高中重點詞匯

考題回放：(2008·全國卷Ⅱ)假定你是李華，你的英國朋友Peter來信向你咨詢如何才能學好中文。請你根據(jù)下列要點寫封回信。要點：1.參加中文學習班；2．看中文書刊、電視；3．學唱中文歌曲；4．交中國朋友。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2．可適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫；3．開頭語已為你寫好。June8,2008DearPeter，I'mgladtoreceiveyourletteraskingformyadviceonhowtolearnChinesewell.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Bestwishes，LiHua,

佳作誦讀：June_8,2008Dear_Peter，I'm_glad_to_receive_your_letter_asking_for_my_advice_on_how_to_learn_Chinese_well.Here_are_a_few_suggestions.First,itisimportanttotakeaChinesecourse,asyou'llbeabletolearnfromtheteacherandpracticewithyourfellowstudents.Then,it_also_helps_towatchTVandreadbooks,newspapersandmagazinesinChinesewhenever_possible.Besides,_it_should_be_a_good_idea_tolearnandsingChinesesongs,becauseby_doing_soyou'lllearnandrememberChinesewordsmoreeasily.YoucanalsomakemoreChinesefriends.TheywilltellyoualotaboutChinaandhelpyoulearnChinese.TryandwritemeinChinesenexttime.Best_wishes，Li_HuaⅠ.重點單詞1．a(chǎn)lternative

n. 可能的選擇adj.供選擇的；其他的2．starvation

n． 挨餓；餓死→starve

vi.挨餓；餓死3．a(chǎn)ccuracy

n． 精確；準確→accurate

adj.準確的；精確的4．Interrupt

vt.&vi. 打斷……講話；打岔；暫時中斷或中止5．a(chǎn)ssume

vt. 假定；設想6．sharpen

vi.&vt. (使)鋒利；尖銳；清晰→sharpener

n．磨具；削具7．messy

adj. 凌亂的；臟的→mess

n．凌亂，臟8．botany

n．植物學→botanical

adj.植物學的，與植物學有關的9．Analysis

n． 分析→analyses

pl.→analyse

vt.分析→analyst

n．分析者，化驗員→analytic(al)

adj.分析的，解析的10．Category

n.種類；類別；范疇11．significance

n．意義；意思；重要性，重要意義12．delete

vt.刪；刪除13．somehow

adv. adv.以……方式；不知怎么地14．a(chǎn)cademy

n． n.學院；學會；學術團體；院校15．a(chǎn)pplaud

vi.&vt. 鼓掌歡迎；贊賞→applausen．鼓掌16．a(chǎn)ccelerate

vi.&vt. 加速；促進17．a(chǎn)rrest

vt.逮捕；吸引n．逮捕；拘留18．Dizzy

adj.暈眩的；昏亂的；使人發(fā)暈或困惑的Ⅱ.重點短語1．regardlessof

不管；不顧2．a(chǎn)tmost 至多；最多3．cutup

切碎4．fedupwith 受夠了；飽受；厭煩5．lookahead

向前看；為將來打算6．dateback

追溯到……7．a(chǎn)rrestsb.for... 因……而逮捕某人8．withrelief

欣慰地9．beproudof... 以……為驕傲10．turntosb.forhelp 向某人求助Ⅲ.重點句型1．If

onlyitcouldbejustlikelastyear!要是能跟去年那樣有多好呀！2．Itisa

great

pleasuretomeetyoustudentsfromEngland...見到你們這些來自英國的學生非常高興……3．Itmust

have

beenveryuncomfortable.那肯定會非常不舒服。4．Wehavebeenexcavatinglayersofashalmostsixmetresthick,whichsuggeststhattheymight

have

keptthefireburningallwinter.我們一直在挖掘一層層的積灰，幾乎有六米厚，這意味著他們可能整個冬天都在燒火。5．Abruptlyshesatdown,only

