公共英語(yǔ)課件

UnitFive

WinningatAllCostsNewCenturyEnglish,BookIBackgroundInformationTheIllegalUseofDrugsTheimproperandillegaluseofdrugsandsubstancessuchassteroidsforthetemporaryenhancementofathleticperformanceincompetitionshasbeenasubjectofinquirysincethe1960s,whendrugmisusebyathletestogainunfairadvantagesrosedramatically.Anabolicsteroidsnotonlyenhancestrengthandendurancebutalsoproduceharmfulsideeffectssuchasliverdamage.TestsfornarcoticanalgesicsandstimulantssuchastheamphetamineswereintroducedattheOlympicGamesin1968.Anabolicsteroidswerenotbanneduntil1974,whenasuitabletestwasdeveloped.Controversyhasalsofocusedonthelegalityofblooddoping,inwhichanathletereceivesabloodtransfusionjustbeforeanevent.Theresultingincreaseinredbloodcellsapparentlyenhancestheathlete’saerobicpower.TheOlympicGamesTheOlympicGamesisaninternationalsportscompetition,heldeveryfouryearsatadifferentside,inwhichathletesfromdifferentnationscompeteagainsteachotherinavarietyofsports.TherearetwotypesofOlympics,theSummerOlympicsandtheWinterOlympics.Through1992theywereheldinthesameyear,butbeginningIn1994theywererescheduledsothattheyareheldinalternate

even-numberedyears.Forexample,theWinterOlympicswereheldin1995andtheSummerOlympicsin1996.TheWinterOlympicswerethenscheduledfor1998andtheSummerOlympicsfor2000.Therearealotofwaystokeepusfit,whichwaysdoyoulikemost?Whyorwhynot?DiscussionSomeideasAhealthydiet

PhysicalexerciseLivingconditionsTakingdrugsQuestionsWhydoathletesusemanykindsofdrugsallovertheworld?

Whycan’ttheyusesuchdrugsoveralongperiodoftime?

WinningatAllCost

Allovertheworld,manykindsofdrugsareusedbyathletes(competinginsports.)Someareusedtobuildmusclesorgivetheathleteextrastrength.Otherskillthepainofinjuriesorcalmnerves.Manyofthemhaveserioussideeffectsandharmfultothebodywhenusedoveralongperiodoftime.Someofthemareillegalandathletesarenotallowedtotakethembeforeanevent.Examples:

Wemuststopthepressfromfindingoutatallcosts.Thebridgemustberepairedwithinthreedaysatanycosts.atallcosts…

byanymeansnecessaryExamplesTheyweredemandingextrapayforextrawork.Thegovernmenthaspromisedanextra$1billionforhealthcare.extra

additionalExample:

Onesideeffectofmodernlifeisstress.Sleepingdrugsoftenhaveharmfulhabit-formingsideeffects.sideeffect

secondary,usu,unpleasantorunwantedeffectofdrugorasituationQuestionsWhydoathletesusemanykindsofdrugsallovertheworld?

Somewanttobuildmusclesorgetextrastrength.Otherswanttokillthepainsofinjuriesorcalmnerves.Whycan’ttheyusesuchdrugsoveralongperiodoftime?

Manyofthemhaveserioussideeffectsandwouldcausebodilyharm.

QuestionsDoestheuseofdrugshavethesameeffectsonallathletes?

WhywasBenJohnsontakenasanexample?

Therisksofdisqualificationandbodilydamageseemtohavelittleeffectonsomeathletes.PerhapsthemostfamousofthemallisBenJohnson.In1988,thisCanadianathletebecamethefastestmanintheworldrecordwhiledoingso.However,whenitwasprovedthathehadreliedondrugstogainthetitle.BenJohnsonwasstrippedofthemedalandsenthomeimmediately.Hewasbannedfrominternationalathleticsfrotwoyears.haveaneffectonhavetheresultofaparticularinfluenceonExampleThatdrinkhashadaneffectonhim.Itwasprovedthat…It+be+v-ed+thatclauseExampleItwasreportedthatabout1,000peoplediedintheearthquake.Itissaidthatanewgovernmentwillbesetup.Examples:

