高中英語(yǔ)Unit 3 Computers Learning about Language 課件

Unit3ComputersLearningaboutLanguage構(gòu)成：have/has+過(guò)去分詞含義:1.表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。ThePresentPerfectTense

(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）2.不僅單純表示一個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，而且還表示該動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的某種影響以及產(chǎn)生的后果；既涉及過(guò)去，又聯(lián)系現(xiàn)在。即現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作并非“現(xiàn)在”完成，而是“過(guò)去”完成，并重在強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作完成的結(jié)果與影響。常與already,always,often,ever,never,yet,not...yet,just等不表示明確的時(shí)間副詞連用,還可以和表示時(shí)間一直延續(xù)到目前的帶since,for的狀語(yǔ)及包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的詞連用。例如:now,today,thismonth,thisyear,recently,thesefewdays等。Ihaveboughtanewcar.(“我”“已經(jīng)購(gòu)買(mǎi)”，“已經(jīng)擁有”，重在強(qiáng)調(diào)“有”的結(jié)果與影響。)Ihavelivedhereforeightyears.（表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，可以和表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)）的一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。）ThePresentPerfectPassiveVoice現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去,到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在仍有影響,其構(gòu)成是:否定式：have/hasnotbeendone疑問(wèn)式:have/has+主語(yǔ)+beendone肯定式：have/hasbeen+done注意只有及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，不及物動(dòng)詞（詞組）沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),如:happen,takeplace,die,appear,disappear,fail,remain,lie,last,sit,stand,breakout,cometrue,belongto等。例如：What

hashappened

toyourbrother?2．但許多不及物動(dòng)詞加介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，也可以有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。但動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)是一個(gè)不可分割的整體，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，不可丟掉構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)的介詞或副詞。例如：（1）Thechildhasbeentakengoodcare

of

byhisgrandmaalltheseyears.（2）Anoticehasbeenput

uponthewall.3.一些特殊動(dòng)詞,如borrow,finish,begin,buy,start,return,marry,open,join等構(gòu)成的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。若要表達(dá)相應(yīng)的意思，則需改換動(dòng)詞或時(shí)態(tài)。例如：Mybrotherhashad(不能用hasbought)thisbikeforalmostfouryears.Howlonghasthisbookbeenbought?()Howlongagowasthisbookbought?()×√Changethefollowingsentencesintothepresentperfectpassivevoice.Puttheverbsintothecorrectform.Wehaveboughtanewpersonalcomputer.2.Wehavefoundmanyproblemswithournewcomputer.Anewpersonalcomputerhasbeenboughtbyus.Manyproblemshavebeenfoundwithournewcomputerbyus.3.TheyhavebuiltaPCthewaywewanted.4.TheyhavejustjoinedourcomputertotheInternet.5.Wehaveusedthecomputereverydaysinceweboughtit.6.Wehavewrittenalotofe-mailsonthecomputerinthepastyears.APChasbeenbuiltthewaywewantedbythem.OurcomputerhasbeenjoinedtotheInternetbythem.Thecomputerhasbeenusedbyuseverydaysinceweboughtit.Alotofe-mailshavebeenwrittenonthecomputerinthepastyearsbyus.isplayedWasheasked把下列主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)化為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):1.Peopleplayfootballallovertheworld.Football__________allovertheworldbypeople.2.Didtheyaskhimsomequestions?_____________anyquestionsbythem?hasbeenbrokenwasforgivenShouldbedone3.Whohasbrokenthewindow?Bywhom_____thewindow________________?4.Youforgavehimhisrudeness,didn'tyou?He_________________hisrudenessbyyou,wasn'the?5.Shouldwedotheworktodayortomorrow?________thework__________todayortomorrowbyus?belookedisbeingbuiltwillbelenttowillbelent6.Weoughtnottolookdownuponthisjob.Thisjoboughtnotto_________downuponbyus.7.Theworkersarebuildinganewroad.Anewroad___________bytheworkers.8.Tomwilllendmeacamera.Acamera____________mebyTom.I___________acamerabyTom.waswarnedwasmade9.TheywarnedMarythatthedogwasdangerous.Mary____________thatthedogwasdangerousbythem.10.Thefarmermadethehorseworkthewholeday.Thehorse________toworkthewholedaybythefarmer.1.—What’shappeninginthenewarea?—Newhouses_______recentlyoverthere.A.arebuiltB.builtC.havebuiltD.havebeenbuilt【即學(xué)即練】【解析】選D。句意：——在新地區(qū)發(fā)生什么事了？——最近新房子已經(jīng)在那里建起來(lái)了。主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的關(guān)系為被動(dòng)，故排除B、C兩項(xiàng)。recently常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。2.Thereisapolicecarinfrontofourneighbor’shouse.Whatdoyousuppose_______?A.didhappenB.hashappenedC.ishappenD.hasbeenhappened【解析】選B。句意：在我們鄰居的房前有一輛警車(chē)。你認(rèn)為發(fā)生什么事了？根據(jù)句意，時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)和現(xiàn)在有關(guān)，故排除A項(xiàng)。happen無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。C項(xiàng)形式不正確。3.Thisisoneofthehighestbuildingsthat

inourcityrecently.【2012重慶高一檢測(cè)】

aresetupB.isputupC.havebeensetup

D.havebeenputup【解析】選C。句意：這是最近在我們城市建的最高的大樓之一。setup為“建設(shè)；建立”；putup為“張貼；舉起；搭建”。根據(jù)主語(yǔ)和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，可排除A、B兩項(xiàng)。4.The

construction

of

the

two

new

railway

lines_________by

now.【2012漢中高一檢測(cè)】A.has

completed

B.have

completedC.have

been

completed

D.has

been

completed【解析】選D。句意：這兩條新鐵路線的建設(shè)到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完工了。根據(jù)句意應(yīng)為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)故排除A、B兩項(xiàng)。主語(yǔ)是construction，為單數(shù)，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。5.EveryyearafloodoffarmersarriveinShenzhenforthemoney-makingjobsthey____beforeleavingtheirhometowns.【2010福建，28】A.promisedB.werepromisedC.havepromisedD.havebeenpromised【解析】選D。句意：每年大批農(nóng)民到達(dá)深圳去尋找在他們離開(kāi)之前被許諾的掙錢(qián)的工作。根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故排除A、C兩項(xiàng)。B項(xiàng)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)，和現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有任何關(guān)系，僅表示一個(gè)過(guò)去的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。題干中everyyear說(shuō)明和現(xiàn)在有