to

be

scooped

upbyherlaughing,shoutingsister,Luna.她突然坐了下去，結果被她正又笑又嚷的妹妹魯娜一把抱了起來。①Haveyougotanalternativesuggestion?你有沒有其他的建議？②Youhave_the_alternative_ofmarryingorremainingabachelor.你可以結婚也可以仍做單身漢，任你選擇。③Wehaveno_alternative_but_to_go_on.除了繼續(xù)下去，我們沒有選擇的余地。④Thereisno_alternative_but_to_fight.除了戰(zhàn)斗，沒有其他的辦法。①Don'tinterruptmewhileI'mbusy.我正忙著，不要打攪我。②Trafficinthecitywas_interrupted_byasnowstorm.市內交通被暴風雪所阻斷。③I'msorrytointerruptyou,butcouldyoutellmethewaytothehospital?對不起，打擾了，你能告訴我去醫(yī)院怎么走嗎？①Ifyougetupearly,trynottodisturbanyoneelse.如果你起得早，盡量不要打擾別人。②You'dbetternotinterrupthimwhenheisspeeking.當他在說話時你最好別打斷他。③I'msorrytodisturbyou,butcanItalktoyouforamoment?對不起，打擾你一下，我能跟你談一會兒嗎？①Youassumehisinnocencebeforehearingtheevidenceagainsthim.＝Youassumehimto_beinnocentbeforehearingtheevidenceagainsthim.＝Youassume_thatheisinnocentbeforehearingtheevidenceagainsthim.在聽到對他不利的證言前，你假定他是無罪的。②Assuming/Suppose/Supposing(that)itrains,whatshallwedo?假如下雨的話，我們怎么辦？①Somehowhewasafraidofher.

不知為什么，他怕她。②Don'tworry,we'llgetthemoneybacksomehow.別擔心，我們總會把那些錢拿回來的。③Iwassomewhatsurprised.我有點兒吃驚。④Itmayrain,butweshallgoanyway.可能要下雨，不過我們照走不誤。①Embrywas_arrested_forstealingcars.恩布里因為偷車而被捕了。②Hewasplacedunder_house_arrestin1995.他在1995年被軟禁。③Thepoliceexpectedtomake_an_arrestsoon.警方很快就會進行拘捕。對點自測1．Themanagersaidthattheyhadan______planiftheplantheyhadsubmittedwasnotaccepted.A．a(chǎn)ppropriate

B．a(chǎn)lternativeC．a(chǎn)pproximate D．a(chǎn)nxious答案：B解析：alternative意為“可供選擇的，兩者挑一的”。句意：經(jīng)理說如果他們遞交的計劃不被接受他們還有另外一個計劃。appropriate意為“適當?shù)摹?；approximate意為“大約的，大概的”；anxious意為“焦慮的”。2．Itisbadmannersto______otherswhiletheyarehavingaconversation.A．disturb B．botherC．interrupt D．dropin答案：C解析：“打斷某人的談話”應該用interruupt。3．______wemake$5000everymonth,itwon'ttakelongforustopayoffthedebt.A．Givingthat B．AssumethatC．Assumingthat D．Givenwhat答案：C解析：assumingthat...意為“假定，假設”。句意：假設我們每月賺5000美元，那我們過不了多久就會還清債務。A、D項應改為giventhat。4．Imustgetsomehelp______，fortomorrowisthedeadline.A．somehow B．a(chǎn)tfirstC．immediate D．finally答案：A解析：句意：我不管怎樣必須取得一些幫助，因為明天是最后期限。somehow意為“以某種方法，不管怎么地”；atfirst意為“首先”；immediate意為“立刻的”；finally意為“最終”。結合句意，A項最佳。5．Itisreportedthattheagentwas______forcarryingafalsepassport.A．a(chǎn)rrested B．a(chǎn)ccusedC．charged D．suspected答案：A解析：句意：據(jù)報道那個代理商因使用假護照而被捕。arrest意為“逮捕”；bearrestedfor意為“因……被逮捕”；beaccusedof意為“因……被指控”；bechargedwith意為“被控告……”；besuspectedof意為“被懷疑……”。提示：regardlessof,inspiteof和despite后面不能直接跟從句，只能跟名詞，但可以跟thefactthat...。①Theydecoratedthehouseregardless_ofthehighcost.他們不惜高額的費用裝修房子。②Theycontinuedtoworkregardless_ofthefactthatitwasraining.盡管天在下雨，他們還繼續(xù)工作。①Icanpayyou10poundsat(the)_most.我最多付給你10英鎊。②Therewereonly30peopleatthemeetingat(the)_most.最多只有30個人參加了那個會議。③Itwillcostat_least

