect,fail,intend,learn,plan,manage,offer,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,threaten,wish1.當(dāng)主語較長、謂語較短時(shí)，常用it作形式主語，而將不定式放到謂語的后面。e.g.

Itwaswiseofyoutorefusehisinvitation.注意：1）有些動(dòng)詞既可跟不定式，又可跟v.-ing形式作賓語，但意義有所區(qū)別。這類動(dòng)詞有remember,forget,regret,try,mean等。remember/forget/regrettodo記得/忘記/遺憾去做……remember/forget/regretdoing記得/忘記/遺憾做了……trytodo 盡力去做……trydoing 嘗試著做……meantodo 打算做……meandoing 意味著做……

e.g.I’msorrytohavedonethat.Ididn’tmeantobesorude.Thatdoesn’tmeanreadingittooslowly.不同意義和用法need/want(想要)todosth.need/want(需要)/require(需要)+doing=need/want(需要)/require(需要)+tobedone

(v.-ing主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義)2）這三個(gè)詞need,want,require既可跟不定式，又可跟v.-ing形式作賓語，但意義和用法不同。e.g.Theflowerswant/need/requirewateringonceaweek.Theflowerswant/needtobewateredonceaweek.不定式作定語1.被only,last,next以及序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾的名詞常用不定式作定語。

e.g.

Ritawastheonlypersontocomplain.HewasthefirstmantoflyacrosstheAtlantic.Tomisthebestmantodothejob.2.有些名詞后面常接不定式作定語，如ability,chance,desire,decision,effort,intention,need,opportunity,plan,promise,pressure,right,time,way等。

e.g.Aftermonthsofunemployment,allheaskedforwasachancetoearnhisbread.不定式作狀語1.不定式作狀語，常表示目的、原因、結(jié)果等。e.g.Theyweregladtoseetheirsontakengoodcareofinthekindergarten.

Tocatchthebus,Igotupatsixthismorning．Ijumpedwithjoytohearit.2.不定式作結(jié)果狀語時(shí)，常用于“only+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示未曾預(yù)料到的或令人不快的結(jié)果。

e.g.Afriendofminecametosee

metonight.Alanliftedarockonlytodropitonhisownfeet.不定式作補(bǔ)語advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,intend,invite,like,love,order,persuade,prefer,remind,require,teach,tell,want,warn,wish,waitfor,callon,dependon1.跟不定式作補(bǔ)語的動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞詞組：e.g.We’retryingto

persuade

manufacturerstosellthemhere.2.感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞后常接省to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，但在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中，作主語補(bǔ)足語的不定式to不能省略。e.g.SomeonesawMaryenter

thebuildingaboutthetimethecrimewascommitted.→Marywasseentoenterthebuildingaboutthetimethecrimewascommitted.不定式的構(gòu)成與形式動(dòng)詞不定式主動(dòng)被動(dòng)用法一般時(shí)todotobedone表示動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之后完成時(shí)tohavedonetohavebeendone表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前進(jìn)行時(shí)tobedoing/表示謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí),不定式的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行完成進(jìn)行時(shí)tohavebeendoing/表示其動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前并且一直在進(jìn)行目標(biāo)二：TomastertheuseofinfinitiveinthespecificcontextActivity1:Jointhewordstomakesentencesusinginfinitives.Thendecidethefunctionofeachinfinitive.EXAMPLE

Itisfun/visitanaquarium/insummer→Itisfuntovisitanaquariuminsummer.(S)1He/encouragedme/participateinthesurfingcompetition2Thestorm/seems/begettingcloser3Magellan/wasthefirstperson/sailaroundtheworld4TheUNpeacekeepingforce/aims/maintainpeaceandpreventarmedconflicts5Thecrowd/stood/applaud/scientists/fortheirimportantoceanresearchwork6Itisagoodidea/tax/plasticbottles/sothatpeopleusethemless7TheJiaolongmannedsubmersible/issaid/beable/reach7kmunderwater8Itremains/beseen/whetherornothiscapsulecanworksAnswers1.Heencouragedmetoparticipateinthesurfingcompetition.

(OC)2.Thestormseemstobegettingcloser.

(P)3.Magellanwasthefirstpersontosailaroundtheworld.

(Attr)4.TheUNpeacekeepingforceaimstomaintainpeaceandpreventarmedconflicts. (O)5.Thecrowdstoodtoapplaudscientistsfortheirimportantoceanresearchwork.

(Ad)6.Itisagoodideatotaxplasticbottlessothatpeopleusethemless.

(Attr)7.TheJiaolongmannedsubmersibleissaidtobeabletoreach7kmunderwater.

(O;O)8.Itremainstobeseenwhetherornothiscapsulecanwork.

(O)Activity2:ReadthebeginningofTheLittleMermaidandusetheproperformsoftheverbsinbracketstofillintheblanks.Faroutintheocean,wherethewaterisasclearasglass,livestheSeaKing.Theoceanistoodeep_________(measure).Wemayimaginethereisnothingexceptyellowsandunderthesea,butactuallyitisnotrare______(see)themostuniqueflowersandplants_______(dance)inthefast-movingwater.InthedeepestspotofallstandstheSeaKing’scastle,whichhaswallsofcoralandaroof______(form)ofbeautifulshells.

Themotheroftheking,awisewomanwhoisproud_____________(be)bornintotheroyalfamily,takescareofhissixdaughters.Amongthesixsea-princesses,theyoungestistheprettiest.

tomeasure

tosee

dancing

tohave

beenformedAlthoughshehasdelicateskinlikearose-leafandeyesasblueasthedeepestsea,shehasnofeetbutafishtailjustlikehersisters.Themostcommonwayfortheprincesses______(play)alldaylo