Youmustrelyonitthattheworkwillbefinishedaheadoftime.Theyrelyonaspringfortheirwater.relyon

haveconfidencein,trust;dependonstripoftakeaway(property,honor,etc)fromsomeoneExampleHewasstrippedofallhispossessions.Examples:

Thegovernmenthasbannedtheuseofchemicalweapons.Shewasbannedfromthemeeting.ban

forbidthedoingofQuestionsDoestheuseofdrugshavethesameeffectsonallathletes?

No,somedrugshavesideeffectsonmostathletes,buttheyhavelittleeffectonsomeathletes.WhywasBenJohnsontakenasanexample?

Hewasthemantowhomthedrughaddonelittleharm.QuestionsWhywasitnotnewforathletestotakesubstancesbeforeanevent?

WhydidathletesinancientEgyptdrinkthemixtureofleavesandrosepetalsbeforearace?

Takingsubstancestoimprovesportsperformancesisnotnew.AthletesinancientEgyptdrankamixtureofboiledleavesandrosepetalsbeforearace.Theseathletesbelievedthatthedrinkwouldmakethemwinnersoftheirevents.Thewinnerofthe200metersattheOlympicGamesof668B.C.inancientGreeceusedaspecialdietoffids.Examples:

Achemical/radioactivesubstanceWater,iceandsnowarethesamesubstanceindifferentforms.Thereissomesubstanceinwhathesays..Loveandguiltformthesubstanceofhisnewbook.substance

atypeofsolid,liquidorgasthathasparticularqualities;thequalityofbeingbasedonfactsorthetruth;themostimportantormainpartofsth.Examples:

Theperformancestartsatseven.Hecriticizedtherecentpoorperformanceofthecompany.Shehasshownenthusiasmintheperformanceofherduties.performance

theactofperformingaplay;howwellorbadlyyoudosth.;theactorprocessofperformingatask,anaction,etc.Examples:

Theatmosphereisamixtureofseveralgases.mixture

asetofsubstancesmixedtogetherQuestionsWhywasitnotnewforathletestotakesubstancesbeforeanevent?

BecauseathletesinancientEgyptdrankamixtureofboiledleavesandrosepetalsbeforearace.WhydidathletesinancientEgyptdrinkthemixtureofleavesandrosepetalsbeforearace?

Theybelievedthatthedrinkwouldmakethemwinnersoftheevents.QuestionsWhatdomostathletesusuallychoosetotakebeforeanevent?

Whatistheuseof“calmers”?

. Withthedevelopmentofmedicalscience,modernathleteshaveaneventwiderchoicewhenit

comestopillsanddrugsWhenitcomestoWhenitconcerns…ExampleJohnisnotgoodatsports,butwhenitcomestoEnglishheisthebestinhisclass.WhenitcomestorepairingcarsIknownothing.QuestionsWhatdomostathletesusuallychoosetotakebeforeanevent? Theyprobablyhaveawidechoiceofsubstances,suchaspillsanddrugs.Whatistheuseof“calmers”?

“Calmers”areusedtohelpsmokerplayersandarcherswhoneedsteadyhandsandcoolnerves.QuestionsWhatisthefunctionofstimulants?

Whydosomeathletesusestimulantsbeforeanevent?Manyathletestakestimulantstohelpthemperformwellincompetitions.Stimulantsmaketheuserfeelfullofenergyandconfidence.Ontheotherhand,theycanalsomakeapersonill-temperedandviolent.Althoughtheyareofficiallybannedinsports,itisaknownfactthatmanycyclists,basketballandfootballplayersarestimulantstomakethemmorecompetitive.Examples:

Itisaknownfactthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.Itisapitythatyoumissedthechance.Itisaknownfactthat…

Itis+n+thatclause

QuestionsWhatisthefunctionofstimulants? Thatmakestheuserfeelfullofenergyandconfidence.Whydosomeathletesusestimulantsbeforeanevent? Theysupposestimulantscanhelpthemperformwellincompetitions.QuestionsWhatotherdrugsdosomeathletesuse?