￡150.這至少價值150英鎊。3．cutup切碎；割碎①Cut_upthecarrotsbeforeyouputthemintothepot.把胡蘿卜切碎后再放進鍋內。②Thecookcut_upthemeatforthepie.這廚師將肉切碎做肉餅。③Youwon'tbecutting_downtheofficestaff,then?那么，你不會削減員工了？④Thegashasbeencut_off.氣的供應已被切斷。⑤Johnandhisbrotherwerearguingsotheirmothertoldthemtocutitoutandgotobed.約翰和他哥哥在辯論，所以媽媽讓他們住口并上床睡覺。⑥MrDaviscut_intoaskifanyonewouldlikeadrink.大衛(wèi)先生打斷談話，問是否有人想喝一杯。⑦Hecut_awaytheoldbranchesfromthetree.他從樹上砍下樹枝。①Justlook_aheadandyou'llseeapagoda.只要向前望去，你就可以看到一座寶塔。②Wemustlook_aheadbeforewegofurtherinthematter.在進一步進行這件事之前，我們必須把眼光放遠。③Wemustlook_aheadbeforewemakeadecision.我們作出決定之前必須想得遠一點。①Thiscustomdates_back_tothe16thcentury.這風俗起源于16世紀。②Thisisanoldbuildingdating_back_tothe16thcentury.這是一棟追溯至16世紀的古老建筑物。③Thistowndates_back_toRomantimes.這個城鎮(zhèn)可追溯到羅馬時代。④Theunearthedsworddates_back_totheHanDynasty.這把出土的寶劍屬于漢代。對點自測1．(2010·北師大附中檢測)Theamountwillbepaidtoeveryone______whethertheyhavechildrenornot.A．insteadof

B．inrelationtoC．regardlessof D．intermsof答案：C解析：考查介詞短語辨析。regardlessof意為“不管，不顧”；insteadof意為“代替，而不是”；inrelationto意為“和……有關系”；intermsof意為“在……方面”。根據(jù)句意，選C。2．Wemust______beforewemakeadecision.A．lookup B．lookdownC．lookout D．lookahead答案：D解析：句意：在我們做決定之前，我們必須考慮未來。lookup意為“向上看，查找信息等”；lookdown意為“向下看”；lookout意為“當心，小心”；lookahead意為“向前看”。3．Thecarrotshouldbe______intosmallpiecesbeforeyouputthemintotheboilingwater.A．cutdown B．cutoffC．cutin D．cutup答案：D解析：cutup意為“切碎”；符合題意。cutdown意為“減少(開支)，砍倒”；cutoff意為“切斷，中斷”；cutin意為“打斷，插話”，均不符合題意。4．Thetraditionalfriendshipbetweenourtwopeoples______ancienttimes.A．isdatedbackto B．datesatC．datesbackto D．isdatedfrom答案：C解析：datebackto意為“追溯到”，常用于一般現(xiàn)在時。經(jīng)典句型1．Wehave_been_excavatinglayersofashalmostsixmetresthick,whichsuggeststhattheymighthavekeptthefireburningallwinter.我們一直在挖掘一層層的積灰，幾乎有六米厚，這意味著他們可能整個冬天都在燒火。(1)句中的havebeendoing是現(xiàn)在完成進行時?，F(xiàn)在完成進行時是現(xiàn)在完成時的強調形式，表示動作從過去某一時間開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能還要繼續(xù)下去，通常與表示一段時間的狀語連用，如：forhours,sincethismorning等，其構成是“have/has＋been＋現(xiàn)在分詞”。Ihave_been_lookingformylostbookforthreedays,butIstillhaven'tfoundit.我已經(jīng)花了三天的時間找我丟失的書，但還沒有找到。注意：現(xiàn)在完成進行時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別：①二者都可以表示動作的延續(xù)，區(qū)別在于：前者更強調動作的延續(xù)性，可以說是后者的強調形式。Wehavebeenlivingherefortenyears.(強調還要繼續(xù)住下去)Wehavelivedherefortenyears.(不知道是否已經(jīng)結束)②在無時間狀語的情況下，前者表示動作仍在進行，而后者則表示動作在過去已結束。Thestudentshavebeenpreparingfortheexam.(還在進行)Thestudentshavepreparedfortheexam.(已經(jīng)結束)(2)句中的suggest含義為“暗示，表明”，后面接從句時不用虛擬語氣。當suggest含義為“建議，提出”時，后面跟從句時要用虛擬語氣thatsb.shoulddo。①Hispalefacesuggestsheisinbadhealth.他面色蒼白，說明他身體不好。②Isuggestedtohimthatweshould_handletheproblemanotherway.我向他建議我們用另一種方式處理這個問題。③Thedentistsuggestedthatshe(should)_comeanotherday.牙醫(yī)建議她改天再來。2．Abruptlyshesatdown,only_to_be_scooped_upbyherlaughing,shoutingsister,Luna.她突然坐下，結果被她又笑又嚷的妹妹魯娜抱了起來。onlytobescoopedupbyherlaughing,shoutingsister,Luna是不定式作結果狀語，多表示意料之外的結果。Hehurriedtothestationonly_to_findthatthetrainhadleft.他匆匆忙忙地趕到車站，結果發(fā)現(xiàn)火車已經(jīng)開走了。提示：-ing形式作結果狀語多表示由于前邊的動作自然而然地導致后邊的結果。①Theycaneatapersonintwominutes,leavingonlybones.它們可以在兩分鐘之內把一個人吃光，只剩骨頭。②Europeanfootballisplayedinmorethan80countries,makingitthemostpopularsport.有80多個國家踢歐式足球，這使得它成為最流行的運動。對點自測1．Thetwocountries______tomaintaintheirmilitaryequationformanyyears.A．tried B．wastryingC．havetried D．havebeentrying答案：D解析：havebeendoing為現(xiàn)在完成進行時態(tài)。2．Thesuggestionthatthemayor______theprizeswasacceptedbyeveryone.A．wouldpresent B．presentC．presents D．oughttopresent答案：B解析：suggestion的同位語從句中用should＋動詞原形，should可以省略。3．Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only______thefilmstarshadleft.A．totell B．tobetoldC．telling D．told答案：B解析：only＋todo常做結果狀語，故排除C、D兩項。根據(jù)句意可知是“別人告訴記者”，thenewsreporters做主語，需用被動式。4．—DidyoumeetwiththefamousspaceheroYangLiwei?—______Ihadcomehereearlier.A．Ifonly B．IfnotC．Butfor D．Forfear答案：A解析：后句意為：要是我早來這里就好了！ifonly意為“要是……就好了！”Ⅰ.選詞填空regardlessof,atmost,cutup,datebackto,lookahead,fedupwith1．Thehistoryofthiscountry____________thestoneAge.2．Haveyou____________towhatyou'llbedoinginfiveyears'time?3．Hesaidthathewas____________suchsillythings.4．Itwilltaketwohours____________togetthere,soyouneedn'tbetooworried.5．Thevegetablesshouldbe____________intosmallpiecesanddroppedintotheboilingwater.6．Allthepeopleshouldbetreatedwithrespect____________race,educationandwealth.答案：1.datesbackto