Whatistheuse“calmers”? Someathletesalsotakedrugsnormallyusedtorelievestresswhosufferfromhighbloodpressureorwhohaveheartproblems.Snookerplayers,archersandthosewhoshootincompetitionallneedsteadyhandsandcoolnerves.Itisbelievedthatsomeathleteshavetakenthese“calmers”forthesereasons.torelievestressinpatientsExamples:

TheaspirinrelievedmyheadacheManyhouseholdappliancescanrelievehousewivesoftheroutinechores..relieve

lessen(painortrouble);provideassistancetosufferfromexperiencephysicaloremotionalpainExampleSusansufferedagreatlosswhenherhouseburneddown.Heoftensufferfromshyness.QuestionsWhatotherdrugsdosomeathletesuse? Theyusedrugsthatarenormallyusedtorelievestressinpatientswhosufferfromhighbloodpressureorwhohaveheartproblem.Whatistheuse“calmers”?

“Calmers”areusedtotohelpsnookerplayersandarcherswhoneedsteadyhandsandcoolnerves.QuestionsWhenwillthedrugscauseserioushealthproblem?

Whatotherdamagesdostimulantssometimeshave?Allthesedrugscancauseserioushealthproblemsiftakeninlargedoses.Forexample,stimulantsareverydangerous.Theydonotcreateenergy—theytakeitfromthebody.Eventually,usersfeeltiredandwashedout.Thereisalsoadangerofhavingaheartattackwhendoinghardexercise.Thisisbecausepeoplewhotakestimulantsthinktheycankeepgoingandtheypushtheirbodiestoofar.ABritishcyclist,TommySimpson,andLenBias,anAmericanbasketballplayer,bothdiedfrom

anoverdoseofstimulants.washouttired;(ofrain)tomakeagame,anevent,etc.,endearlyorpreventitfromstartingExamplesShewaswashedoutafteralongday’swork.Thegamewascompletelywashedout.diefromdiebecauseofExamplesdiefromlackofadequatecareHediedfromachestwound.QuestionsWhenwillthedrugscauseserioushealthproblem? Iftheyaretakeninlargedoses,theywillcauseserioushealthproblems.Whatotherdamagesdostimulantssometimeshave? Theycanalsocauseaheartattackwhenyouaredoinghardexercise.

Summary

Althoughsomedrugsarephysicallyharmfulandsometimesillegaltouse,someathletesstillusetheminordertowininsportscompetitions.OnesuchexampleistheCanadianathleteBenJohnson,whonotonlylosthismedalinanimportantsportscompetitionbutwasdisqualifiedfrominternationalathleticsfortwoyears.Ancientathletesstartedtousesubstancestoenhancetheirsportsperformancesthousandsofyearsago.Butpresent-dayathletescanuseamuchwiderrangeofstimulantstoimprovetheirperformances,althoughthesestimulantscanalsomakethemill-temperedandviolentatthesametime.Particularlysomeathletesinshootingcompetitionseventakedrugsas“calmers”frosteadyhandsandcoolnerves.Buttheoveruseofstimulantsanddrugscanbringaboutgreatphysicalharmorevendeathtoathletes.Exercises Fillintheblankswiththefollowingwordsorphrases.Changetheformsifnecessary.Thebraveboy__________hisownlifetosavethatlittlegirl.Hehasfailedseveraltimes,soIdon’thaveany_____________inhim.Whatthemanagersaid____________meofthepressuretofinishthetaskwithintwoweeks.They__________heavily_______theadviceoftheirparentsandfriends.Frankisgoodatsports,butwhenit_____________study,heisfarbelowtheaverage.Modernfarmingmethodscan______________________________theenvironment.riskedconfidencerelievedreliedoncomesto

relyonwashoutcometosufferfromconfidencestripofrelieveatallcostssubstancehaveaneffectonriskbanfromhaveanadverseeffectonExercises Fillintheblankswiththefollowingwordsorphrases.Changetheformsifnecessary.

relyonwashoutcometosufferfromconfidencestripofrelieveatallcostssubstancehaveaneffectonriskbanfromAfterworkingtenhourscontinuously,she___________________andwantedsleep.Heoften_______________headache.Saltisauseful________________.He______________________driving.Astrongwind_____________thetrees_______alltheleaves.You’vegottokeepthatprogrammerworkingforus_________________.waswashedoutsuffersfromsubstancewasbannedfromstripped

atallcostsof

Thankyou!ByeBye!UnitEight

YoungPeopleinBusinessNewCenturyEnglish,BookIBackgroundInformationCreditCardAcreditcardisathinplasticcard,usually3-1/8inchesby2-1/8inchesinsize,thatcontainsidentificationinformationsuchasasignatureorpicture,andauthorizesthepersonnamedonittochargepurchasesorservicestohisaccount—chargesforwhichhewillbebilledperiodically.Today,theinformationonthecardisreadbyautomatedtellermachines(ATMs),storereaders,andbankandInternetcomputers.AccordingtotheEncyclopediaBritannica,theuseofcreditcardsoriginatedintheUnitedStatesduringthe1920s,whenindividualcompanies,suchashotelchainsandoilcompanies,beganissuingthemtocustomersforpurchasesmadeatthosebusinesses.ThisuseincreasedsignificantlyafterWorldWarII.CreditCardThefirstuniversalcreditcard—onethatcouldbeusedatavarietyofstoresandbusinesses—wasintroducedbyDinersClub,Inc.,in1950.Withthissystem,thecredit-cardcompanychargedcardholdersanannualfeeandbilledthemonamonthlyoryearlybasis.Anothermajoruniversalcard—“Don’tleavehomewithoutit!”—wasestablishedin1958bytheAmericanExpresscompany.Therearebasicallythreetypesofcreditcards:?Bankcards,issuedbybanks(forexample,Visa,MasterCardandDiscoverCard)?Travelandentertainment(T&E)cards,suchasAmericanExpressandDinersClub?Housecardsthataregoodonlyinonechainofstores(Searsisthebiggestoneofthese,followedbytheoilcompanies,phonecompaniesandlocaldepartmentstores.)T&Ecardsandnationalhousecardshavethesametermsandconditionswhereveryouapply.Mastercard

Barclaycard

Visa

AmericanExpressQuiteafewpeoplewouldratherstartuptheirownbusinessthanworkastopexecutivesinabigcompany.Whichwouldyouprefer?Whyorwhynot?DiscussionSomeideasachievementbusyfamilylifefreedomincomepressureQuestionsWhydidthefatherwantthesontowaitafewmonths?

Whycouldn’tJoewaitafewmonthsuntilhisgraduationfromStanford?

ThisGenerationMeansBusinessGregoryLampsoncouldn’tbelieveit.His21-year-oldsonJoe,sixmonthsfromgraduation,hadjustannouncedthathewasdroppingoutofStanfordUniversitytolaunchhisownsoftwarecompany.“Can’tyouwaitafewmonths?”hisfatherpleaded.“No,”Joesaidquietly.“Insoftwarebeingfirstiseverything.”Examples:

Teenagerswhodropoutofhighschoolhavetroublefindingjobs.Oneoftherunnerstwistedhisankleanddroppedout.drop

out

leaveschool,college,oruniversitybeforeyouhavefinishedstudying.Example:

Thegovernmentlaunchedanewplantobuildmorehouses.

Thefirmlaunchedthenewproductwithabigadvertisingcampaign.launch

cause(anactivity,planandwayoflife)tobeginExamples:

Theyoungmanpleadedforanotherchancetoshowhisworth.

Johnpleadedwithhissontolistentohisadvice.plead

makeanearnestappealtoQuestionsWhydidthefatherwantthesontowaitafewmonths?