2.lookedahead

3.fedupwith

4.atmost

5.cutup

6.regardlessofⅡ.情景交際1．—I'llnotlearnEnglishanylonger.Ican'trememberallthesewords.—______.A．Areyouwrong? B．Notabit.C．Noway! D．Comeon!答案：D解析：Comeon(別灰心)，用來安慰對方，符合語境，故選D。2．—Canyoureadthesign,sir?Nosmokingallowedinthelift!—______.A．Nevermind B．Don'tmentionitC．Sure,Idon'tsmoke D．Pardonme答案：D解析：Nevermind意為“不用擔心”；Don'tmentionit意為“別客氣”；Pardonme意為“請原諒，對不起，請再說一遍”；Sure,Idon'tsmoke為干擾項，英語中沒有這種表達方式，由句意可知Pardonme正確。3．—I'mafraidIcan'tfinishthereportthisweek.—______.Itwon'tbeneededuntilnextWednesday.A．Don'tmentionit B．Goahead,pleaseC．Notatall D．Takeyourtime答案：D解析：takeyourtime意為“別著急，慢慢來”。4．—Doyoumindmysmokinghere?—______.A．No,thanks B．No.GoodideaC．Yes,please D．Yes.Betternot答案：D解析：A、B、C三項答語都自相矛盾，句意：——你介意我在這兒吸煙嗎？——是的(我介意)，你最好別吸。5．—Excuseme,canyoutellmewherethenearestbankis,please?—______Ohyes!It'spastthepostoffice,nexttoabigmarket.A．Mm,letmethink. B．Oh,Ibegyourpardon?C．You'rewelcom