HewouldgraduatefromStanfordinafewmonths.Hisfatherwantedhimtocompletehisstudiesfirst.

Whycouldn’tJoewaitafewmonthsuntilhisgraduationfromStanford?

Hethoughttimewasthemostimportantthinginsoftwareindustry.

QuestionsWhatisthelifebloodofbusinessaccordingtothisparagraph?

WhatkindofsoftwaredidLampsontrytodevelop?TheyoungerLampsonknewthatsoftwarecompanieswerealreadyhelpingbigbusinesssavemillionsbystreamliningsomeofficework,suchasshippingandreceiving.Yetbuyingandselling—thelifebloodofbusiness—wasstillbeingdonebyinstinct.Forinstance,theaveragehospitalcouldchooseamongmanybandagesuppliers.Buttherewasnoeasywaytocalculatewhichsupplierofferedthebestpricewhilemeetingallthecustomer’sneeds.Lampsonwassurethatheandhisfourpartnerscoulddevelopacomputerprogramthatwouldsolvethisproblem.Examples:

Thenewdirectorsoonstreamlinedthefinancedepartment.Weneedtofindwaysofstreamliningthedecision-makingprocess.streamline

makeabusinessororganizationworkmoresimplyandefficientlyExamples:

Themailordercompanyshippedmynewbooksbyair.ship

send(esp.alargearticle)oversomedistancebypostorothermeansExamples:

Hecantellagoodpicturebyinstinct.Birdslearntoflybyinstinct.instinct

anaturalabilitytoknowwhatyoushoulddowithouthavingtolearnorthinkaboutitExamples:

What’stheaveragerainfallforJuly?Therewasnothingspecialaboutthefilm—itwasjustaverage.average

usual,ordinaryExamples:

Doestheflatmeetyourneedsorrequirements?meet

satisfyQuestionsWhatisthelifebloodofbusinessaccordingtothisparagraph?

Thelifebloodofbusinessisbuyingandselling.

WhatkindofsoftwaredidLampsontrytodevelop?

Hewantedtodevelopacomputerprogramthatcouldhelpcompaniestoworkouteasilywhichsuppliersofferedthebestpricewhilemeetingallthecustomer’sneeds.QuestionsWhycouldn’thegetfinancialsupportfrombanks?

Whycouldn’thegetmoneyfromventurecapitalists?

InspiteofLampson’sconfidence,noonewouldfinancehisstart-upcompany,calledTrilogyDevelopmentGroup.Bankstoldhimtogetlost.Venturecapitalistsexplainedthatnewenterprisesneededexperiencedmanagersandtechnicians;JoeLampsonhadneither.Examples:

Theycontinued,inspiteofmywarning.Inspiteoftheheavyrain,shewenttothetheatre.inspiteof

takingnonoticeofExamples:

Hisparentsfinancedhiscollegeeducation.Whofinancesthisorganization?finance

providemoneyforExamples:

Weareseekingpossibilitiesofformingajointventurewithyourcompany.venture

undertakinginwhichthereisriskExamples:

Thenumberofforeignfundedenterpriseshasdoubledinthepastfiveyears.enterprise

anorganization,esp.abusinessfirmQuestionsWhycouldn’thegetfinancialsupportfrombanks?

Theyhadnotrustinhisnewcompany,sotheytoldhimtogetlost.Whycouldn’thegetmoneyfromventurecapitalists?

Venturecapitalistswouldn’tinvestmoneybecauseJoehadneitherexperiencedmanagersnorexperiencedtechnicians.QuestionsWheredidhedecidetogetthemoneyheneeded?

Whydidherunupmassivecreditcarddebts?Soheturnedtothegreatinvestmentbankofhisgeneration:plastic.Lampsonused35creditcardstofinancethebusinessandlivingexpensesforhimandhispartners.Twoyearslaterhewashalfamilliondollarsindebt.Examples:

Theyalwaysturntomewhentheyareintrouble.

Hesometimesturnstodrinkwhenheisunhappy.Herfamilylivedalongwayaway,andshehadnoonetoturnto.turnto

gotoforhelp,advice,sympathy,comfort,etc.

QuestionsWheredidhedecidetogetthemoneyheneeded? Hedecidedtoturntothegreatinvestmentbankofhisgeneration:plastic.

Whydidherunupmassivecreditcarddebts?Hehadtofinancehiscompanyandthelivingexpensesforhispartnersandhimself.QuestionsWhydoyouthinkheaskedengineersatHewlett-PackardtotesttheTrilogysoftware?

Whathappenedthen?MeanwhilehepersuadedengineersatHewlett-Packard—whohadtriedtodevelopasimilarprogram—totesttheTrilogysoftware.ToHewlett-Packard’ssurprise,itworked.ThecompanyofferedTrilogy$3millionfortherighttousetheprogram.Sincethen,ordersfromotherFortune500companieshavefloodedin.Examples:

MotherwascookingthedinnerandmeanwhileMarywascleaningherbedroom.

Theywillbehereintenminutes;meanwhilewe’llhavesomecoffee.

meanwhile

duringthesameperiodoftimeExamples:

Applicationletterscamefloodingin.Peoplewerefloodinginfromthesurroundingcountryside.floodin

arriveinlargenumbersQuestionsWhydoyouthinkheaskedengineersatHewlett-PackardtotesttheTrilogysoftware?

Thiscompanyhadtriedtodevelopasimilarprogram.

Whathappenedthen? Sincehisprogramworkedwell,otherFortune500companieswantedtobuytherighttousehisprogram.

QuestionsWhereistheTrilogyDevelopmentGrouplocated?

Whatwasthesituationofthecompanyin1996?TodaytheTrilogyDevelopmentGroup,basedinAustin,Texas,hascloseto400employees.Thecompany’s1996incomeshavebeenestimatedatmorethan$120million.Examples:

It’scloseto5:00.

Hecameclosetolosinghistemper.

closeto

nearly;similartoExamples:

Thedealerestimatedthevalueofmypaintingat$1,000.

Iestimatedthatthetripwouldtakeabouttwohours.

estimate

makeajudgmentabout;figuretheamountofQuestionsWhereistheTrilogyDevelopmentGrouplocated?

ItislocatedinAustin,Texas.

Whatwasthesituationofthecompanyin1996? Thecompanyhasabout400employeesandmorethan$120millionincomein1996.QuestionsWhatdoesthisparagraphtellusabouttheyoungpeoplebetweentheagesof25and34?

WhydoyouthinktheauthormentionedthatLampsonhadjustcelebratedhis29thbirthday?Lampson,whojustcelebratedhis29thbirthday,isoneofahugenumberofunder-35entrepreneurs.Accordingtoastudy,nearlytenpercentofAmericansbetweentheagesof25and34areactivelyinvolvedintryingtostarttheirownbusinesses—atleastthreetimestherateofanyotheragegroup.Examples:

Icelebratedmybirthdaywithfriendsinarestaurant.

Thesegoodresultshavegivenussomethingtocelebrate.

celebrate

dosomethingspecialtomarkanoccasionExamples:

Don’tinvolveotherpeopleinyourmadschemes.IfIwereyouIwouldn’tgetinvolvedintheirproblems.Hewasinvolvedinacaraccidentthoughtheotherdriverwasdrunk.beinvolvedin

takepartinanactivityorevent;causetobecomeconnectedorconcernedQuestionsWhatdoesthisparagraphtellusabouttheyoungpeoplebetweentheagesof25and34?

Abouttenpercentoftheyoungpeopleofthisagegroupareactivelyinvolvedintryingtostarttheirownbusinesses.ThisfigureisatleastthreetimestherateofanyotheragegroupintheUnitedStates.

WhydoyouthinktheauthormentionedthatLampsonhadjustcelebratedhis29thbirthday? HejustwantedtostressthattheyoungergenerationintheUSisactivelyinvolvedintryingtostarttheirownbusinesses.AndLompsonisjustoneofthosesuccessfulpeople.Questions Couldyouanswerthisquestion?

Whytheincreasedinterestinentrepreneurship?Questions Couldyouanswerthisquestion?

PerhapsitwasthepioneeringspiritofsomeyoungAmericansthathasengagedtheinterestofmoreandmorepeople.QuestionsWhatdidthesepeopledowhentheywerechildren?

Whatcantheylearnfromprogrammingandsurfingthenet?Accordingtoasurvey,twiceasmanyyoungpeoplewouldratherowntheirownbusinessesthanbetopexecutivesinlargecompanies,andfivetimesasmanywouldratherowntheirownbusinessesthanholdimportantpositionsinpoliticsorgovernment.Whentheywerechildren,theytaughtthemselveshowtoprogramcomputersandnavigatetheInternet.Today’syoungadults“hadtogrowupfast,”saysaresearcher,“Theywerelikeexplorershackingtheirwaythroughajungle—theyhadtobepreparedtohandleanything.Adecadelateritturnsoutthatthesesurvival

traitsareexcellentskillsforentrepreneurs.”Examples:

Thelatestsurveyshowsamajorityinfavorofthegovernment’snewforeignpolicy.Accordingtoarecentsurvey,notebookhasanenormousmarketinChina.survey

generalexaminationorstudyExamples:

Notknowinghowtohandlethesituation,heturnedtoMr.Smithforadvice.Whetheryoucansucceeddependsonthewayyouhandletheseproblems.

handle

dealwithExamples:

Thirtyyoungadventurerstookpartinlastweek’ssurvivalcompetition.

Hopesarefadingforthesurvivalofthemissingclimber.survival

stateofcontinuingtoliveorexistExamples:

Hospitalityishermostpleasingtrait.

Sheisanintelligentgirlbutcertainpersonalitytraitshavemadeherunpopular.

trait

particularquality,esp.ofaperson

QuestionsWhatdidthesepeopledowhentheywerechildren?

TheytaughtthemselveshowtoprogramcomputersandnavigatetheInternet.Whatcantheylearnfromprogrammingandsurfingthenet? Theycanlearnwhatturnsouttobeexcellentskillsforentrepreneurs.

Summary

Knowingthataleadingpositionisextremelyimportantinsoftwarebusiness,the21-year-oldJoeLampsondecidedtosetuphisownsoftwarecompanyjustsixmonthsbeforehisgraduationfromStanfordUniversity,whichgreatlysurprisedhisfather.JoeLampsonandhispartnersdevelopedaprogramtoimprovethetradingsituationinbusiness.Buttotheirregret,nobanksorriskcapitalistswouldinvestintheirnewcompany,Trilogy.JoeLampsonhadtouse35creditcardstofinanceitandlivingexpensesforhispartnersandhewasonceheavilyindebt.Finally,TrilogysoftwarewasextremelypopularinthemarketandJoeLampsonbecameoneofthemostsuccessfulyoungAmericanentrepreneurs.Today,ithasbecomeanotherAmericandreamthatmostAmericanyouthhopetorealize.Exercises Fillintheblankswiththefollowingwordsorphrases.Changetheformsifnecessary.

calculatedropoutfinancehandleinstinctinvolvelaunchsurveyturntoventureDon’thesitateto__________meifyouareindifficulty.Thescientists______________whenthespaceshipwouldreachthemoon.Agoodteachermustknowhowto_____________problemsconcerninghisstudents.Youhadbettertryto_____________asmanystudentsaspossibleintheproject.Becausehisfamilycouldn’taffordhiseducationfee,Jimhadto_____________ofschool.

turntocalculatedhandleinvolvedropout

ExercisesChinawillbeableto______________itsastronautsintospaceinthenearfuture.Their______________showsthatabout8%ofthelocalresidentshavebeenstruckbythatdisease.He_____________hisownlifetosavethedrowningchild.Maniscontrolledby_____________aswellasbyreason.Theschoolsinthepoora